bao cao do an mon hoc 1

B GIO DC V O TO TRNG I HC S PHM K THUT TP. HCM KHOA IN - IN T-------------------

N MN HC 1NGNH: K THUT MY TNHe tai:

MY TNH IN T

GVHD : Ths.TRNG NGC SN SVTH : HNG V NG KHOA MSSV : 08119027 SVTH : LNG GIA NH MSSV : 08119016

TP. H CH MINH 6/2011TRNG I HC S PHM K THUT TPHCM CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM C LP T DO HNH PHC

My tnh in tKHOA IN - IN T B MN IN T VIN THNG

Trang 2

PHIU CHM N MN HC 1(Dnh cho ngi hng dn ) 1. H tn Sinh vin :............................................................MSSV: ......................................................................................... .........................................................................................MSSV: ......................................................................................... 2. Tn ti : ...................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... 3. Ngi hng dn : ...................................................................................................................................... 4. Nhng u im ca n : ...................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... 5. Nhng thiu st ca n : ...................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... 6. ngh : c bo v B sung c bo v Khng c bo v 7. Cc cu hi sinh vin phi tr li trc t chm n mn hc: a)................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... b).................................................................................................................................. ...................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... c)................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... 8. nh gi im (S v ch).......................................................................................... 201 Ngy .Thng.Nm CH K V H TN

My tnh in t

Trang 3

TRNG I HC S PHM K THUT TPHCM KHOA IN - IN T B MN IN T VIN THNG

CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM C LP T DO HNH PHC

PHIU CHM N MN HC 1(Dnh cho ngi hng dn ) 1. H tn Sinh vin :............................................................MSSV: ......................................................................................... .........................................................................................MSSV: ......................................................................................... 2. Tn ti : ...................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... 3. Ngi hng dn : ...................................................................................................................................... 4. Nhng u im ca n : ...................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... 5. Nhng thiu st ca n : ...................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... 6. ngh : c bo v B sung c bo v Khng c bo v 7. Cc cu hi sinh vin phi tr li trc t chm n mn hc: a)................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... b).................................................................................................................................. ...................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................

My tnh in t

Trang 4

c)................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... 8. nh gi im (S v ch).......................................................................................... 201 Ngy .Thng.Nm CH K V H TN

My tnh in t

Trang 5

LI CM NLi u tin nhm thc hin ti xin gi li cm n chn thnh n thy hng dn, Ths. Trng Ngc Sn, ngi tn tnh ch bo, gip v mt chuyn mn v ng vin nhm thc hin ti trong sut qu trnh thc hin ti. Nhm thc hin ti cng xin gi li cm n n tt c qu thy c, nhng ngi ging dy t nhng bui u, cm n qu thy c Khoa in-in T Trng i Hc S Phm K Thut Thnh Ph H Ch Minh to iu kin nhm hon thnh ti ny. Cm n cc bn, nhng ngi gp , gip v ng vin nhm hon thnh ti. Cui cng, nhm thc hin ti xin gi li bit n n b m v nhng ngi thn trong gia nh lun lun bn cnh v ng h ti trong cuc sng.

TP.H Ch Minh, ngy 20 thng 06 nm 2011

Nhm thc hin tiHng V ng Khoa Lng Gia nh

My tnh in t

Trang 6

LI NI UL mt nc ang pht trin, v trong nhng nm gn y, di s lnh o ca ng v Nh Nc a t nc hi nhp ngy cng su rng vi th gii, m ra c hi pht trin nhanh chng cho t nc. Cc ngnh cng ngh cao, c bit l lnh vc t ng ha, vi x l, vi iu khin ngy cng c ch trng hn. Ngy cng c nhiu ngnh ngh ng dng vi x l, vi iu khin vo qu trnh sn xut, vn hnh, t ng ha. D n xy dng nh my sn xut chip vi x l hn 1 triu la ca Intel vo khu cng ngh cao TP.HCM l mt v d in hnh cho s pht trin, cng nh s quan tm ca Nh Nc vo lnh vc ny. L sinh vin, trnh cn hn ch, nn nhm thc hin ti cha th lnh hi ht cc kin thc cng nh cc ng dng v lnh vc ny. Do , ti chc chn cn nhiu thiu st, rt mong qu thy c v cc bn ch dn v ng gp kin ti hon thin hn. Nhm thc hin tiHng V ng Khoa Lng Gia nh

My tnh in t

Trang 7

PHN A : GII THIU

My tnh in t

Trang 8

MC LCPhn A Gii thiu

Trang

Trang ba Trang chm AMH ca GVHD......................................................................................2 Li cm n.......................................................................................................................4 Li ni u ......................................................................................................................5 Mc lc............................................................................................................................7 Lit k hnh......................................................................................................................9 Lit k bng....................................................................................................................10 Phn B Ni dung.......................................................................................................... Chng 1 DN NHP 1.1 1.2 Li ni u...............................................................................................................12 Gii thiu ti............................................................................................................ 1.2.1 L do chn ti............................................................................................12 1.2.2 Mc tiu ca ti.........................................................................................12 1.2.3 La chon phng n lm vic........................................................................12 1.2.4 Gii hn ca ti.........................................................................................13 C S L THUYT CA H VI IU KHIN 8051

