TNG QUAN V MICROSOFT EXCEL

Bi 1

LM QUEN VI BNG TNH

1.1. Gii thiu Excel1.1.1. Excel l g? icrosoft Excel l mt phn mm hay l mt chng trnh ng dng, m khi chy chng trnh ng dng ny s to ra mt bng tnh v bng tnh ny gip ta d dng hn trong vic thc hin: Tnh ton i s, phn tch d liu Lp bng biu bo co, t chc danh sch Truy cp cc ngun d liu khc nhau V th v cc s T ng ha cc cng vic bng cc macro V nhiu ng dng khc gip chng ta c th phn tch nhiu loi hnh bi ton khc nhau. Workbook: Trong Excel, mt workbook l mt tp tin m trn bn lm vic (tnh ton, v th, ) v lu tr d liu. V mi workbook c th cha nhiu sheet (bng tnh), do vy bn c th t chc, lu tr nhiu loi thng tin c lin quan vi nhau ch trong mt tp tin (file). Mt workbook cha rt nhiu worksheet hay chart sheet ty thuc vo b nh my tnh ca bn. Worksheet: Cn gi tt l sheet, l ni lu tr v lm vic vi d liu, n cn c gi l bng tnh. Mt worksheet cha nhiu (cell), cc c t chc thnh cc ct v cc dng. Worksheet c cha trong workbook. Mt Worksheet cha c 16,384 ct v 1,048,576 dng (phin bn c ch cha c 256 ct v 65,536 dng). Chart sheet: Cng l mt sheet trong workbook, nhng n ch cha mt th. Mt chart sheet rt hu ch khi bn mun xem ring l tng th. Sheet tabs: Tn ca cc sheet s th hin trn cc ngn (tab) t ti gc tri di ca ca s workbook. di chuyn t sheet ny sang sheet khc ta ch vic nhp chut vo tn sheet cn n trong thanh sheet tab. Excel 2007 dng nh dng tp tin mc nh l .XLSX (da trn chun XML gip vic trao i d liu gia cc ng dng c d dng hn) thay cho nh dng chun trc y l .XLS.

M

Trang 1

TNG QUAN V MICROSOFT EXCELHp tn cc vng hay Nt lnh Office Thanh lnh truy cp nhanh Thanh tiu hin hnh Danh mc Thanh nt lnh chia cng thc theo nhm Phng to/ thu ng nh ca s ca s Excel Phng to/ thu nh ca s lm vic Thot Excel

Thanh trng thi

B nt iu hng gia cc sheet

Cc sheet

Cc dng

Cc ct

Cc kiu hin th trang

Thanh cun ngang

Phng to, thu nh

Thanh cun dc

Hnh 1.2. Giao din Excel v cc thnh phn. Nt lnh Office cha cc lnh rt thng hay s dng nh to tp tin mi,

m tp tin, lu tp tin, v danh mc cc tp tin m trc . Nt lnh Office ging nh thc n File ca cc phin bn trc. (Xem hnh 1.3) Chng ta c th ch bin thanh cc lnh truy cp nhanh cha cc lnh m ta hay s dng nht. Nhn vo m danh mc cc lnh v vo cc lnh cn cho hin ln thanh lnh truy cp nhanh. Nu ch cc nt lnh y cn qu t bn c th nhn chn More Commands m ca s iu ch thanh lnh truy cp nhanh. (Xem hnh 1.3 v 1.4)

Trang 2

Hnh 1.3. Cc lnh trong thc n Office v bng la chn lnh truy cp nhanh

Hnh 1.4. Hp thoi ch bin thanh cc lnh truy cp nhanh 1.1.2. Ribbon l g?

R

ibbon: Excel 2007 thay i giao din ngi dng t vic s dng cc thanh thc n truyn thng thnh cc cm lnh d dng truy cp c trnh by ngay trn mn hnh gi l Ribbon. C cc nhm Ribbon chnh: Home, Insert, Page Layout, Formulas, Data, Reviews, View, Developer, Add-Ins.

Hnh 1.5. Thanh cng c Ribbon Khi bn tr chut vo Home: L ni cha cc nt lnh c s dng nt lnh no trn thng xuyn trong qu trnh lm vic nh: ct, dn, Ribbon, bn s thy sao chp, nh dng ti liu, cc kiu mu c sn, xut hin thng tin v chn hay xa dng hoc ct, sp xp, tm kim, lc nt lnh , bo cho d liu, bn bit cng dng Insert: Chn cc loi i tng vo bng tnh nh: ca nt lnh ang bng biu, v s , th, k hiu, mun s dng. Khi mun s dng nt Page Layout: Cha cc nt lnh v vic hin th lnh bn hy nhp bng tnh v thit lp in n. tri chut vo nt Formulas: Chn cng thc, t tn vng (range), cng c kim tra theo di cng thc, iu khin vic tnh ton ca Excel.

Data: Cc nt lnh thao i vi d liu trong v ngoi Excel, cc danh sch, phn tch d liu, Review: Cc nt lnh kim li chnh t, h tr dch t, thm ch thch vo cc , cc thit lp bo v bng tnh. View: Thit lp cc ch hin th ca bng tnh nh: phng to, thu nh, chia mn hnh, Developer: Ngn ny mc nh c n v n ch hu dng cho cc lp trnh vin, nhng ngi c hiu bit v VBA. m nhm ny nhn vo nt Office Excel Options Popular Chn Show Developer tab in the Ribbon. Add-Ins: Ngn ny ch xut hin khi Excel m mt tp tin c s dng cc tin ch b sung, cc hm b sung, S dng thc n ng cnh (shortcut menu) Khi mun thc hin mt thao tc no trn i tng (, vng, bng biu, th, hnh v) trong bng tnh, bn hy nhp phi chut ln i tng . Lp tc mt thanh thc n hin ra cha cc lnh thng dng c th hiu chnh hay p dng cho i tng m bn chn.

Thanh thc n nh pha trn thanh thc n ng cnh nu thy khng cn thit bn c th tt i:Nhp nt Office Excel Popular B chn Show Mini Toolbar on selection Optio

Hnh 1.6. Thc n ng cnh.

1.2. M Excel, ng Excel, phng to, thu nh ca s1.2.1. M Excel Thao tc: B1. T mn hnh (ca s) chnh ca Windows nhp chut nt Start gc di bn tri B2. Di chuyn chut ln trn n ch All Programs, ri di chuyn chut sang phi chn Microsoft Office, sau di chuyn chut n ch Microsoft Office Excel 2007 th dng li. B3. Nhp chut vo biu tng khi ng Excel.

Hnh 1.7. Cc bc khi ng Microsoft Excel 1.2.2. Phng to, thu nh ca s ExcelThu nh Phng to ng

Hnh 1.8. Cc nt iu khin ca s Excel Thu nh ca s Excel Thao tc: Thao tc ny ch thc hin c khi ca s ang m to Nhp chut chut vo nt gc trn cng bn phi. Khi ca s Excel s c thu gn li thnh mt biu tng trn thanh Taskbar ca Windows bn cnh nt Start. Phng to ca s Excel Thao tc: Thao tc ny ch thc hin c khi ca s ang b thu nh Nhp chut vo biu tng thu gn ca Excel trn thanh Taskbar bn pha di mn hnh. 1.2.3. Thot khi Excel Thao tc: Nhp chut vo nt gc trn cng bn phi thot khi Excel. Hoc cng c th thot Excel bng cch nhn nt Office chn Exit Excel.

