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Bo co thc tp tt nghip Cao ng

CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAMc lp T Do Hnh Phc

PHIU GIAO NHIM V THC TP

Loi thc tp: Cao ng.Lp: B3T1. H o to: Chnh quy.Thc tp ti: Cng ty TNHH Cng ngh & Thng mi VCOM.Thi gian thc tp t ngy: 22/11/2010 n 15/12/2010.

Ngy chnh thc nhn ti thc tp: 22/11/2010.Ngy hon thnh bo co thc tp: 26/12/2010

Sinh vin: Trn Vn Nam.S in thoi: 0977802289.a ch lin lc khi cn thit: Dng Lit Yn Phong Bc Ninh.

Gio vin hng dn: Thc s: Nguyn ng Lm.Thy: Trng Vn Mc.

S in thoi: 01235732898 (thy mc)n v cng tc: Trng Cao ng Cng Ngh Bc H.

Ni dung thc tp:1. Thi gian: 8 ting/ngy.2. ti thc tp v yu cu v chuyn mn:- ti thc tp: sa cha, lp rp v ci t my tnh.3. Bo co kt qu thc hin:

Sau thi gian thc tp ti cng ty TNHH Cng Ngh & Thng Mi VCOM,em hon thnh tt nhim v thc tp do n v thc tp giao cho: sa cha, lp rpv ci t my tnh. Nghin cu s hot ng ca mainboard, cch o v kim tra mtmainboard xc nh h hng, nghin cu c bn v CPU v cc thng s c bnca n, . ng thi hc hi c nhng kinh nghim t thc t, nm c mt skin thc c bn hon thnh tt bi bo co thc tp.

SV: Trn Vn Nam Lp B3T1 - 1 -


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MC LC

1. PHIU GIAO NHIM V THC TP .... 12. MC LC ...... 23. LI M U .... 34. GII THIU V CNG TY TNHH CNG NGH & TM VCOM . 45. NI DUNG THC TP 5

Chng I: Thnh phn ca my tnh... 5I. Thit b ni vi .... 5II. Thit b ngoi vi .7

Chng II: Lp rp, bo tr v ci t my tnh . 8I. Chun b .....8

II. Cc bc lp rp 8III. u ni cc thit b ngoi vi 13

IV. Khi ng v kim tra .13V. Bo tr phn cng .13

VI. Ci t my tnh13Chng III: cch o v kim tra mt mainboard xc nh h hng ..14

I. Cm ngun vo mainboard v o( cha kch ngun) ..14II. Kch ngun....14

III. Kch ngun, qut quay, khng boot, khng ln hnh ...15Chng IV: Nghin cu c bn v CPU v thng s c bn ca n .18

I. Chc nng ca CPU .18

II. Cu to ca CPU ..18III. Cc thng s c bn ca CPU . 206. LI CM N .....237. NHN XT CA N V THC TP ...8. NH GI, NHN XT CA GIO VIN HNG DN ..24



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Li M u.

Trong khong my nm tr v trc my tnh cn rt xa l vi chng ta vkhi ngnh Cng Ngh Thng Tin vn cha c ph bin rng ri nc ta.

Hin nay Cng Ngh Thng Tin ang dn tr nn ph cp rng ri v ngycng pht trin trong tt c cc ngnh ngh v c trong mi trng o to.

c mt chic my tnh c th s dng c th chng ta cn phi bit sacha, lp rp v ci t cho my tnh. Thy c tm quan trong nh vy ti chn ti ny vi mong mun ph bin phn no kin thc c bn v phncng my tnh gip cc bn mi bt u Tin Hc c iu kin hiu bit hn v mytnh.

Trong bi bo co ny c th cn nhiu thiu st do em cn thiu kinhnghim v kin thc cn nhiu hn ch, knh mong cc thy, c gp bi boco thc tp ca em c hon thin hn.



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GII THIU V CNG TY TNHH CNG NGH & THNG MI VCOM.