Chng 2 2.1 2.2

Gii thiu v vi iu khin 8051..............................................................................14 Cc thnh vin khc ca h 8051.............................................................................15 2.2.1 B vi iu khin 8052.....................................................................................15 2.2.2 B vi iu khin 8031.....................................................................................15 2.3 Vi iu khin 8051...................................................................................................16 2.3.1 S khi vi iu khin 8051........................................................................16 2.4 S v chc nng ca cc chn vi iu khin 89C51...........................................17 2.4.1 S chn.......................................................................................................17 2.4.2 Chc nng.......................................................................................................17 2.5 Cu trc b nh........................................................................................................18 2.5.1 B nh chng trnh.......................................................................................19 2.5.2 B nh d liu.................................................................................................20 2.6 Mch vi iu khin c bn.......................................................................................24 2.7 Cc ngun ngt.........................................................................................................24 Chng 3 M T THIT K PHN CNG 3.1 S khi h thng.................................................................................................25 3.1.1 S khi.......................................................................................................22 3.1.2 Chc nng tng khi.......................................................................................25 3.1.2.1 Khi nhp d liu.............................................................................25 3.1.2.2 Khi x l d liu............................................................................25 3.1.2.3 Khi xut d liu..............................................................................25 Thit k mch nguyn l..........................................................................................26 3.2.1 S nguyn l tng qut..............................................................................26 Gii thiu linh kin s dng trong thit k..............................................................27 3.3.1 Ma trn phm...................................................................................................27

3.2 3.3

My tnh in t

Trang 9

3.3.2 Vi iu khin Atmel 89S52.............................................................................28 3.3.2.1 S chn........................................................................................28 3.3.2.2 Chc nng trong thit k..................................................................28 3.3.3 LCD 16x2........................................................................................................28 3.4 Tnh ton thi cng mch...........................................................................................31 3.4.1 Mch nguyn l...............................................................................................31 3.4.2 Mch in (PCB)................................................................................................31 Chng 4 THIT K CHNG TRNH CHO VI IU KHIN 4.1 Lu gii thut......................................................................................................33 4.1.1 Lu gii thut cho khi nhp d liu (Ma trn phm)................................33 4.1.2 Lu gii thut cho khi hin th LCD........................................................35 4.1.3 Lu gii thut cho khi x l.....................................................................36 4.2 Code chng trnh....................................................................................................39

Phn C

Ph lc v Ti liu tham kho................................................................131

Ph lc I :...........................................................................................................................132 Ph lc II:...........................................................................................................................150 Ti liu tham kho..............................................................................................................171

My tnh in t

Trang 10

DANH MC HNH VHnh 2.1 : S khi cu trc bn trong ca 8051...........................................10 Hnh 2.2 : S khi chi tit ca vi iu khin 8051........................................12 Hnh 2.3 : S chn ca vi iu khin Atmel 89C51.....................................13 Hnh 2.4 : Cu trc b nh v a ch cc ngt trn b nh chng trnh.................15 Hnh 2.5 : Cu trc b nh d liu trong v b nh d liu ngoi...........................16 Hnh 2.6 : Cu trc b nh trong.........................................................................16 Hnh 2.7 : Cu trc 128 byte thp ca b nh d liu............................................17 Hnh 2.8 : Mch vi iu khin c bn...............................................................20 Hnh 3.1 : S khi ca my tnh in t.......................................................21 Hnh 3.2 : Mch vi iu khin c bn...............................................................22 Hnh 3.3 : M hnh ma trn phm 4x4...............................................................23 Hnh 3.4 : Mch in ma trn phm 4x4............................................................23 Hnh 3.5 : S chn vi iu khin Atmel 89S52............................................24 Hnh 3.6 : LCD 16x2.........................................................................................24 Hnh 3.7 : S mch nguyn l trn Orcad Capture.......................................27 Hnh 3.8 : S mch in trn Orcad Layout.....................................................28 Hnh 4.1(a) : Lu gii thut qut cc ct ca ma trn phm..........................29 Hnh 4.1(b) : Lu gii thut qut cc hng ca ma trn phm.......................30 Hnh 4.2 : Lu gii thut khi hin th LCD...............................................32 Hnh 4.3(a) : Lu gii thut khi vi x l.....................................................33 Hnh 4.3 (b): Lu gii thut khi vi x l....................................................34 Hnh 4.3(c): Lu gii thut khi vi x l......................................................35

My tnh in t

Trang 11

DANH MC BNG BIUBng 2.1 : Bng so snh vi iu khin 8051, 8052 v 8031..............................12 Bng 2.2 : Cc cng (port) v mc xut logic tng ng..................................15 Bng 2.3 : Bng lit k cc thanh ghi chc nng c bit.................................18 Bng 2.4 : Bng chc nng ca thanh ghi chc nng c bit SFR...................19 Bng 2.5 : Cc ngun ngt, c v a ch vector tng ng..............................21 Bng 3.1 :Bng lit k danh sch cc chn v chc nng tng ng ca LCD. 26 Bng 3.2 : Bng m lnh LCD v chc nng tng ng...................................27 Bng 3.2 : Mc logic ca cc chn d liu trn LCD........................................28

