PHN NHM VIIIB

Fest Cocobal Niniken

RuRhuteni RhRhodi PdPaladi

OsOsmi IrIridi PtPlatini

Mc tiu

Xc nh c v tr, c im cu trc electron ca cc kl trong nhm, n lin quan nh th no n nguyn t,phn t

Cc n cht, hp cht ca nhm VIIIB c tnh cht c bn no, da vo c s l thuyt gii thch nhng tnh cht

Mt s ng dng v vai tr sinh hc ca n cht cng nh hp cht trong nhm

1. Cu trc in t v c im lin kt

Cc nguyn t

Phn nhm VIIIB c

1. Cc vn o ha tr ns2(n-1)d6-8 cha cc e ha tr

2. Cc vn o ha tr (n-1)d cha e ha tr ( trng thi qu bn bo ha)

3. Thuc cc nguyn t d mun

1. Cu trc in t v c im lin kt

Fe, Co, Ni

B ba th 1 ca nhm VIIIB (3d)

Cu hnh e ha tr

Fe : 3d64s2 d mt e, v u l

Co : 3d74s2 kim loi hot ng

Ni : 3d84s2

S oxh thng gp: Fe,Co :+2,+3

Ni : +2

2. Phn ng vi phi kim

6Fe + 4O2 2Fe2O3.FeO

4Fe + 3O2 + 2xH2O 2Fe2O3.xH2O

3Fe + 2O2 Fe3O4

M + S MS

2Fe + 3X2 2FeX3

3. Phn ng vi acid

M + H2SO4 MSO4 + H2

Fe + H2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 + SO2 + H2O

3Ni + 8HNO3 3Ni(NO3)2 + 2NO + 4 H2O

Fe + 4HNO3 Fe (NO3)3 + NO + 2H2O

4. Hp cht hydroxid

4Fe(OH)2 + O2 + 2H2O 4Fe(OH)3

2Co(OH)3 + 6HCl CoCl2 + Cl2 +6H2O

Fe (OH)3 + 3HCl FeCl3 + 3H2O

5. Mt s phc kim loi ca h st

Fe(CO)5, cht lng, mu vng, t0

nc -20

Lai ha trong dsp3 , nghch t

3d8 4s 4p

5. Mt s phc kim loi ca h st

Co(CO)4

Lai ha sp3 ,cu trc t din, thun t

[Co(H2O)6]2+ + 4Cl- = [CoCl4]

2- + 6H2O

hng Xanh

3d9 4s 4p

5. Mt s phc kim loi ca h st

[Fe(CN)6]3-

CN- phi t trng mnh, d2sp3 , Cu trc bt din, thun t

3d5 4s0 4p0

Fe3+

6. Trng thi thin nhin

St tn ti trong thin nhin di dng qung

- hematit Fe2O3 cha 60% Fe

- manhetit (Fe3O4) cha 72% Fe

- xiderit (FeCO3) v limonit FeO(OH)

- pirit (FeS2) cha 35% Fe.

Coban v niken c trong cc qung CoS2, CoAsS, NiAs, (Fe,Ni)9

7. ng dng v vai tr ca st

St, coban, niken to nn nhiu hp kim quan trng c ng dng to ln trong k thut. ty thuc vo lng carbon trong st ngi ta chia ra

- st mm (

7. ng dng v vai tr ca st

St l nguyn t c bit cn thit i vi s sng. Trong tt c cc t bo ng vt u c cha st di dng lin kt vi cc hp cht hu c cng nh dng ion.

Hemoglobin trong mu gm globin v protein c khi lng phn t ln lin kt vi hem cha Fe2+ dng phc vi porphyrin. Hemoglobin gi vai tr vn chuyn oxy t phi n cc m.

7. ng dng v vai tr ca st

Ion st cn c mt trong mt s enzym oxy ha kh. Cc cytochrom v cc enzym ca chui h hp ng vt c cha ion st dng kh (Fe2+) v dng oxy ha (Fe3+). S thay i oxy ha ca ion st l c s ca chc nng xc tc ca cc cht trn trong qu trnh oxy ha thc n trong c th.

Ferocen hay bicyclopentadienyl st (Fe(C5H5)2) c dng lm cht xc tc trong tng hp v c v hu c, dng lm thuc cha bnh thiu mu.

Vitamin B12 l phc cht ca coban.