1.3. Di chuyn trong bng tnh v s dng phm tt

Bn c th dng chut, cc phm , thanh cun dc, thanh cun ngang, sheet tab, cc t hp phm tt di chuyn qua li gia cc sheet hay i n cc ni bt k trong bng tnh. 1.3.1. Thanh cun dc, thanh cun ngang

T

hanh cun dc v thanh cun ngang c gi chung l cc thanh cun (scroll bars). Bi v mn hnh Excel ch c th hin th (cho xem) mt phn ca bng tnh ang thao tc, nn ta phi dng thanh cun dc xem phn bn trn hay bn di bng tnh v dng thanh cun ngang xem phn bn tri hay bn phi ca bng tnh. Thanh cun dc l thanh di nht, nm dc bn l phi; hai u c hai mi tn ln v mi tn xung; gia c thanh trt cun mn hnh ln xung.

Thanh cun ngang l thanh nm ngang, th hai t di mn hnh m ln. C hnh dng ging thanh cun dc, ch khc l nm ngang.

Thao tc: Nhp chut vo mi tn sang tri cun mn hnh i sang tri. Nhp chut vo mi tn sang phi cun mn hnh sang phi. 1.3.2. Thanh Sheet tab

di chuyn qua li gia cc sheet ta nhp chut ln tn ca sheet trn thanh sheet tab. Ngoi ra chng ta c th dng di chuyn n sheet lin trc sheet hin hnh v di chuyn n sheet lin sau sheet hin hnh. tr v sheet u tin bn nhp chut v nt trn thanh sheet tab v n sheet cui cng th bn nhp chut vo nt trn thanh sheet tab. Nu mun n mt sheet no trong trng hp c qu nhiu sheet th bn hy nhp phi chut vo thanh v chn tn sheet cn n.

n sheet u Sheet hin hnh To sheet mi V sheet trc n sheet cui n sheet sau Hnh 1.7. Thanh sheet tab 1.3.3. S dng cc t hp phm tt di chuyn n c ni cn thit trong bng tnh ngoi vic dng chut cun cc thanh cun ngang v dc, cc phm mi tn th bn nn nh cc t hp phm bng 1.1. bn di gip di chuyn c nhanh hn. Nhn phm Di chuyn Hoc Tab Sang mt bn phi Hoc Shift + Tab Sang mt bn tri Ln mt dng Xung mt dng Home n ct A ca dng hin hnh Ctrl + Home n a ch A1 trong worksheet Ctrl + End n a ch c cha d liu sau cng trong worksheet Alt + Page Up Di chuyn hin hnh qua tri mt mn hnh Alt + Page Down Di chuyn hin hnh qua phi mt mnh hnh Page Up Di chuyn hin hnh ln trn mt mn hnh Page Down Di chuyn hin hnh xung di mt mn hnh F5 M hp thoi Go To End + hoc Ctrl + n bn phi u tin m trc hoc sau n l trng End + hoc Ctrl + n bn tri u tin m trc hoc sau n l trng End + hoc Ctrl + Ln pha trn u tin m trn hoc di n l trng End + hoc Ctrl + Xung pha di u tin m trn hoc di n l trng Ctrl + Page Up Di chuyn n sheet pha trc sheet hin hnh Ctrl + Page Down Di chuyn n sheet pha sau sheet hin hnh Bng 1.1. Cc phm tt di chuyn nhanh trong bng tnh. 1.3.4. Truy cp Ribbon bng bn phm Mi nhn qua giao din Excel chng ta c th tng rng

Bt/ tt thanh Ribbon

phi s dng Ribbon bng chut khng th dng t hp v khng c cc k gch chn nh cc phin bn trc. Tuy nhin thanh Ribbon vn c th truy cp bng bn phm.

Hnh 1.8. Cc k t i din ca nhm lnh v cc nt lnh Khi mun truy cp n cc nhm lnh trn thanh Ribbon nh Home, Insert, ta nhn phm ALT mt ln (khng cn gi phm ALT). Cc k t i din cho cc nhm lnh s hin ln, bn ch cn nhn phm trn bn phm tng ng k t i din cn truy cp. Ngoi ra bn cng c th dng cc phm di chuyn trong thanh Ribbon. bit k t i din cho cc nt lnh, bn hy nhn nhn t hp phm . V d nhm lnh Page Layout (k t i din l P) . Khi mun thc hin mt lnh no trn thanh Ribbon th ta di chuyn ( ) n lnh v nhn phm Enter hay dng . Khi mun tr li vng lm vic trn bng tnh, ta nhn phm ALT mt ln hoc nhn phm ESC.

1.4. Thao tc vi workbook1.4.1. To mi workbook

C

hn nt Office New, mt hp thoi hin ra (xem hnh bn di) cung cp nhiu la chn to workbook nh: workbook trng, workbook theo mu dng sn, workbook da trn mt workbook c. to workbook trng, bn chn Blank workbook v nhp nt Create.

Hnh 1.9. Minh ha to mi workbook. 1.4.2. M workbook c sn trn a Gi nhanh hp thoi Mt tp tin c sn c th c m bng nhiu cch: Open 1. Chn nt Office chn tn tp tin trong danh sch Recent Documents, c th c ti a 50 tn tp tin c s dng gn y nht trong danh sch ny ( iu chnh th nhn vo nt Office Excel Options Advance phn Display Show this number of Recent Documents ). 2. Dng trnh qun l tp tin nh Windows Explorer, tm n ni lu tr tp tin v nhp chut hai ln ln tn tp tin. 3. Chn nt Office Open, hp thoi Open hin ra. Trong hp thoi Open, chng ta phi tm n ni lu tr tp tin (ti Look In) v chn tn tp tin cn m sau nhn nt Open m tp tin. Cc ty chn ca nt Open trong hp thoi Open: Open (m bnh thng), Open Read-Only (Khng lu c nhng thay i), Open as Copy (To bn sao ca tp tin v m ra), Open in Browser (M tp tin bng trnh duyt web mc nh), Open and Repair (Rt hu dng trong trng hp tp tin b li).

1.4.3. Lu workbook

M

t iu cn lu khi lm vic trn my tnh l cc bn phi nh thc hin lnh lu li cng vic thc hin thng xuyn. Vic ra lnh lu tr khng tn nhiu thi gian nhng nu my b hng hay cp in t ngt c th mt tong c gi lm vic ca bn. Nhm an ton cho d liu, bn nn bt tnh nng Auto Recover, Excel s t ng thc hin lnh lu theo thi gian qui nh (mc nh l 10 pht lu mt ln). s dng tnh nng Auto Recover bn chn nt Office Excel Options Save, sau nh du chn vo Save AutoRecover information every minutes. Mt s cch lu workbook: 1. Chn nt Office Save 2. Nhp chut ln nt trn thanh lnh truy cp nhanh (Quick Access Tollbar). 3. Dng t hp phm hoc . Nu tp tin c lu trc ri th Excel s lu tip cc phn cp nht, cn nu l tp tin c ra lnh lu ln u th hp thoi Save As hin ra. Trong hp thoi Save As, bn hy chn ni lu tr tp tin (ti Look In) v t tn cho tp tin ti hp File name, chn kiu tp tin ti Save as type v sau nhn nt Save lu tr.