My tnh in t

Trang 12

PHN B : NI DUNG

My tnh in t

Trang 13

CHNG 1 : DN NHP1.1. LI NI U K thut vi iu khin hin nay rt pht trin, n c ng dng vo rt nhiu lnh vc sn xut cng nghip, t ng ha, trong i sng v cn nhiu lnh vc khc na. So vi k thut s th k thut vi iu khin nh gn hn rt nhiu do n c tch hp li v c kh nng lp trnh c iu khin nn rt tin dng v c ng. Nm trong h vi iu khin tm trung, vi iu khin 8051 uc ng dng rt rng ri trong k thut iu khin ng dng, lnh vc o lng, lnh vc qung co...Vi ti ny nhm thc hin ti xin lm mt mch ng dng khc ca vi iu khin 8051 lin quan n lnh vc tnh ton l dng vi iu khin 8051 thit k MY TNH IN T . 1.2. GII THIU TI : 1.2.1. L do chn ti: My tnh b ti l mt cng c hc tp quen thuc ca hc sinh, sinh vin, t bit l sinh vin k thut. Trong i sng hng ngy, n l mt vt cn thit cho vic tnh tin trong cc v mua bn. Trong sn xut, n c dng tnh ton s sn phm lm ra. V cn rt nhiu ng dng khc ca my tnh b ti, cho thy s ph bin, cn thit ca n

T nhm thc hin ti a ra ti my tnh in t c nhn, chc nng chnh l tnh ton cc php tnh cng +,tr -, nhn x, chia / cn bn vi h thng s nguyn v hin th trn LCD

1.1.1. Mc tiu ca ti To bc u cho sinh vin nghin cu nhng ng dng ca vi iu khin ni chung v h vi iu khin 8051 ni ring trong thc tin ri t tm ti, pht trin nhiu ng dng khc trong i sng hng ngy cn n vi iu khin Nm uc trnh t thit k thi cng mt ng dng dng h vi iu khin 8051: Cch lp trnh, cch thit k phn cng cng nh cch vn hnh giao tip gia vi iu khin vi cc thit b ngoi vi nh mn hnh LCD, ma trn phm, nt nhn. 1.1.1. La chn phng n lm vic : Hin nay trn th trng c rt nhiu chng loi my tnh in t vi cc chc nng v ng dng khc nhau theo m cch thc hin, la chn phng n v chn linh kin in t cng khc nhau.Vi mc tiu trn nhm thc hin ti quyt nh chn phng n dng h

My tnh in t

Trang 14

vi iu khin 8051 nghin cu v thc hin ti Thit k my tnh in t . L do nhm thc hin ti chn h vi iu khin 8051 v : Vi iu khin 8051 l mt dng vi iu khin tng i mnh vi

nhiu tnh nng v cn thng dng trn th trng hin nay. Do c th d dng m rng thit k cc ng dng khc cc vi iu khin khc. Ph hp cho i tng sinh vin

Hot ng hiu qu v rt n nh m gi thnh li tng i r so vi Cch lp trnh a dng vi nhiu ngn ng khc nhau nh C,

Assambly.. gip cho ngi dng c th linh ng la chn ngn ng lp trnh cho ph hp vi kh nng v s thch ca mnh

1.1.1. Gii hn ca ti : Do trnh c hn nn nhm thc hin ti mi ch dng li vic

lp trnh tnh ton cc php tnh n gin v thng dng. Nu cn thi gian v iu kin cho php, nhm thc hin ti s tm hiu v m rng nhng php tnh phc tp cng nh nghin cu cc ng dng khc ca h vi iu khin 8051 Vic thi cng mch cn nhiu hn ch, ch dng li mc nghin cu

nn cha ti u c ht cc tnh nng ca vi iu khin 8051 c th cnh tranh vi cc sn phm cng loi khc

CHNG 2 : C S L THUYT CA H VI IU KHIN 80512.1. Gii thiu v vi iu khin 8051

Vo nm 1981,hng Intel gii thiu mt s b vi iu khin c gi l 8051. B vi iu khin ny c 128 byte RAM, 4K byte ROM trn chp, hai b nh thi, mt cng ni tip v 4 cng (u rng 8 bt vo ra tt c c t trn mt chp. Lc y n c coi l mt "h thng trn chp". 805 1 l mt b x l 8 bit c ngha l CPU ch c th lm vic vi 8 bit d liu ti mt thi im. D liu ln hn 8 bt c chia ra thnh cc d liu 8 bit cho x l. 805 1 c tt c 4 cng vo - ra I/O mi cng rng 8 bit. Mc d 805 1 c th c mt ROM trn chp cc i l 64 K byte, nhng cc nh sn xut lc cho xut xng ch vi 4K byte ROM trn chp. 8051 tr nn ph bin sau khi Intel cho php cc nh sn xut khc sn xut v bn bt k dng bin th no ca 805 1 m h thch vi iu kin h phi m li tng thch vi 805 1 . iu ny dn n s ra i nhiu phin bn ca 805 1 vi cc tc khc nhau v dung lng ROM trn chp khc nhau c bn bi hn na cc nh sn xut. iu ny quan trng l mc d c nhiu bin th khc nhau ca 805 1 v tc v dung lng nh ROM trn chp, nhng tt c chng u tng thch vi 805 1 ban u v cc lnh.