1. Gii thiu chung.Tn n v: Cng ty TNHH Cng Ngh & Thng mi VCOM.a ch: S 2 Ngch 31 Ng 131 Thi H - ng a - H Ni.in thoi: 04. 22 133 136 - 04. 6276 8526.Mail: [email protected]: 0989 113 116

2. T chc v hot ng ca cng ty VCOM. Gim c cng ty TNHH cng ngh & thng mi VCOM: Th C. Cng ty TNHH cng ngh & thng mi VCOM thnh lp nm 2005, hot ng

trong lnh vc bn my tnh thng qua mng internet, ng thi lp rp v sa chamy tnh. Bc u hot ng, cng ty ch yu bn my tnh v ph kin cc thit bvn phng. B phn lp rp v sa cha my tnh vi trnh tay ngh cao toc uy tn i vi khch hng gp phn thc y cng ty thm vng mnh.3. Tinh thn v thi lm vic ca cn b, nhn vin trong cng ty.

Mi trng lm vic nghim tc, tun th mi quy nh ca cng ty t ra. Cnb, nhn vin trong cng ty u i lm ng gi, c phong cch lm vic si ni,hng hi, nhit tnh, lun gip nhau trong cng vic. Thi v cch ng x cami thnh vin trong cng ty l b mt ca cng ty. V vy ban lnh o trong cng tythng nhc nh tc phong ca tt c nhn vin khi n cng ty lm vic, to c uytn n vi khch hng. Mi tun ban lnh o cng ty u c bn k hoch ring chotng b phn, tng nhn vin. Cui tun mi thnh vin phi np bo co v tin cng vic m mnh c giao u tun. Hng thng ban lnh o thng t chc hp rt kinh nghim nhng vic ny sinh trong thi gian qua, nhng cng vic lmc, cha lm c v trin khai k hoch thi gian ti, cc bin php lm sao chohiu qu cng vic t c tt nht.4. Trang thit b.

Cng ty VCOM c trang b mt h thng c s vt cht k thut hin i,cu hnh cc loi my tnh cao.

+ Phng lm vic dnh ring cho cc b phn + Mng internet (truy cp vi tc cao) + Mng LAN

mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]


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NI DUNG THC TP.

Chng 1: THNH PHN CA MY TNH

I. Thit b ni vi.

1. Case.Cng dng: Thng my l gi gn cc

b phn khc ca my v bo v cc thit bkhi b tc ng bi mi trng.

Hnh 1. Case2. Power (B ngun).Cng dng: l thit b chuyn in xoay chiuthnh in 1 chiu cung cp cho cc b phn

phn cng vi nhiu hiu in th khc nhau. Bngun thng i km vi v my.

Hnh 2.Power (Ngun)3. Bng mch ch (Mainboard).Cng dng: L thit b trung gian gn kt tt c

cc thit b phn cng khc ca my. Nhn dng:l bng mch to nht gn trong thng myHnh 3. Mainboard

4. H DD ( a cng)



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Cng dng: a cng l b nh ngoi quan trng nht ca my tnh. N c nhim vlu tr h iu hnh, cc phn mm ng dng v cc d liu ca ngi s dng.

Hnh 4. HDD

5. RAM (Random Access Memory) - B nh truy xut ngu nhin

Cng dng: Lu tr nhng ch lnh caCPU, nhng ng dng ang hot ng, nhngd liu m CPU cn ...

Hnh 5.RAM

6. CPU & Qut CPU. - B vi x l, n v x l trung tm. CPU vit tt t Center Processor Unit

Hnh 6. CPU Fan Hnh 7. CPU (socket 775)

7. ODD ( CD or DVD). - C tc dng c a quang.



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Hnh 8. ODD ( CD or DVD)

8. Cable ngun HDD, CD & DVD, cable SATA

- C tc dng truyn d liu or in p volinh kin

Hnh 9. Cable

II. Thit b ngoi vi.

1. Mouse (Chut)

- Chut l thit b ngoi vi gip chng ta s

dng PC 1 cch r rng v nhanh chng hn.Chut khng th thay th hon ton cho bn

phm nhng h tr cho bn phm.