Ni lu workbook

t tn workbook Cc kiu tp tin Ra lnh lu

Cc ty chn Lu

Hnh 1.11. Minh ha lu tp tin Qui tt t tn: t tn tp tin Excel dng chung qui tt t tn tp tin ca Windows. Tn tp tin c th di ti 255 k t bao gm c khong trng. Tuy nhin trong tn tp tin khng c dng cc k hiu nh: \ ? : * < > | bo mt tp tin, chng ta c th gn mt m bo v, khi cn phi bit mt m mi c php m tp tin (tr nhng cch t o!). B1. Nhn nt Office Save As, hp thoi Save As hin ra. B2. Nhn nt Tools chn General Options, hp thoi General Options hin ra B3. Nhp mt m m v hiu chnh workbook (hai mt m ny nn khc nhau tng bo mt). Sau nhn nt OK.

B4. Xc nhn li mt m m workbook. Sau nhn nt OK B5. Xc nhn li mt m hiu chnh workbook. Sau nhn nt OK B6. Nhn nt Save hon tt.

Hnh 1.12. Dng mt m bo v workbook Cc ty chn trong hp General Options: Always create backup (to bn sao c ui *.xlk trc khi gn mt m), Password to Open (mt m m workbook), Password to modify (mt m cp nht ni dung workbook), Read-only recommended (m di dng ch c). 1.4.4. ng workbook Mt s cch ng workbook: 1. Chn nt Office Close 2. Dng chut chn nt gc trn bn phi (trn thanh tiu ). 3. Dng t hp phm hoc . Nu workbook c s thay i ni dung th Excel s nhc bn lu li cc thay i .

1.5. Thao tc vi worksheet1.5.1. Chn thm worksheet mi vo workbook C nhiu cch thc hin: 1. Nhn vo nt trn thanh sheet tab 2. Dng t hp phm chn sheet mi vo trc sheet hin hnh. 3. Nhn chn nhm Home n nhm Cells Insert Insert sheet 4. Nhp phi chut ln thanh sheet tab v chn Insert, hp thoi Insert hin ra, chn Worksheet v nhn nt OK. Sheet mi s chn vo trc sheet hin hnh.

Hnh 1.14. Minh ha chn sheet mi

1.5.2. i tn worksheetNhp phi chut ln tn sheet cn i tn thanh sheet tab, chn Rename, g tn mi vo, xong nhn phm Enter. Tn sheet c th di ti 31 k t v c th dng khong trng, tuy nhin khng c dng cc k hiu t tn nh: : / \ ? *

1.5.3. Xa worksheet

Mun xa work sheet, bn lm theo cc cch sau: 1. Chn sheet mun xa chn nhm Home chn nhm Cells Delete Delete sheet 2. Nhp phi chut ln tn sheet mun xa sau chn Delete, xc nhn xa OK. 1. Chn sheet mun xa chn nhm Home chn nhm Cells Delete Delete sheet 2. Nhp phi chut ln tn sheet mun xa sau chn Delete, xc nhn xa OK. 1.5.5. Sao chp worksheet

N

hp phi chut ln sheet, chn Move or Copy chn v tr t bn sao trong vng Before sheet nh du chn vo hp Creat a copy nhn nt OK. Ngoi ra sao chp nhanh bn nhn gi phm Ctrl ri dng chut chn ln tn sheet cn sao chp gi tri chut r n v tr t bn sao trn thanh sheet tab th tri chut. sao chp nhiu sheet cng lc cng lm tng t nhng phi chn nhiu sheet trc khi thc hin lnh. chn c nhiu sheet bn hy gi phm chn sheet. chp mt hay nhiu sheet sang mt workbook khc, bn hy m workbook ln sau thc hin lnh Move or Copy v nh chn tn workbook ch ti To book (nu chn workbook ch (new book) th s sao chp cc sheet n mt workbook mi).

Hnh 1.16. Minh ha sao chp sheet Baitap3 thm mt bn trc khi tnh ton 1.5.6. Chn mu cho sheet tab

V

ic t mu gip qun l thanh sheet tab c tt hn. t mu cho cc sheet tab bn ch cn nhp phi chut ln tn sheet cn t mu, tip theo hy chn Tab Color v chn mu thch hp.

Hnh 1.17. Minh ha t mu cho sheet tab Baitap3. S dng thanh Zoom Excel 2007 b tr thanh cng c Zoom dng phng to thu nh khung lm vic ca bng tnh. Thanh zoom nm ngay gc di bn phi mn hnh v c th gip thu nh v phng to khung lm vic t 10% n ti 400%, phng to th nhn v nt du cng cn thu nh th nhn vo nt du tr. Hnh 1.19. Thanh Zoom

1.6. Thao tc vi v vng1.6.1. Nhn dng v vng (cells, range)

a ch mt trong Excel c xc nh bi tiu ct v s th t ca dng. Mt vng trong bng tnh c xc nh bng a ch ca gc trn bn tri ca vng v a ch gc di bn phi ca vng (c du : phn cch). c bit, a ch ca c mt ct hoc dng c xc nh l : (v d ct A th c xc nh ngn gn l A:A) v : (v d a ch ca c mt dng 4 l 4:4). V d: Hnh bn di hin hnh c a ch l B11 v n c tiu ct l B v s dng l 11, vng c bao bi nt chm t c a ch l H2:H12 v u tin ca vng c a ch l H2 v cui ca vng l H12.

Hnh 1.24. a ch v vng. 1.6.2. Chn vng Nu dng chut, trc tin bn dng chut di chuyn hin hnh n gc trn bn tri ca vng cn chn, sau gi tri chut ko xung di qua phi n v tr cui cng ca vng v th chut. Nu dng phm th sau khi chn u tin bn gi phm Shift trong khi nhn phm v n cui ca vng v th cc phm. (Bn cng c th lm ngc li l chn cui ca vng trc v ko chn n u tin).

Hnh 1.25. Minh ha chn c bng trn 1.6.7. Chn, xa , dng v ct

C

hng ta c th chn thm cc vo bn tri hoc bn trn ca hin hnh trong worksheet v dch chuyn cc ang chn qua phi hoc xung di. Tng t, ta c th chn thm cc dng bn trn, chn thm cc ct vo bn tri v c th xa i cc , cc dng v ct. Chn trng B1. Chn cc m bn mun chn cc trng vo (mun chn cc khng lin tc th gi Ctrl trong khi chn cc ). B2. Chn Home chn nhm Cells Insert Insert Cells B3. Chn la chn ph hp trong hp thoi Insert.

Hnh 1.30. Minh ha dch cc ang chn v bn phi v chn trng vo Chn dng B1. Chn mt hoc nhiu dng lin tc hoc cch khong m bn mun chn s dng tng ng pha trn cc dng ny. B2. Chn Home chn nhm Cells Insert Insert Sheet Row

Hnh 1.31. Minh ha chn cc dng trng ln trn cc dng ang chn Chn ct

B1. Chn mt hoc nhiu ct lin tc hoc cch khong m bn mun chn s ct tng ng pha bn tri cc ct ny. B2. Chn Home chn nhm Cells Insert Insert Sheet Columns Xa cc , dng v ct B1. Chn cc , cc dng hoc cc ct cn xa B2. Chn Home Cells Delete chn kiu xa ph hp (xem hnh)

Xa cc Xa dng Xa ct

Hnh 1.32. Cc la chn xa cc , cc dng hay cc ct 1.6.8. Thay i rng ct v chiu cao dng

T

rong worksheet ta c th qui nh rng ct t 0 n 255, y chnh l s k t c th hin th trong mt dng. rng mc nh ca ct l 8.43 k t, khi rng l 0 th ct c n i. Tng t, chiu cao ca dng qui nh t 0 n 409, y l n v o lng bng im (point: 1 point = 1/72 inch). Chiu cao mc nh ca dng l 12.75 point, khi chiu cao l 0 th dng b n i. Cc bc iu chnh dng ct: B1. Chn dng hoc ct cn iu chnh chiu cao hoc rng