RXD OSCI/O ADDRESS/DAT TXD CPU ETC INTERRUP SERIAL TIMER CEXTERNAL ON BUS P4 CONTRO O CHIPA INTERRUPTS PORT PORTS 3 2 1 1 0 0T CONTROL U RAM L NT ER IN PU TS

Chng 2 : C s l thuyt h vi iu khin 8051

Hnh 2.1 : S khi cu trc bn trong ca 8051

2.2. Cc thnh vin khc ca h 8051 C hai b vi iu khin thnh vin khc ca h 8051 l 8052 v 8031. 2.2.1.B vi iu khin 8052 B vi iu khin 8052 l mt thnh vin khc ca h 8051, 8052 c tt c cc c tnh chun ca 8051 ngoi ra n c thm 128 byte RAM v mt b nh thi na. Hay ni cch khc l 8052 c 256 byte RAM v 3 b nh thi. N cng c 8K byte ROM. Trn chp thay v 4K byte nh 8051c tnh ROM trn chp RAM B nh thi Chn vo - ra Cng ni tip Ngun ngt 8051 4K byte 128 byte 2 32 1 6 8052 8K byte 256 byte 3 32 1 8 8031 OK 128 byte 2 32 1 6

Bng 2.1 : Bng so snh vi iu khin 8051, 8052 v 8031 Nh nhn thy t bng th 8051 l tp con ca 8052. Do vy tt c mi chng trnh vit cho 8051 u chy trn 8052 nhng iu ngc li l khng ng 2.2.2.B vi iu khin 8031


Mt thnh vin khc na ca 8051 l chp 8031. Chp ny thng c coi nh l 8051 khng c ROM trn chp v n c OK byte ROM trn chp. s dng chp ny ta phi b xung ROM ngoi cho n. ROM ngoi phi cha chng trnh m 8031 s np v thc hin. So vi 8051 m chng trnh c cha trong ROM trn chp b gii hn bi 4K byte, cn ROM ngoi cha chng trinh c gn vo 8031 th c th ln n 64K byte. Khi b xung cng, nh vy ch cn li 2 cng thao tc. gii quyt vn ny ta c th b sung cng vo - ra cho 8031.. Ngoi ra cn c cc phin bn khc nhau v tc ca 8031 t cc hng sn xut khc nhau.

2.3. Vi iu khin 8051


2.3.1. S khi vi iu khin 89C51

Hnh 2.2 : S khi chi tit ca vi iu khin 8051


2.4. S v chc nng ca cc chn 2.4.1.S chn

Hnh 2.3 : vi iu khin Atmel 89C51 2.4.2.Chc nng

S chn ca

Chn 40 : ni vi ngun nui +5V Chn 20 : ni t (Mass, GND) Chn 29 (PSEN Program Store Enable) : l tn hiu iu

khin xut ra ca 8051, n cho php chn b nh ngoi v c ni chung vi chn ca OE (Output Enable) ca EPROM ngoi cho php c cc byte ca chng trnh. Cc xung tn hiu PSEN h thp trong sut thi gian thi hnh lnh. Nhng m nh phn ca chng trnh c c t EPROM qua bus d liu v c cht vo thanh ghi lnh ca 8051 bi m lnh (Ch vic c y l c cc lnh khc vi c d liu, khi VXL ch c cc bit opcode ca lnh v a chng vo hng i lnh thng qua cc Bus a ch v d liu ) Chn 30 (ALE Address Latch Enable) l tn hiu iu khin xut ra ca 8051, n cho php knh Bus a ch v Bus d liu ca Port 0. Chn 31 (EA Eternal Access) c a xung thp cho php chn b nh m ngoi i vi 8051. i vi 8051 th : EA = 5V : chn ROM ni, EA = 0V : chn ROM ngoi.


32 chn cn li chia lm 4 cng vo ra : Vo ra , y l c th dng chn c mc logic (0;1 tng ng vi 0V;5V) vo hay xut mc logic ra (0,1)

P0 t chn 39 -> 32 tng ng l cc chn P0_0 -> P0_7 P1 t chn 1 -> 8 tng ng l cc chn P1_0 -> P1_7 P2 t chn 21 -> 28 tng ng l cc chn P2_0 -> P2_7 P3 t chn 10 ->17 tng ng l cc chn P3_0 -> P3_7

Ring cng 3 c 2 chc nng mi chn nh trn hnh v : P3.0 RxD : chn nhn d liu ni tip khi giao tip RS232 (COM). P3.1 TxD : phn truyn d liu ni tip khi giao tip RS232. P3.2 INT0 : interupt 0, ngt ngoi 0. P3.3 INT1 : interupt 1, ngt ngoi 1. P3.4 T0 : Timer0, u vo timer0. P3.5 T1 : Timer1, u vo Timer1. P3.6 WR : Write, iu khin ghi d liu. P3.7 RD : Read, iu khin c d liu. Chn 18, 19 ni vi thch anh to thnh mch to dao ng cho vi iu khin. Tn s thch anh thng dng trong cc ng dng l : 11.0592Mhz (Giao tip vi cng COM ca my tnh) v 12Mhz. Tn s ti a l 24Mhz. Tn s cng ln th vi iu khin x l cng nhanh.