Hnh 10. Mouse (Chut)



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2.Keyboard (Bn phm)

- Bn phm l 1 thit b ngoi vi khng th thiuc vi mi my tnh. My tnh c th khnghot ng c nu thiu n.- Bn phm dng nhp d liu vo trong PC

Hnh 11. Keyboard

3.Monitor (Mnhnh)

- Mn hnh c tc dng hin th d liu

ra bn ngoi gip ngi s dng my tnh

c th lm vic c vi my tnh

Hnh 12. Monitor

Chng 2: LP RP, BO TR & CI T MY TNH

I. Chun b.- Chun b y cc linh kin- Chun b cc dng c nh Tuavit, Kim, .II. Cc bc lp rp.

- Nguyn l: Lp nhng thit b n gin trc, lp t trong ra ngoi.1. Gn CPU vo main.

- D cn gt ca socket trong mainboard ln cao- Nhn vo pha chn cm ca CPU xc nh c v tr lm trng vi socket.



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- t CPU vo gi ca socket, khi CPU lt hn xung v p st vi socket thy cn gt xung.

2. Gn qut gii nhit cho CPU:



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- a qut vo v tr gi qut bao quanhsocket trn main. Nhn u tay qut ltxung gi

- Lp qut vo ng v tr (ch n cht caqut xung khi nghe c ting tch l c).- Cm dy ngun cho qut vo chn cm ck hiu FAN trn main.

3. Gn RAM vo Main:- Phi xc nh khe RAM trn main ldng loi RAM no v phi m bo tnhtng thch, nu khng bn s lm gyRAM.

- M hai cn gt khe RAM ra 2 pha, athanh RAM vo khe, nhn u tay nkhi 2 cn gt t mp vo v gi ly thanhRAM

- Lu : Khi mun m ra th ly tay y2 cn gt ra 2 pha, RAM s bt ln.



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- Ta a t t ngun vo thng my sao cho bngun khng va chm vo linh kin trn main sau bt cht cc c gi.

7. Lp CD-ROM:- M np nha pha trn ca mt trc Case

- y nh CD t ngoi vo, vn t 2 bn c nh vi Case.- Ni dy cp d liu vi IDE trn main. C th dng chung dy vi cng nhng

phi thit lp cng l Master, CD l Slave bng jumper trn c 2 ny.- Trong trng hp dng 2 CD, cng phi xc lp jump trn c 2 gip h iu

hnh nhn dng chnh, ph.

8. Gn dy cng tc ca Case.

- Xc nh ng k hiu, ng v tr gn cc dy cng tc ngun, cng tc khing li, n bo ngun, n bo cng.- Nhn k nhng k hin trn hng chn cm dy ngun, cm tng dy mt v phichc chn bn cm ng k hiu. Nu khng my s khng khi ng c v n tnhiu pha trc khng bo ng.



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Cc k hiu trn main:- MSG, hoc PW LED, hoc POWER LED ni vidy POWER LED - dy tn hiu ca n ngun mu

xanh ca Case.- HD, hoc HDD LED ni vi dy HDD LED - dytn hiu ca n bo cng ang truy xut d liu.- PW, hoc PW SW, hoc POWER SW, hocPOWER ON ni vi dy POWER SW - dy cng tcngun trn Case.- RES, hoc RES SW, hoc RESET SW ni vi dyRESET - dy cng tc khi ng li trn Case.SPEAKER - ni vi dy SPEAKER - dy tn hiu

ca loa trn thng my.

9.Ni dy cho cng USB ca thng my.



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- i vi mt s thng my c cng USB mt trc to s tin li cho ngis dng. cng USB ny hot ng bn phi gn dy ni t thng my vimainboard thng qua u cm bn trong mainboard c k hiu USB.10. Kim tra ln cui.- Kim tra ln cui cc thit b gn vo thng my gn ng v tr, dy dliu v ngun cha.- Buc c nh nhng dy cp cho khng gian bn trong thng my thong mt toiu kin cho qut CPU gii nhit tt gip my hot ng hiu qu hn- Trnh trng hp cc dy ngun, cp d liu va vo qut lm hng qut trong qutrnh hot ng v c th gy chy CPU do khng gii nhit c- ng np 2 bn lng thng my v vn vt c nh.