B2. Chn Home Cells Format Chn lnh ph hp (xem hnh)

Chiu cao dng T ng chnh chiu cao dng rng ct T ng chnh rng ct t rng ct mc nh cho sheet

Hnh 1.33. Qui nh rng ct v chiu cao dng Row Height chn lnh ny qui nh chiu cao ca dng AutoFit Row Height chn lnh ny Excel s t canh chnh chiu cao dng cho ph hp vi ni dung. Column Width chn lnh ny qui nh rng ct AutoFit Column Width chn lnh ny Excel s t canh chnh rng ct cho ph hp vi ni dung. Default Width chn lnh ny khi bn mun qui nh li rng mc nh cho worksheet hay c workbook. Ta c th qui nh chiu cao dng v rng ct cho c worksheet hay c workbook bng cch chn c worksheet hay c workbook trc khi thc hin lnh. Ngoi cch thay i chiu cao dng v rng ct nh trn, ta cn c th dng chut thao tc nhanh hn. Mun thay i rng ct no hy r chut n pha bn phi tiu ct cho xut hin k hiu v ko chut v bn phi tng hoc ko v bn tri gim rng ct. Tng t, mun thay i chiu cao dng no hy r chut n bn di s th t dng cho xut hin k hiu v ko chut ln trn gim hoc ko xung di tng chiu cao dng.

Hnh 1.34. Minh ha dng chut thay i rng ct v chiu cao dng 1.6.9. Ni (Merge) v b ni cc (Split) Ni nhiu thnh mt Khi ni nhiu thnh mt , nu tt c cc u c d liu th bn cn chuyn ht d liu ln gc trn cng bn tri ca nhm cn merge v ch c d liu ca ny c gi li, d liu ca cc khc s b xa. B1. Chn cc cn ni li. B2. Chn Home Alignment chn Merge & Center. canh chnh d liu trong dng cc nt canh chnh trong nhm Algnment.

Chuyn mt ni v li nhiu Sau khi chuyn ni v li nhiu th ni dung s hin ti gc trn cng bn tri. B1. Chn ang b ni. B2. Chn Home Alignment chn li Merge & Center hoc Unmerge Cells u c.

1.7. Nhp liu, hiu chnhc trong bng tnh c th cha cc con s, cc chui vn bn hay cc biu thc ton hc. Ngoi ra bng tnh cn c th cha cc biu , s , hnh nh, cc i tng ny khng cha trong m ni trn b mt bng tnh. 1.7.1. Nhp liu Nhp s, chui, thi gian, ngy thng nm B1. Trn worksheet, chn cn nhp liu B2. Nhp vo con s, chui vn bn, ngy thng hay thi gian, m bn cn B3. Nhp xong nhn Enter ( hin hnh chuyn xung di) hoc Tab ( hin hnh chuyn qua phi) kt thc. L u : Nu nhp cc con s vo m Excel hin th ##### l do chiu rng ct khng bn bn tng thm chiu rng ct. Mc nh Excel s dng du chm (.) phn cch phn s nguyn v phn s thp phn. Khi nhp cc con s m cc con s ny khng cn tnh ton th bn nn nh dng l Text trc khi nhp (Home nhm Number chn Text t danh sch). Ngy v thi gian nhp vo th n dng nh dng ngy mc nh trong Control Panel Regional and Language Options. Khi nhp ngy dng du / hoc - phn cch, v d 10/05/2007 hoc 10-05-2007. Khi mun nhp ngy hin ti vo hy g . Khi mun dng nh dng ngy mc nh cho cha ngy th chn v g . Khi nhp thi gian v mun nh dng theo chun 12 gi th thm A hoc P vo sau thi gian nhp vo, v d 8:30 AM hoc 4:15 PM, nu khng Excel t hiu l AM. Khi mun nhp thi gian hin ti vo hy g . Khi mun dng nh dng thi gian mc nh cho cha thi gian th chn v g . Mun nhp cng mt ni dung cho nhiu , bn hy chn cc v nhp liu vo sau nhn . Ngoi ra cn c th s dng chc nng AutoFill (phn sau). Mun nhp cng ni dung trn cc nhiu sheet, bn hy chn cc sheet , sau chn cc trn sheet hin hnh, tip theo nhp liu (c th mt d liu do b nhp ln

C

cc c d liu). b chn cc sheet th nhp phi chut ln thanh sheet tab v chn Ungroup Sheets.

Hnh 1.36. V d nhp cc loi d liu Nhp cc k t c bit B1. Mun nhp k t c bit vo, trc tin chn v n ni cn chn trong . B2. Chn Insert nhm Text chn Symbol B3. Trong hp thoi Symbol hy chn k t cn, c th i kiu Font ti hp Font. B4. Nhn nt Insert chn.

Hnh 1.37. V d chn k t vo S dng chc nng Automatic Completion Chc nng Automatic Completion gip bn nhp cc chui vn bn ging nhau cc c nhanh chng hn. Tuy nhin, chc nng ny i khi cng lm bn kh chu, bt tt bn vo nt Office Excel Options chn ngn Advance ti Editing options Enable AutoComplete for cell values. S dng chc nng AutoCorrect AutoCorrect gip bn sa cc li chnh t nhp liu khi nhp bng ting Anh, ngoi ra n cn gip nhp nhanh cc k hiu hay cc on vn bn lp i lp li. Chng ta c th thm vo cc cm t m chng ta thng hay dng vo danh sch ca AutoCorrect. thm t vo danh sch AutoCorrect lm theo cc bc sau: B1. Chn nt Office Excel Options Proofing AutoCorrect Options B2. Ti ngn AutoCorrect chn Replace text as you type th chc nng ny mi c tc dng

B3. Trong hp Replace g cm t thng hay g sai (hoc g vo m tc k) B4. Trong hp With g cm t ng vo (hoc g vo nguyn bn ca m tc k) B5. Nhn nt Add thm vo danh sch hiu chnh mt mc t trong danh sch th chn mc t v g ni dung mi vo hai hp Replace v With, sau nhn nt Replace. Mun xa mt mc t trong danh sch th chn mc t v nhn nt Delete.

1.8. nh dng1.8.1. nh dng chung

CPhng to ch

c nt nh dng thng dng ca Excel c b tr rt thun li truy cp trong nhm Home ca thanh Ribbon. Trong qu trnh son tho, tnh ton trn Excel, mi khi cn nh dng bn ch vic nhn chut ln nt lnh ph hp di y.Xoay Thu nh Canh gia dc ch ch Canh l Canh l Wrap Text trn di Ni Cc loi nh dng s Dng s phn trm

Font ch

C ch

Ch m Ch nghin

K khung T nn Mu ch

Canh tri Canh gia

Gch chn

Tng tht Dng s Gim s u cc dng (k ton) thp phn Gim tht Dng s Tng s Canh phi u cc dng (tin t) thp phn

Hnh 1.43. nh dng vn bn v s

Khi cn cc nh dng phc tp hn m trn thanh Ribbon khng c nt lnh th bn truy cp vo hp thoi Format Cells: Chn Home nhm Cells Format Format Cells

Category Sample Decimal places Use 1000 Separator (,) Negative numbers Symbol Type Locale (location) Text alignment