P0 P0.0 P0.1 P0.2 P0.3 P0.4 P0.5 P0.6 P0.7

P1 P1.0 P1.1 P1.2 P1.3 P1.4 P1.5 P1.6 P1.7

P2 P2.0 P2.1 P2.2 P2.3 P2.4 P2.5 P2.6 P2.7

P3 P3.0 P3.1 P3.2 P3.3 P3.4 P3.5 P3.6 P3.7

Ports Bit D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7

Bng 2.2 : Cc cng (port) v mc xut logic tng ng


2.1. Cu trc b nh Cc vi iu khin thuc h 8051 u t chc thnh 2 khng gian chng trnh v d liu. Kin trc vi x l 8 bit ca 8051 ny cho php truy nhp v tnh ton nhanh hn i vi khng gian d liu nh vic phn chia 2 khng gian b nh chng trnh v d liu nh trn. Tuy nhin b nh ngoi c truy nhp bi h thng 16 bit a ch vn c th thc hin nh thanh ghi con tr. B nh chng trnh (ROM, EPROM) l b nh ch c, c th m rng ti a 64Kbyte. Vi h vi iu khin 89xx, b nh chng trnh c tch hp sn trong chip c kch thc nh nht l 4kByte. Vi cc vi iu khin khng tch hp sn b nh chng trnh trn chip, buc phi thit k b nh chng trnh bn ngoi. V d s dng EPROM: 2764 (64Kbyte), khi chn PSEN phi mc tch cc (5V). B nh d liu (RAM) tn ti c lp so vi b nh chng trnh. H vi iu khin 8051 c b nh d liu tch hp trn chip nh nht l 128byte v c th m rng vi b nh d liu ngoi ln ti 64kByte. Vi nhng vi iu khin khng tch hp ROM trn chip th vn c RAM trn chip l 128byte. Khi s dng RAM ngoi, CPU c v ghi d liu nh tn hiu trn cc chn RD v WR. Khi s dng c b nh chng trnh v b nh d liu bn ngoi th buc phi kt hp chn RD v PSEN bi cng logic AND phn bit tn hiu truy xut d liu trn ROM hay RAM ngoi. 2.1.1.B nh chng trnh


Hnh 2.4 : Cu trc b nh v a ch cc ngt trn b nh chng trnh

Hnh 2.4 m t cu trc b nh chng trnh. Sau khi khi ng, CPU bt u thc hin chng trnh v tr 0000H. Hnh bn phi m t a ch ngt mc nh trn b nh chng trnh. Mi khi xy ra ngt, con tr ca CPU s nhy n ng a ch ngt tng ng v thc thi chng trnh ti . V d ngt ngoi 0 s c a ch l 0003H, khi xy ra ngt ngoi 0 th con tr chng trnh s nhy n ng a ch 0003H thc thi chng trnh ti . Nu trong chng trnh ng dng khng x dng n ngt ngoi 0 th a ch 0003H vn c th dng cho mc ch khc (s dng cho b nh chng trnh). Bi vy khi lp trnh bng ngn ng Assembly, phn u chng trnh bao gi cng phi cho chng trnh nhy n a ch cao hn a ch cha cc ngt v m lnh vit cho cc ngt th phi vit ng a ch ca cc ngt tng ng.

2.1.2.B nh d liu

Hnh

2.5 : Cu trc b nh d liu trong v b nh d liu ngoi

Hnh 2.5 m t cu trc b nh d liu trong v b nh d liu ngoi ca h vi iu khin 8051. CPU s dng n cc chn RD v WR khi truy cp n b nh d liu ngoi.


Hnh 2.6 : Cu trc b nh trong Hnh 2.6 m t cu trc b nh d liu trong chip, c chia thnh 3 khi l 128 byte thp, 128 byte cao v 128 byte c bit.

Hnh 2.7 : Cu trc 128 byte thp ca b nh d liu Hnh 2.7 m t cu trc 128 byte thp ca b nh d liu ca h vi iu khin 8051. 32 byte u tin (00H-1FH) c s dng cho 4 b 8 thanh ghi R0-R7. Hai bit ca thanh ghi c bit PSW s la chn 1 trong 4 b thanh ghi m vi iu khin s dng trong khi thc thi chng trnh. Chng 2 : C s l thuyt h vi iu khin 8051

8051 cha 210 v tr bit c nh a ch trong 128 bit cha trong cc byte a ch t 20H n 2FH (16 byte x 8 bit = 128 bit) v phn cn li cha trong cc thanh ghi c bit. Ngoi ra 8051 cn c cc port xut/nhp c th nh a ch tng bit, iu ny lm n gin vic giao tip bng phn mm vi cc thit b xut/nhp n bit. Vng RAM a mc ch c 80 byte t a ch t 30H n 7FH, bn di vng ny t a ch 00H n 2FH l vng nh c th c s dng tng t. Bt k v tr nh no trong vng RAM a mc ch u c th c truy xut t do bng cch s dng cc kiu nh a ch trc tip hoc gin tip. Cng nh cc thanh ghi t R0 n R7, ta c 21 thanh ghi chc nng c bit SFR chim phn trn ca Ram ni t a ch 80H n FFH. Cn lu l khng phi tt c 128 a ch t 80H n FFH u c nh ngha m ch c 21 a ch c nh ngha.