III. u ni cc thit b ngoi vi- y l bc kt ni cc dy cp ca cc thit b bn ngoi vi cc cng pha sau

mainboard.- Cm dy ngun vo b ngun- Cm dy d liu ca mn hnh vo card mn hnh (VGA Card) - cng mu xanh.- Cm bn phm vo cng PS/2 mu tm hoc USB ty loi bn phm.- Cm chut vo cng PS/2 mu xanh m hoc USB ty loi chut.

IV. Khi ng v kim tra:- Nhn nt Power khi ng v kim tra- Nu khi khi ng my pht 1 ting bip chng t phn cng bn lp vo hot

ng c- Nu c nhiu ting bp lin tc th kim tra tt c cc thit b gn vo ng v

tr, cha.V. Bo tr phn cng:

- m bo my ca bn lun hot ng tt th bn cn phi duy tr thao tc botr, bo dng nh k.-Tho g cc thit b theo trnh t ngc li vi trnh t lp rp trn.- Lau chi cc thit b bng bn chi, c, khn ... m bo cc thit b khng b bi

bm nhiu lm gim kh nng gii nhit gy chy thit b.- Chi sch cc khe cm RAM, PCI, AGP ... tng kh nng tip xc vi cc thit

b.

VI. Ci t my tnh.Sau khi lp rp xong phn cng my tnh, s dng c ta cn phi ci t phnmm ng dng cho my nh:

- Phn mm cho h thng: Ci t h iu hnh windown, ci driver cho h iuhnh,

- Phn mm ng dng: Microsoft office 2003, vietkey2000, Autocard 2004, .



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Chng 3: CCH O MT MAINBOARD XC NHH HNG

I .Cm ngun vo main v o (cha kch ngun u nh):1. Dy tm phi 5V: thiu th phi kim tra b ngun ri coi OK cha, nu ngun

ri OK m cm vo main b st p th coi chng chm ti u : thng l ChipNAM, LAN, Sound, SIO2. Dy xanh l phi c 5V (hoc 2v5 n ~5v) : chn ny khng quan trng nhngnu cm ngun vo m khng c 5V th ta kim tra li ngun. V n = 0V th ngun

phi chy, m cha kch cng tc m ngun chy th Li t kch ngun.3. Chn A14 khe PCI phi c 3V3:

y l chn ngun cp trc 3v3 cho chipset Nam, mt 3v3 ny th chip Nam khnghot ng v chc chng s khng kch c ngun. Mt 3V3 ny thng do cht IC1117 hoc chm, cht chip Nam.

4. Chn kch ngun ps_on phi c 5V:

Khi c 3v3, thch anh 32Mhz OK th chip Nam s cp trc tip (hoc thng quaSIO) 5V kch cho 1 chn ca nt cng tt (cu ra mt thng CPU) PS_ON. Mt 5Vkch ny thng do li SIO hoc chip Nam.

II. Kch ngun: Kch khng c ngun th kim k li cc bc trn v t ktlun main b h hng phn no



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III. Kch ngun, qut quay, my khng boot, khng ln hnh, o tip:

1. o Ngun RAM:DDR1: Chn s 7 hoc chn 143 nh hnh phi c 2V5:

DDR2: Phi c 1V8

DDR3: Chn 51 phi c 1V5



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Nu mt ngun RAM thng do cht FET hoc cht IC giao ng ngun RAM.2. o ngun BUS RAM (VTT) phi c 1V25 cho DDR1

- Mt ngun Bus Ram dn n: khng cm RAM th ku tit tit, cm RAM vo im renhng cng khng chy (nh dng li chip Bc).

- Nu khng c dy in tr th o chn 2, 4, 6 ca DDR1.

3. Ngun chipset (c khi chung ngun AGP/PCIx):o chn S cc mosfet cng sut khu vc gia 2 chipset phi c 1V5.



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- Nu mt ngun ny khi kch ngun chipset lp tc nng ran (thm ch nng n chtchipset).