Ngn Number Danh sch cc loi nh dng s, gi tr (xem bng 1.5) Hin th nh dng ca gi tr trong hin hnh theo cc nh dng bn chn Ti a c th c 30 s sau du thp phn, ch p dng cho dng Number, Currency, Accounting, Percentage, v Scientific. Chn ny nu mun c du phn cch gia hng nghn, triu, tch p dng cho dng Number. Chn loi nh dng th hin cho s m, ch p dng cho dng Number v Currency. Chn loi k hiu tin t, ch p dng cho dng Currency v Accounting. Chn kiu hin th ph hp cho gi tr , ch p dng cho cc dng Date, Time, Fraction, Special, v Custom. Chn loi ngn ng khc p dng nh dng gi tr, ch p dng cho cc dng Date, Time, v Special. Ngn Alignment Horizontal C cc la chn dng canh chnh ni dung theo chiu ngang. Mc nh Excel canh l tri cho vn bn, l phi cho gi tr , cc gi tr lun l v cc li c canh gia. Vertical C cc la chn dng canh chnh ni dung theo chiu dc. Mc nh Excel canh l di cho vn bn. Indent Tht u cc dng ni dung ca . Orientation Chn cc hng ca vn bn trong cc . Degrees t gi tr xoay vn bn. Cc gi tr t -90 n 90 Wrap text Ni dung trong c xung nhiu dng ty thuc vo rng ct v di ni dung. (xem chi tit phn di) Shrink to fit Gim kch c ch tt c ni dung trong va vi rng ct Merge cells Ni cc chn thnh mt ( trnh by phn trn) Text direction Xc nh trnh t c v canh l Ngn Font Chn kiu Font cho cc , font mc nh l Calibri. Chn kiu thng, in nghin, in mca Font ch, kiu mc nh l Regular. Kch thc font ch , t c 1 n 1638 v mc nh l c ch 11 point. Chn kiu gch chn cho vn bn trong danh sch, mc nh l None. Chn mu cho vn bn, mc nh l Automatic (do Excel t chn mu) Nu chn s loi b cc nh dng Font khc v tr v dng bnh thng Strikethrough C thm ng gch ngang vn bn nh vy nh vy n n Superscript Lm cho vn bn co li v y ln trn Subscript Lm cho vn bn co li v y xung di nh th ny Xem trc kt qu nh dng bn va chn Ngn Border Chn kiu v kch c cc ng k khung, sau chn cc nt bn hp Border k Chn khng k khung, k ng bao v k cc ng phn cch gia cc Chn mu cho cc ng k Cc nt bao quanh hnh minh ha dng k cc ng bao cc Ngn Fill Chn mu nn cho cc . Fill Effects cung cp cc hiu ng t mu nn (xem chi tit phn di). More Colors B sung thm cc mu v cng c pha ch mu. Cc mu mu nn v Pattern Style cc kiu mu t nn . Xem trc kt qu chn mu v kiu mu ti Sample Ngn Protection Kha vic thay i, di chuyn, xa, cc , ch c tc dng khi sheet c bo v n cng thc trong , ch co tc dng khi sheet c bo v (xem phn sau)

Text control

Right-to-left Font Font style Size Underline Color Normal font Effects Preview Line Presets Color Border Background Color Pattern Color Locked Hidden

Bng 1.4. Gii thch hp thoi Format Cellsnh dng General M t Excel mc nh dng kiu ny nh dng gi tr, khi s di hn 12 s th nh dng General chuyn sang dng Scientific.

Number Currency Accounting Date Time Percentage Fraction Scientific Text Special Custom

Dng nh dng cc con s, bn c th chn du phn cch thp phn v qui nh s con s sau du thp phn, ng thi c th chn kiu hin th s m. Dng nh dng cc n v tin t cho cc gi tr, ta c th chn du phn cch thp phn v nh s con s sau du thp phn, ng thi c th chn kiu hin th s m. Dng nh dng cc n v tin t trong k ton, n t k hiu tin t v gi tr hai ct khc nhau. Dng nh dng cc gi tr ngy v thi gian ty theo chn la ti phn Type v Locale (location). Cc Type c du (*) l nh dng ly t h thng (Control Panel). Dng nh dng cc gi tr ngy v thi gian ty theo chn la ti phn Type v Locale (location). Cc Type c du (*) l nh dng ly t h thng (Control Panel). nh dng ny ly gi tr trong nhn vi 100 v thm du % vo sau kt qu, bn c th chn du phn cch thp phn v qui nh s con s sau du thp phn. nh dng ny hin th con s di dng phn s ty theo Type bn chn. Hin th con s di dng khoa hc . V d, s 12345678901 nh 10 dng theo Scientific l 1.23E+10, ngha l 1.23 x 10 . Bn c th chn du phn cch thp phn v qui nh s con s sau du thp phn. nh dng ni dung ging nh nhng g nhp vo k c cc con s. nh dng cc con s dng m bu chnh (ZIP Code), s in thoi, s bo him Dng hiu chnh cc m nh dng ang p dng hay to mi cc nh dng do bn p dng. Ta c th thm vo t 200 n 250 nh dng t to ty theo ngn ng v phin bn Excel. (xem phn sau)

Bng 1.5. Cc kiu nh dng s S dng WrapText Khi bn mun on vn bn di trong c nhiu dng th bn dng chc nng wrap text hoc dng xung dng ti v tr mong mun. B1. Chn cn nh dng Wrap text, v d A1 B2. Chn Home Alignment chn Wrap Text ( ). Nu dng khng t ng m rng l do b thit lp chiu cao c nh, bn vo Home Cells Format ti Cells Size chn AutoFit Row Height.

Xoay ch (Orientation) B1. Chn cc cn xoay ch A1:D1 B2. Chn Home nhm Alignment Orientation Angle Counterclockwise

nh dng khung (border) K ng bao xung quanh vng B2:E18 m, c ng phn cch gia cc bng nt mnh v mu tt c ng k l mu . B1. Chn danh sch cn k khung B2:E18 B2. Chn Home nhm Cells Format Chn Format Cells B3. Vo ngn Border, chn mu l Red ( ) ti Color B4. Chn Style l nt m , sau chn nt Outline ti Preset B5. Chn Style l nt mnh , sau chn nt Inside ti Preset B6. Nhn OK hon tt

Hnh 1.47. Minh ha k khung cc B2:E18

Hiu ng t nn (Fill effect)

B1. Chn vng cn t mu nn B2:E18 B2. Chn Home nhm Cells Format Chn Format Cells B3. Vo ngn Fill Chn Fill Effects B4. Chn cc mu cn phi hp: Color 1 (v d l mu vng Yellow) v Color 2 (Blue) B5. Chn Shading styles l Vertical v chn kiu th 3 B6. Nhn OK hai ln hon tt.