Bng 2.3 : Bng lit k cc thanh ghi chc nng c bit F0 F7 F6 F5 F4 F3 F2 F1 E0 D0 B8 A8 99 98 90 8D 8C 8B 8A 89 88 87 83 82 81 80 E7 D7 . AF E6 D6 . AE E5 6D . AD E4 6C BC AC E3 6B BB AB E2 6A BA AA 9A 92 E1 69 B9 A9 99 91

F0 E0 68 B8 A8 98 90

Khng nh a ch tng bit 9F 9E 9D 9C 9B 97 96 95 94 93 Khng nh a ch tng bit Khng nh a ch tng bit Khng nh a ch tng bit Khng nh a ch tng bit Khng nh a ch tng bit 8F 8E 8D 8C 8B Khng nh a ch tng bit Khng nh a ch tng bit Khng nh a ch tng bit Khng nh a ch tng bit 87 86 85 84 83

8A

89

88

82

81

80

Bng 2.4 : Bng chc nng ca thanh ghi chc nng c bit SFRChng 2 : C s l thuyt h vi iu khin 8051

Thanh ghi/ Bit TMOD 7 6 5 4

K hiu GATE C/T M1 M0

Chc nng Chn model cho b nh thi 1 Bit iu khin cng. Khi c set ln 1, b nh thi ch hot ng trong khi INT1 mc cao Bit chon chc nng m hay nh thi 1= m s kin 0 = nh thi trong mt khong thi gian Bit chn ch th nht Bit chn ch th haiM1 M0 Ch Chc nng

3 2 1 0 TF1 TR1 TCON TCON.7

TCON.6 TCON.5 TCON.4

TCON.3

Ch nh thi 13 bit Ch nh 0 1 1 thi 16 bit Ch t 1 0 2 ng np li 8 bit Ch nh 1 1 3 thi chia x GATE Bit iu khin cng cho b nh thi 0 Bit chn chc nng m/nh thi cho b C/T nh thi 0 Bit chn ch th nht cho b nh thi M1 0 M0 Bit chn ch th hai cho b nh thi 0 TF1 TR0 IE1 IT1 IE0 IT0 iu khin b nh thi C trn ca b nh thi 1. C ny c set bi phn cng khi c trn, c xa TF1 bi phn mm, hoc bi phn cng khi b VXL tr ti trnh phc v ngt Bit iu khin hot ng ca b nh thi 1. Bit ny c set hoc xa bi phn TR1 mm iu khin b nh thi hot ng hay nhng TF0 C trn ca b nh thi 0 Bit iu khin hot ng ca b nh thi TR0 0 C ngt bn ngoi 1(kch khi cnh). C ny c set bi phn cng khi c cnh IE1 m xut hin trn chn INT1, c xa bi phn mm, hoc phn cng khi CPU tr ti trnh phc v ngt. C ngt bn ngoi 1 (kch khi cnh hoc 0 0 0



2.2. Mch vi iu khin c bn:

Hnh 2.8 : Mch vi iu khin c bn 2.3. Ngun ngt: Bng 2.5 : Cc ngun ngt, c v a ch vector tng ng


Ngt do Reset h thng Ngt ngoi 0 B nh thi 0 Ngt ngoi 1 B nh thi 1 Port ni tip B nh thi 2

C RST IE0 TF0 IE1 TF1 RI hoc TI TF2 hoc EXF2

a ch Vector 0000H 0003H 000BH 0013H 001BH 0023H 002BH

Hnh 2.8 : Qu trnh vn hnh ca Timer v cc ngt

CHNG 3 : M T THIT K PHN CNGChng 2 : C s l thuyt h vi iu khin 8051

3.1. S KHI H THNG 3.1.1.S khi:

Phm s d liu Khi nhpld liu Khidu d xut x (+,-,x,/) 2x16 liuVDK 89S52 (1-9) LCD Ma trn phm 4x4

Hnh 3.1 : S khi ca my tnh in t 3.1.2.Chc nng tng khi : 3.1.2.1.Khi nhp d liu: L khi c chc nng nhp d liu l cc k t s, a ra cc lnh iu khin, cc php tona n khi x l thc hin cng vic tnh ton v xut ra mn hnh hin th kt qu tnh ton.Khi ny c chia ra lm 3 nhm phm vi chc nng nh sau: Nhm phm s: Nhp d liu di dng cc k t s phc v cc php tnh i s.Nhm phm ny gm cc phm t 0-9 Nhm phm chc nng: Nhp gi tr v a ra cc php tnh i s n gin nh cng, tr, nhn, chia, a n khi x l thc hin Nhm phm iu khin: Nhp gi tr v a ra cc lnh iu khin ti khi x l nh xut kt qu. Khi nhp d liu lun trng thi ngi dng c th nhp d liu qua cc nt nhn. 3.1.1.1.Khi x l d liu : L khi quan trng nht, thc hin chc nng quan trng nht l x l d liu t khi nhp a ti, tnh ton cc php tnh, thc hin cc lnh v xut d liu hin th trn khi hin th. 3.1.1.2.Khi xut d liu Khi xut d liu c nhim v nhn d liu l cc bit nh phn qua cc chn d liu, sau kim tra n vi bng m d liu hay m lnh thc hin 1 lnh hay cho hin th ra mn hnh.Chng 2 : C s l thuyt h vi iu khin 8051


3.2. THIT K MCH NGUYN L 3.2.1. S nguyn l tng qut :

Hnh 3.2 : S nguyn l tng qut my tnh in t


3.3. GII THIU LINH KIN S DUNG TRONG THIT K 3.3.1.Ma trn phm:

Ma trn phm l mt "thit b nhp" cha cc nt nhn cho php ngi dng nhp cc ch s, ch ci hoc k hiu vo b iu khin. Keypad khng cha tt c bng m ASCII nh keyboard v v th keypad thng c tm thy trong cc thit b chuyn dng. Cc nt nhn trn cc my tnh in t cm tay l mt v d v keypad. S lng nt nhn ca mt keypad thay i ph thuc vo yu cu ng dng

Hnh 3.3 : M hnh ma trn phm 4x4 Cch b tr ma trn hng v ct l cch chung m cc ma trn phm s dng. Cng ging nh cc ma trn LED, cc nt nhn cng hng v cng ct c ni vi nhau, v th vi ma trn phm 6x6 s c tng cng 12 ng ra (6 hng v 6 ct).