4. Ngun Vcore cp cho CPU:o ti chn cc cun dy ging nhau xung socket gn CPU: phi c t 1v1 ~ 1v8



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Mt ngun ny CPU s lnh tanh v chc chn mainboard khng chy.

Chng 4: NGHIN CU C BN V CPU V CCTHNG S C BN CA N.

I Chc nng ca CPUCPU vit tt ca ch Central Processing Unit (ting Anh), tm dch l n v x ltrung tm. CPU c th c xem nh no b, mt trong nhng phn t ct li nhtca my vi tnh. Nhim v chnh ca CPU l x l cc chng trnh vi tnh v dkin. CPU c nhiu kiu dng khc nhau. hnh thc n gin nht, CPU l mt conchip vi vi chc chn. Phc tp hn, CPU c rp sn trong cc b mch vi hngtrm con chip khc. CPU l mt mch x l d liu theo chng trnh c thit lptrc. N l mt mch tch hp phc tp gm hng triu transistor

II Cu to ca CPU

CPU c 3 khi chnh l :



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B iu khin ( Control Unit )L cc vi x l c nhim v thng dch cc lnh cachng trnh v iu khin hot ng x l,c iu tit chnh xc bi xung nhpng h h thng. Mch xung nhp ng h h thng dng ng b cc thao tc xl trong v ngoi CPU theo cc khong thi gian khng i.Khong thi gian ch giahai xung gi l chu k xung nhp.Tc theo xung nhp h thng to ra cc xungtn hiu chun thi gian gi l tc xung nhp tc ng h tnh bng triu nv mi giy-Mhz. Thanh ghi l phn t nh tm trong b vi x l dng lu d liu va ch nh trong my khi ang thc hin tc v vi chng.

B s hc-logic (ALU-Arithmetic Logic Unit)C chc nng thc hin cc lnh can v iu khin v x l tn hiu. Theo tn gi,n v ny dng thc hin cc

php tnh s hc( +,-,*,/ )hay cc php tnh logic (so snh ln hn,nh hn)Thanh ghi ( Register )Thanh ghi c nhim v ghi m lnh trc khi x l v ghi ktqu sau khi x l

III Cc thng s k thut ca CPU



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1. Tc ca CPU: Tc x l ca my tnh ph thuc vo tc ca CPU,nhng n cng ph thuc vo cc phn khc (nh b nh trong, RAM, hay bo mch ha).C nhiu cng ngh lm tng tc x l ca CPU. V d cng ngh Core 2Duo.Tc CPU c lin h vi tn s ng h lm vic ca n (tnh bng cc n vnh MHz, GHz, ). i vi cc CPU cng loi tn s ny cng caoth tc x l cng tng. i vi CPU khc loi, th iu ny cha chc ng; vd CPU Core 2 Duo c tn s 2,6GHz c th x l d liu nhanh hn CPU 3,4GHzmt nhn. Tc CPU cn ph thuc vo b nh m ca n, v nh Intel Core 2Duo s dng chung cache L2 (shared cache) gip cho tc x l ca h thng 2nhn mi ny nhanh hn so vi h thng 2 nhn th h 1 ( Intel Core Duo v IntelPentium D) vi mi core tng cache L2 ring bit. (B nh m dng lu cc lnhhay dng, gip cho vic nhp d liu x l nhanh hn). Hin nay cng ngh sn xutCPU lm cng ngh 65nm.Hin c loi CPU Quad-Core (4 nhn). Hng AMD cho ra cng ngh gm 2 b

x l, mi b 2-4 nhn.2. Tc BUS ca CPU ( FSB Front Side Bus )

FSB Front Side Bus l g ?FSB L tc truyn ti d liura vo CPU hay l tc dliu chy qua chn ca CPU.Trong mt h thng th tc Bus ca CPU phi bng vi tc