Hnh 1.48. Minh ha t mu nn bng Fill Effects 1.8.2. Bng v nh dng bng (table) xcel thit lp sn rt nhiu biu mu nh dng bng v cn h tr to thm cc biu mu mi. Excel ch cho php xa cc biu mu t to thm v cho php xa nh dng bng. Ngoi ra ta c th hiu chnh nh dng bng khi cn thit. p nh dng bng cho danh sch v chuyn danh sch thnh bng B1. Chn danh B2:E18 B2. Chn Home nhm Styles chn Format As Table B3. Ca s Style lit k rt nhiu biu mu nh dng bng, chn mt trong cc biu mu. V d chn mu Light s 9 B4. Ca s Format As Table hin ln nhn OK xc nhn. to mu mi th ti bc 3 chn New Table Style, sau t tn cho biu mu mi v nhn Format ch bin biu mu. Mun xa mt mu t to th vo Home Style Format As Table, ti phn Custom nhp phi chut ln biu mu v chn Delete. Cc ty chn hiu chnh bng c Table Tools ngn Design trn thanh Ribbon

E

1.9. In n1.9.1. Cc ch hin th trang trong Excel

E

xcel 2007 h tr mnh hn trong vic in n, vi nhiu ch xem trc quan gip bn c th thy c kt qu in ngay trn mn hnh. C 3 ch hin th l Nornal View, Page Layout View v Page Break Preview. truy cp cc ch xem vo nhm View chn Workbook Views chn kiu xem. Normal View: y l ch bn s dng thng xuyn trong qu trnh nhp liu, tnh ton, trn bng tnh v l ch mc nh ca Excel. Page Layout View: L ch xem trc khi in, trong ch ny bn vn c th tnh ton v nhp liu. Page Break Preview: Hin th bng tnh Excel vi cc du phn trang, ti y bn c th chia li trang bng cch ko th cc ng chia cch trang. 1.9.2. Thit lp thng s cho trang in

T

t c cc ty chn thit lp thng s trang in c ti nhm Page Layout nhm Page Setup (Margins: ty chn l trang, Orientation: chiu trang ngang hay dc, Size: ty chn kh giy, Print Area: ty chn vng in, Breaks: ty chn ngt trang, Background: chn hnh nn, Print Titles: ty chn in tiu lp li trn mi trang,). Bn c th thit lp cc thng s ti y hoc vo hp thoi Page Setup iu chnh. vo hp thoi Page Setup bn vo nhm Page Layout n nhm Page Setup nhn vo nt .

Chiu trang in (Orientation) 1. Ribbon Page Layout Page Setup Orientation chn Portrait (trang dc)/ chn Landscape (trang ngang) 2. Trong hp thoi Page Setup chn ngn Page Orientation chn chiu trang in Portrait / Landscape Kh giy (Size) 1. Ribbon Page Layout Page Setup Size chn kh giy 2. Trong hp thoi Page Setup chn ngn Page Page size chn giy Canh l giy (Margins) 1. Ribbon Page Layout Page Setup Margins chn kiu cha l 2. Trong hp thoi Page Setup chn ngn Margins nhp cc gi tr vo Top (l trn), Bottom (l di), Left (l tri), Right (l phi), Header (l tiu u trang), Footer (l tiu chn trang). Ngoi ra cn c ty chn canh gia: Horizontally (canh gia trang theo chiu ngang) v Vertically (canh gia trang theo chiu dc). Ngt trang (Page Break) Chn ngt trang ngang: Di chuyn hin hnh n ni s chn ngt trang ti ct A, sau vo Ribbon Page Layout Page Setup Breaks Insert Page Break. (Nu khng ct A s ngt trang theo chiu ngang v dc) B tng du ngt trang: Di chuyn hin hnh n nm ngay di du, sau vo Ribbon Page Layout Page Setup Breaks Remove Page Break. B tt c nh du ngt trang: Ribbon Page Layout Page Setup Breaks Reset All Page Breaks. Thm hnh nn (Background) Vo Ribbon Page Layout Page Setup Background chn hnh lu tr trn my nhn nt Insert

In tiu dng v ct (Row and column headers) Vo Ribbon Page Layout Sheet Options Headings chn Print iu chnh t l phng to/ thu nh trang in Trong mt s trng hp ta cn in nn hay phng to ni dung vo mt s trang nht nh khi ta dng Ribbon Page Layout Scale To Fit Scale. Ta c th thu nh ti liu n 10% v phng to ti 400%. Ngoi ra ta c th p Excel in ti liu ra vi s trang ta qui nh ti Ribbon Page Layout Scale To Fit Width v Ribbon Page Layout Scale To Fit Height. In ng li ca cc in ng li k cc trong bng tnh ta chn Ribbon Page Layout Sheet Options Gridline Print. Thm thng tin vo u trang v chn trang (Header v Footer) Header cha cc thng tin xut hin u mi trang v Footer cha cc thng tin xut hin cui mi trang. Cc phin bn trc ta dng ngn Hearder/ Footer trong hp thoi Page Setup thm Header v Footer nhng phin bn ny lm bng mt cch khc d dng v trc quan hn, c bit c th chn hnh vo. Vo Ribbon View chuyn sang ch xem Page Layout Tin hnh thm Header v Footer vo. L u bn phi nhp chut vo vng Header hoc Footer th nhm lnh Design mi hin ra.

Hnh 1.55. Cc nt lnh trong thanh Design 1.9.3. Thit lp thng s hp thoi Print gi hp thoi Print, bn chn nt Office chn Print hay nhn t hp phm . Dng hp thoi ny chn my in, chn trang cn in, chn s lng bn sao v mt s ty chn khc.

My in

Thit lp thng s my in In lu vo tp tin

In tt c In theo s trang qui nh Qui nh ni dung cn in

S lng bn in Kiu in

Hnh 1.56. Hp thoi Print

Selection: Ch in vng ang chn trc nhn lnh Office Print Active sheet(s): Ch in sheet hin hnh hay cc sheet ang chn. Entire workbook: In ton b workbook Table: Ch c tc dng khi hin hnh ang trong mt bng, nu chn th ch in bng ny. Ignore print areas: Khi chn, Excel s b qua tt c cc thit lp vng in thc hin.

Bi 2 S DNG CNG THC V HM2.1. Gii thiu cng thc v hm 2.1.1. Cng thcng thc gip bng tnh hu ch hn rt nhiu, nu khng c cc cng thc th bng tnh cng ging nh trnh son tho vn bn. Chng ta dng cng thc tnh ton t cc d liu lu tr trn bng tnh, khi d liu thay i cc cng thc ny s t ng cp nht cc thay i v tnh ra kt qu mi gip chng ta tn cng sc tnh li nhiu ln. Vy cng thc c cc thnh phn g? Cng thc trong Excel c nhn dng l do n bt u l du = v sau l s kt hp ca cc ton t, cc tr s, cc a ch tham chiu v cc hm. V d : Du bng Tr s Ton t Hm Tham chiu = 40000 IF(C5>=25000,80%*C5,C5) Hnh 2.1. V d cng thc. Ton t Chc nng V d + Cng =3+3 Tr =45-4 * Nhn =150*.05 / Chia =3/3 ^ Ly tha =2^4 =16^(1/4) & Ni chui =L & Thanh = > < >= B1 V d A1=3, B1=6 Kt qu: FALSE Nh hn =A1=B1 V d A1=3, B1=6 Kt qu: FALSE Nh hn hoc =A1 =

Ton t tham chiu

1

S m (v d 1) Phn trm Ly tha Nhn v chia Cng v tr Ni chui So snh

2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Bng 2.2. Th t u tin ca cc ton t 2.1.2. Hm

Hd:

m trong Excel c lp trnh sn dng tnh ton hoc thc hin mt chc nng no . Vic d dng thnh tho cc hm s gip chng ta tit kim c rt nhiu thi gian so vi tnh ton th cng khng dng hm. Cc hm trong Excel rt a dng bao trm nhiu lnh vc, c nhng hm khng yu cu i s, c nhng hm yu cu mt hoc nhiu i s, v cc i s c th l bt buc hoc t chn. V =Rand() =If(A1>=5,t,Rt) =PMT(10%,4,1000,,1 ) hm khng c i s hm 3 i s hm nhiu i s v i s ty chn