Hnh 3.4 : Mch in ma trn phm 4x4 3.3.2.Vi iu khin Atmel 89S52 3.3.2.1.S chn

Hnh 3.5 : S iu khin Atmel 89S523.3.2.2.Chc nng trong thit k : Chng 2 : C s l thuyt h vi iu khin 8051

chn vi

Vi yu cu ti:Thit k my tnh in t dng 89S52 - Giao tip vi ma trn phm 6x6 v hin th trn LCD 16x2.Cc Port c s dng l: Port P0.0 P0.7 : Giao tip vi LCD 16x2 Port P2.0 P2.3 : ni vi 4 ct C0C5 ca ma trn phm xut m qut ti ma trn phm thc hin qut phm. Port P2.4 P2.7 : ni vi 4 hng H0-> H1 ca ma trn phm xut m qut ti ma trn phm thc hin qut phm 3.1.1.LCD 16x2

Hnh 3.6 : LCD 16x2

C 16 chn nh sau Bng 3.1 : Bng lit k danh sch cc chn v chc nng tng ng caLCD

Chn 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

K hiu Vss Vcc Vee RS R/W E DB0 DB1 DB2 DB3 DB4 DB5 DB6 DB7

I/O I I I I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O

M t t (Ground) Ngun dng 5 V Cp ngun iu khin phn RS=0 chn thanh ghi lnh RS=1 chn thanh ghi d liu R/W =1 : c d liu R/W =0 : Ghi d liu Cho php Cc bit d liu Cc bit d liu Cc bit d liu Cc bit d liu Cc bit d liu Cc bit d liu Cc bit d liu Cc bit d liu


Chn 15, 16 : ghi l A v K. N l anode v Katode ca 1 con LED dng sng LCD trong bng ti. Chng ta thng khng s dng. Nu mun s dng th ni chn A qua 1 in tr t 1-5K ln Vcc, chn K ni t, n s sng. Nguyn l hot ng ca LCD: Chn Vcc , Vss v Vee : Cc chn Vcc, Vss v Vee: Cp

dng ngun -5v v t tng ng th Vee c dng iu khin tng phn ca LCD. Chn chn thanh ghi RS (Register Select) : C hai thanh ghi trong LCD, chn RS (Register Select) c dng chn thanh ghi, nh sau : Nu RS=0 th thanh ghi m lnh c chn cho php ngi dng gi 1 lnh chng hn nh xa mn hnh, a con tr v u dngNu RS =1 th thanh ghi d liu c chn cho php ngi dng gi d liu cn hin th ln LCD. Chn c ghi (R/W) : u vo c/ghi cho php ngi dng ghi thng tin ln LCD khi R/W =0 hoc c thng tin t n khi R/W =1 Chn cho php E (Enable) : chn cho php E c s dng bi LCD cht d liu ca n. Khi d liu c cp ti chn d liu th mt xung mc cao xung thp phi c p ln chn ny LCD cht d liu trn cc chn d liu. Xung ny phi rng ti thiu l 450ns. Chn D0-D7 : y l 8 chn d liu 8bit, c dng gi thng tin ln LCD hoc c ni dung ca cc thanh ghi trong LCD. hin th cc ch ci v cc con s, chng ta gi cc m ASCII ca cc ch ci t A-Z, a f v cc s t 0-9 n cc chn ny khi bt RS =1. Cng c cc m lnh m c th c gi ti LCD xa mn hnh hoc a con tr v u dng hoc nhp nhy con tr. Ch : Chng ta cng s dng RS=0 kim tra bit c bn xem LCD c sn sng nhn thng tin khng. C bn l bit D7 c th c khi R/W =1 v RS=0 nh sau : Nu R/W =1, RS=0 khi D7=1 (C bn 1) th LCD bn bi cc cng vic bn trong v s khng nhn bt k thng tin mi no. Khi D7=0 th LCD sn sng nhn thng tin mi. Lu chng ta nn kim tra c bn trc khi ghi bt k d liu no ln LCD

Bng 3.2 : Bng m lnh LCD v chc nng tng ng M (Hex) Lnh n thanh ghi ca LCD 1 Xa mn hnh hin th 2 Tr v u dng 4 Gim con tr(dch sang tri) 6 Tng con tr(dch sang phi)Chng 2 : C s l thuyt h vi iu khin 8051

5 7 8 A C E F 10 14 18 1C 80 C0 38

Dch hin th sang phi Dch hin th sang tri Tt con tr, tt hin th. Tt hin th, bt con tr Bt hin th, tt con tr Bt hin th, nhp nhy con tr Tt con tr, nhp nhy con tr Dch v tr con tr sang tri Dch v tr con tr sang phi Dch ton b hin th sang tri Dch ton b hin th sang phi p con tr v u dng th nht p con tr v u dng th hai Hai dng v ma trn 5x7

iu khin LCD qua cc bc sau Bc 0 : Chun b phn cng. iu chnh bin tr 5K thay i tng phn ca LCD. Xoay cho n khi cc vung (Cc im nh) ca LCD hin ln th xoay ngc bin tr li 1 cht. Bc 1 : Khi to cho LCD Bc 2 : Gn cc gi tr cho cc bit iu khin cc chn RS, RW,EN cho ph hp vi cc ch . Hin th k t ln LCD hay thc hin lnh ca LCD Bc 3 : Xut byte d liu ra cng 8 bit d liu ca LCD. Bc 4 : Kim tra c bn xem LCD sn sng nhn d liu mi cha Bc 5 : Quay li bc 1 Bng 3.3 : Mc logic ca cc chn d liu trn LCD DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 Dng 1(min) 1 0 0 0 0 Dng 1(max) 1 0 1 0 0 Dng 2(min) 1 1 0 0 0 Dng 2 (max) 1 1 1 0 03.1. TNH TON THI CNG MCH :