Bus ca Chipset bc, tuy nhintc Bus ca CPU l duy nhtnhngChipset bc c th h tr t hain ba tc FSB dng chp Pen2 v Pen3 thFSB c cc tc 66MHz,100MHz v133MHz

dng chp Pen4 FSB c cc tc l 400MHz, 533MHz,800MHz, 1066MHz, 1333MHzv 1600MHz

3. B nh Cache.



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Cache: Vng nh m CPU dng lu cc phn ca chng trnh, cc ti liu spc s dng. Khi cn, CPU s tm thng tin trn cache trc khi tm trn b nhchnh.Cache L1: Integrated cache (cache tch hp) cache c hp nht ngay trn CPU.Cache tch hp tng tc CPU do thng tin truyn n v truyn i t cache nhanhhn l phi chy qua bus h thng. Cc nh ch to thng gi cache ny l on-diecache. Cache L1 cache chnh ca CPU. CPU trc ht tm thng tin cn thit cache ny.Cache L2:Cache th cp. Thng tin tip tc c tm trn cache L2 nu khng tmthy trn cache L1. Cache L2 c tc thp hn cache L1 v cao hn tc ca ccchip nh (memory chip). Trong mt s trng hp (nh Pentium Pro), cache L2 cngl cache tch hp.

3.1. Pentium v Celeron

- Pentium l Chip c thit k chy cho cc ng dng mnh nh x l ho,Video, Game 3D v v Chip Pentium c b nhCache ln hn v vy lm tng hiusut lm vic ca n- Celeron:L dng chp rt gn ca Pentium nhm h gi thnh, s Transistor trong Celeron thn v b nh Cache nh hn, Celeron c thit k chy cho cc ng dng nhnh ng dng Vn phng, duyt Web v vSo snh chp Pentium vi Celeron- Khi chy cc ng dng nh nh vn phng, duyt web th tc caPentium v Celeron gn nh tng ng( nu hai Chip c cng MHz), nhng khichy cc ng dng mnh nh x l ho, game, video th Pentium c c nhanh gp t 1,5 n 2 ln .

3.2. Gii thch cc thng s k thut ca CPU ghi trn bo gi cc cng ty mytnh

sSpec Number SLA94 S sn phmCPU Speed 2.40 GHz Tc x l ca CPU *PCG 06 H thng tn nhit, qut

Bus Speed 800 MHz Tc BUS ca CPU hay tc FSB *Bus/Core Ratio 12

T l gia tc CPU v BUS hthng

L2 Cache Size 2 MB Dung lng b nh Cache L2 *L2 Cache Speed 2.4 GHz Tc truy xut b nh Cache L2Package Type LGA775 Kiu ng gi 775 chn Soket 775 *



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ManufacturingTechnology

65 nm Cng ngh sn xut chp

Core Stepping M0Cc mc nh du s pht trin canhn CPU

CPUID String 06FDh Chui k t m Hexa xc nh ctnh ca CPUThermal DesignPower

65W Cng sut thit k nhit

Thermal Specification 73.3C

Nhit cho php, qu mc nhittrn CPU cthngng hot ng

Trong cc thng s k thut trn th cc thng s Tc CPU, tc Bus

FSB, dung lng cache L2, v kiu ng gi ( mc du * ) l quan trngnht m bn cn phi quan tm khi mua Chip.



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LI CM N.L mt sinh vin Trng Cao ng Cng Ngh Bc H, khoa in in

T. Trong thi gian i thc tp va qua tuy c gp phi mt s kh khn nhng cs hng dn tn tnh ca cc thy: Nguyn ng Lm, Trng Vn Mc, s gip ca KTV Phng Quc Khnh v cc thnh vin trong cng ty, cng vi nhiungun ti liu khc m Em c th hon thnh tt c bi bo co ny, cng nhhc hi v rt ra c nhng kinh nghim qu bu t thc t cho bn thn. Nhngvn trong bi bo co ny c th cn nhiu thiu st do em cn thiu kinh nghimv kin thc cn nhiu hn ch, knh mong cc thy, c gp bi bo co thc tpca em c hon thin hn.

Em xin chn thnh cm n!



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NHN XT, NH GI CA GIO VIN HNG DN

Nhn xt: ..

nh gi cho im: ...- Bng s: ..- Bng ch:

Bc Ninh, Ngythngnm 2010.GIO VIN HNG DN NH GI



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