Trong Excel 2007 c tng cng 12 hm mi: AverageIf, AverageIfs, CountIfs, IfError, SumIfs v nhm hm Cube. Excel 2007 c cc nhm hm chnh nh: Add-In v DDE: Call, Registed.ID, Hm ly d liu t SSAS: Cubeset, Cubevalue, Hm d liu: Dmin, Dmax, Dcount, Hm ngy v thi gian: Time, Now, Date,. Hm k thut: Dec2Bin, Dec2Hex, Dec2Oct, Hm ti chnh: Npv, Pv, Fv, Rate, Hm thng tin: Cell, Thng tin, IsNa, Hm lun l: If, And, Or, Hm tham chiu v tm kim: Choose, Vlookup, OffSet, Hm ton v lng gic: Log, Mmult, Round, Hm thng k: Stdev, Var, CountIf, Hm vn bn: Asc, Find, Text, Cc hm t to 2.1.3. Nhp cng thc v hm

N

hp cng thc trong Excel rt n gin, mun nhp cng thc vo no bn ch vic nhp du = v sau l s kt hp ca cc ton t, cc tr s, cc a ch tham chiu v

cc hm.. Bn c th nhn vo thanh Formula thy c trn cng thc. Mt iu ht sc

lu khi lm vic trn bng tnh l trnh nhp trc tip cc con s, gi tr vo cng thc m bn nn dng tham chiu. V d:

Hnh 2.2. Minh ha dng tham chiu trong hm Trong v d trn, i s th nht ca hm NPV chng ta khng nhp trc sut chit tnh 10% vo hm m nn tham chiu n a ch cha n l I2, v nu li sut c thay i th ta ch cn nhp gi tr mi vo I2 th chng ta s thu c kt qu NPV mi ngay khng cn phi chnh li cng thc. Gi s cc C2:G2 c t tn l DongTien, v I2 t tn l LaiSuat (Xem li cch t tn vng bi s 1) th trong qu trnh nhp cng thc bn c th lm nh sau: B1. Ti B4 nhp vo =NPV( B2. Nhn F3, ca s Paste Name hin ra B3. Chn LaiSuat v nhn OK B4. Nhp du phy (,) v g F3 B5. Chn DongTien v nhn OK B6. Nhp du ng ngoc ri nhp du + B7. Nhp chut vo B2 B8. Nhn phm Enter

Nhn F3

Hnh 2.3. Chn tn vng vo cng thc Mt trong nhng cch d dng nht s dng hm trong Excel l s dng th vin hm. Khi bn mun s dng hm no ch vic vo thanh Ribbon chn nhm Formulas Function Library chn nhm hm chn hm cn s dng. Ngoi ra bn c th nhn vo nt gi hp thoi Insert Function mt cch nhanh chng v khi cn tm hiu v hm ny bn ch cn nhn vo Help on this function. 2.1.4. Tham chiu trong cng thc

C

c tham chiu s dng trong cng thc gip cho chng ta khi tn cng sa cha cc cng thc khi cc gi tr tnh ton c s thay i. C 3 loi tham chiu sau: Tham chiu a ch tng i: Cc dng v ct tham chiu s thay i khi chng ta sao chp hoc di di cng thc n v tr khc mt lng tng ng vi s dng v s ct m ta di di. V d A5:B7, C4 Tham chiu a ch tuyt i: Cc dng v ct tham chiu khng thay i khi ta di di hay sao chp cng thc. V d $A$5:$B$7, $C$4 Tham chiu hn hp: Phi hp tham chiu a ch tng i v tuyt i. V d A$5 ngha l ct A tng i v dng 5 tuyt i. Lu : Du $ trc th t ct l c nh ct v trc th t dng l c nh dng V d: Tnh thnh tin bng S lng nhn Gi. i sang gi tr Thnh tin sang VND. Tnh tng cc ct Thnh tin v ct VND.

Hnh 2.5. Minh ha a ch tng i v tuyt i B1. Ti D2 nhp vo =B2*C2 v Enter. Sau qut chn c vng D2:D14 v g . Vo cc D3, D4... D14 ta thy cng thc cc dng t ng c thay i tng ng vi khong cch so vi D2. Trng hp ny chng ta dng a ch tng i ca B2*C2 l v chng ta mun khi sao chp cng thc xung pha di th a ch cc tnh ton s t ng thay i theo. B2. Ti E2 nhp vo =D2*B$17 v Enter, sau chp cng thc xung cc E3:E14. Chng ta cn c nh dng 17 trong a ch t gi B17 v ta mun khi sao cng thc xung th cc cng thc sao chp vn tham chiu n B17 tnh ton. B3. Ti D15 nhp vo =Sum(D2:D14) v chp sang E15. Lu : Tham chiu n a ch worksheet khc nhng cng workbook th c dng Tn_sheet!a_ch_. V d: =A2*Sheet2!A2 =A2*Thong so!B4 Khi tn sheet c cha khong trng th trong cp nhy n Tham chiu n a ch trong workbook khc th c dng [Tn_Workbook]Tn_sheet!a_ch_. V d: =A2*[Bai2.xlsx]Sheet3!A4

=A2*[Bai tap 2.xlsx]Sheet3!A4 Khi tn Sheet hay Workbook c cha khon trng trong cp nhy n =A2*C:\Tai lieu\[Bai tap 2.xlsx]Sheet3!A4 Khi tham chiu n workbook khc m workbook ny khng m =A2*\\DataServer\Excel\[Bai tap 2.xlsx]Sheet3!A4 Khi tham chiu n ti nguyn chia s trn my ch trong mng 2.1.5. Tnh ton trong bng (Table) y l tnh nng mi trong Excel 2007, trong bng biu ta c th dng tn ct lm tham chiu tnh ton (xem li bi 1). Mun chuyn mt danh sch thnh bng biu ta hy t hin hnh vo trong vng danh sch, sau vo Ribbon Insert nhm Tables Table hp thoi Create Table Chn My table has headers nu c OK. Lu cc bng c t tn t ng.

Hnh 2.6. Minh ha chuyn danh sch thnh bng. B1. Tnh ct Thnh tin: chn D2 v nhp vo =[S lng]*[Gi] (hoc =B2*C2) v Enter. Excel s t ng sao chp cng thc xung gip bn.

Hnh 2.7. Dng tn ct lm tham chiu tnh ton B2. Tnh ct Tin VND: chn E2 v nhp vo =[Thnh tin]*H$1 (hoc =D2*H$1) v Enter. Excel s t ng sao chp cng thc xung gip bn. B3. Thm dng tnh Tng hy hin hnh vo bng: Ribbon Table Tools Design nhm Table Style Options chn Total Row

Hnh 2.8. Chn la hm tnh ton. 2.1.6. Cc li thng dng v mt s lu Cc li thng dng Li #DIV/0! #NAME? #N/A #NULL! #NUM! #REF! #VALUE! Gii thch Trong cng thc c cha php chia cho 0 (zero) hoc chia rng Do dnh sai tn hm hay tham chiu hoc nh thiu du nhy Cng thc tham chiu n m c dng hm NA jim tra s tn ti ca d liu hoc hm khng c kt qu Hm s dng d liu giao nhau ca 2 vng m 2 vng ny khng c phn chung nn phn giao rng Vn i vi gi tr, v d nh dng nhm s m trong khi ng phi l s dng Tham chiu b li, thng l do tham chiu trong hm b xa Cng thc tnh ton c cha kiu d liu khng ng. Bng 2.3. Cc li thng dng

Tham chiu vng Trong mt s trng hp nhp cng thc th bn nhn c hp thoi thng bo tham chiu vng (Circular Reference) v trong cng thc c s dng gi tr trong m bn ang nhp cng thc. V d : Ti A3 bn nhp vo cng thc =A1+A2+A3

Hnh 2.9. Cnh bo tham chiu vng. 2.1.7. Kim tra cng thc bng Formulas Auditing

t c dng (c 1 gc nh t mu) l ang c li no . Cc li thng dng nh: cha cng thc m kt qu c li, s m li nh dng nh chui, b kha, nhp liu khng ng, d tm v sa li chng ta dng b cng c Ribbon Formulas Formulas Auditing. V d: Kt qu tnh NPV c li nh hnh di tm li ta vo Ribbon Formulas nhm Formulas Auditing Error Checking. Excel s kim tra li ton b bng tnh v bo co v cc c cha li. Trng hp ny th B4 cha li.