DB2 0 1 0 1

DB1 0 1 0 1

DB0 0 1 0 1


3.1.1.Mch nguyn l :

Hnh 3.7 : S mch nguyn l trn Orcad Capture3.1.2.Mch in (PCB)


Hnh 3.8 : S mch in trn Orcad Layout


CHNG 4 : THIT K CHNG TRNH CHO VI IU KHIN4 Lu gii thut. 4.1.1.Lu gii thut cho khi nhp d liu (ma trn phm)**** *** * Cot0=0 Cot3=0 Cot2=0 Cot1=0 Cot0=0 or * Cc ct = 1; Cot3=0 Cot2=0 Cot1=0 Cc hng or= Cc Start hng Cot1=0 hng=1 =1 hang=1 or Cot2=0 0; Cot3=0

Vi gii thut qut c hng v ct tm ra phm c nhn.


Hnh 4.1 (a) : Lu gii thut qut cc ct ca ma trn phm


**** / *** ** Dula Du la x Sttphiml Hang3=0 Hang2=0 Hang1=0 Hang0=0 =2 C1 a0 + 9 8 7 6 5 4 3

*

Hnh 4.1 (b) : Lu gii thut qut cc hng ca ma trn phm

4.1.2.Lu gii thut cho khi hin th (LCD):Chng 2 : C s l thuyt h vi iu khin 8051

GhiStar t ln LCD 1 lnh k RS=1;RW=0 LCD t LCDPORT=m RS=0,RW=0 k t EN=1,EN=0 LCDPORT=m lnh EN=1;EN=0

Hnh 4.2 : Lu gii thut khi hin th LCD T 2 hm trn cho php thit lp cc hm x l LCD: khi to LCD, ghi 1 chui ln LCD Bng chc nng cc chn ca LCD: Bng m lnh ca LCD:

3.1.1.Lu gii thut cho khi x l (VDK):Chng 2 : C s l thuyt h vi iu khin 8051

Ghii=0= w Hienthi=sttphim+48 Lnumber=lnumb fnumber=fnumbe XaStar +th LCD KhiSwitch(dau) dauto LCD dau len kt=0 Dau=C hin dau=+ Sttphim kt=1; t sign=+ Gi th ghi k er*10+sttphim r*10+sttphim hin con tr v a hm10 10 t ln Sttphim = != LCD dng 1 Quetphim(); u ( LCDWriteData()) kt=0,i=0;

Hnh 4.3 (a) : Lu gii thut khi vi x l



Resultdau=xLCDlnumber Ghi du =lnLCD result= - > Sign=+ Sign=x Sign=- dau/fnumber dau rara = = len fnumber = dau=/x ln LCD Dng = Resulthm lnumber ln LCD lnumber Result=fnumber*lnum Result=fnumber+lnum LCD sign= kt=1, sign = x LCDWriteInt() fnumber ber kt=1, sign= / kt=0, i= 0 Ghi result ln LCD fnumber=0, kt=0, i=0 lnumber=0 fnumber=0, lnumber=0

Hnh 4.3 (b) : Lu gii thut khi vi x l


j++ i=0 , kt=0,jSodu Dev=(sodu*10)/lnumb Result=fnumber/lnumb Xa hin= !=0 Ghi du 5th ln dau=< / lnumber=0 fnumber=0, lnumber=0 LCD er V ln bo Ghi Dev ERROR len LCD LCDresult ln LCD Dev=(sodu*10)%lnum Sodu=fnumber ber %lnumber


Hnh 4.3 (c) : Lu gii thut khi vi x l

3.2. Code chng trnh. #include #include #include #define RS P3_0 #define RW P3_1 #define EN P3_2 #define LCD_PORT P0 sbit cot0=P2^0;Chng 2 : C s l thuyt h vi iu khin 8051

//RW=0 => ghi //RW=1 => doc //RS=0 => code //RS=1 => data

sbit cot1=P2^1; sbit cot2=P2^2; sbit cot3=P2^3; sbit hang0=P2^4; sbit hang1=P2^5; sbit hang2=P2^6; sbit hang3=P2^7; int sttphim; unsigned char dau; \***************************Cac hm x l LCD************************/ void wait(void) { long n = 0; EN=1;// Dua chan cho fep len cao RS=0;// Chon thanh ghi lenh RW=1;// Doc tu LCD LCD_PORT=0xFF;// Gia tri 0xFF while(1){n++; if(n>100) break;}// Kiem tra co ban // Neu ban dem n den 100 roi thoat khoi while EN=0;// Dua xung cao xuong thap de chot RW=0;// Doc tu LCD } void delay(long time) /* ham delay */ { long n; for(n=0;n

bao cao do an mon hoc 1

Documents