M

Hnh 2.12. Minh ha kim tra li Bn mun tm hiu thm v dng li th nhn vo nt Help on this error Mun kim li tng bc tnh ton ca cng thc th nhn vo Show Calculation Steps Mun b qua li th nhn vo Ignore Error Mun hiu chnh cng thc th nhn vo Edit in Formula Bar Nhn Next n li k v Previous v li trc (nu c) Nhn vo Option nu mun hiu chnh ty chn bo li ca Excel. kim tra cc bc tnh ton ca cng thc b li trn ta chn Show Calculation Steps (hoc nhn trc tip vo nt Evaluate Formula trong nhm Formulas Auditing). Nhn vo cc nt Evaluate xem cc bc tnh ton ca cng thc.

Li do tham chiu nhm cha chui

Hnh 2.13. Kim tra cc bc tnh ton ca cng thc Nu mun xem B4 c quan h vi cc khc nh th no hy chn B4, sau vo Ribbon Formulas nhm Formulas Auditing Trace Precedents. Qua hnh bn di ta thy kt qu tnh ton ca B4 c tnh t cc A2, C2:G2 v I2, t chng ta cng c th ln ra li trong cng thc.

Qut chn v nhn F9

Qut chn v nhn F9

Qut chn v nhn F9 Qut chn v nhn F9 A2 cha chui lm cng thc sai Hnh 2.14. Minh ha tm li trong cng thc dng phm F9

2.2. Hm lun l

Bng 2.4. Cc hm lun l Hm Cng dng AND Tr v TRUE nu tt c cc iu kin tha (TRUE). FALSE IF Tr v gi tr FALSE (=0) Tr v gi tr i s th 2 nu iu kin l TRUE v tr v gi tr i s th 3 nu iu kin FALSE

C php =AND(Logical1,Logical2,)Logical1,Logical2 c t 1n 255 iu kin cn kim tra TRUE hay FALSE

=FALSE() =IF(logical_test,value_if_true,value_if_false)Logical_test l gi tr hoc biu thc m khi th s tr v TRUE hoc FALSE. Value_if_true gi tr ny tr v nu logical_test l TRUE. Value_if_false gi tr ny tr v nu logical_test l FALSE.

IFERROR Tr v gi tr do ta nhp vo khi cng thc c li, khi cng thc khng c li th tr v kt qu. Hm ny dng by li trong cng thc NOT Nghch o gi tr lun l OR TRUE Tr v TRUE ch cn mt trong cc iu kin l TRUE Tr v gi tr TRUE (=1)

=IFERROR(value,value_if_error)Value l biu thc cn kim tra li Value_if_error l gi tr tr v khi c li cng thc kim tra. Cc li l #N/A, #VALUE!, #REF!, #DIV/0!, #NUM!, #NAME?, hay #NULL!.

=NOT(Logical)Logical l gi tr hay biu thc m khi tnh s tr v TRUE hoc FALSE

=OR(logical1,logical2,...)Logical1,logical2,... C t 1 n 255 iu kin cn kim tra xem TRUE hay FALSE

=TRUE()

V d 1: Kim tra ngy cc dng c thuc thi on cho trc hay khng. Nu thuc thi on th kt qu tr v l TRUE, khng thuc th tr v FALSE. Dng hm AND: Ti D32 nhp vo =AND(B32>=$C$28,B32=500,0.08,IF(A2>=100,0.05,0.03))

Hnh 1.17. Minh ha hm If V d 4: Excel phin bn c cho php lng ti a 7 hm trong hm IF (Excel 2007 cho php lng ti 64 ln). Gii quyt trng hp ny mi cc bn xem v d: ti A1 nhp vo s 12 v ti B1 nhp vo cng thc sau: =IF(A1=1,A1,IF(A1=2,A1*2,IF(A1=3,A1*3,IF(A1=4,A1*4,IF(A1=5,A1*5,IF(A1=6,A1* 6,IF(A1=7,A1*7)))))))+IF(A1=8,A1*8,IF(A1=9,A1*9,IF(A1=10,A1*10,IF(A1=11,A1*11 ,IF(A1=12,A1*12))))) V d ny khng c ngha no ngoi vic minh ha cch gii quyt vn gii hn lng hm. Nu c qu nhiu iu kin r nhnh chng ta cn nhm li 7 hm lng nhau thnh mt nhm v cc nhm ni nhau l du +. trng hp ny kt qu tr v l 144 v nhm 7 hm u tr v FALSE (=0) cng vi nhm hm sau tr v s 144.

V d 5: Tnh thu thu nhp c nhn theo biu thu

Hnh 2.18. Minh ha hm If V d 6: Xt mt s v d v hm IfError. Kim tra cc biu thc ct D nhp vo c li hay khng, nu c li s tr v chui C li cn khng th tr v kt qu ca biu thc. Hm minh ha dng thng thng v dng hm mng.

Hnh 1.19. Minh ha hm IfError

Mt s th vin hm Excel:

ASC Dung cho cac ngn ng s dung bang ma 2-byte (DBCS), i cac ky t 2-bytes sang cac ky t 1-byte. Cu phap ASC(text) Text la chui hoc tham chiu n cha chui mun chuyn i. Nu text khng cha ky t 2-bytes nao thi text se gi nguyn V d hm: EXCEL D56=ASC("EXCEL") BAHTTEXT Chuyn mt s sang chui ting Thai va thm hu t "Baht." vao Trong Microsoft Excel for Windows, ban co th i inh dang Baht thanh cac kiu kha1c bng cach vao Control Panel, Regional and Language Options. Trong Excel for Macintosh, ban co th i inh dang Baht thanh kiu khac bng cach s dung Control Panel for Numbers. Cu phap: BAHTTEXT(number) Number la s ma ban mun chuyn i thanh chui hoc tham chiu n cha s hoc la cng thc ma kt qua la s Vi du

Ham fjgkjhn E162=BAHTTEXT(D162) CHAR Tra v ky t tng ng vi ma s ca no C php CHAR(Number) Number la ma ASCII ca ky t ma ban mun chuyn sang ky t Ghi ch 65 A 33 ! E183=CHAR(D183) E184=CHAR(D184) CLEAN Loai b cac ky t khng in c ra khi vn ban CLEAN(text) Text la chui ma ban mun loai b cac ky t khng tin c Vii du text text E196=CLEAN(D196) D196 =CHAR(7)&"text"&CHAR(7) Loai ky t khng in c CHAR(7) ra khi chui VALUE Chuyn mt chui vn bang sang mt s Cu phap VALUE(text) Text la chui vn ban hay mt tham chiu n cha vn ban ma ta mun chuyn i Ghi chu Text co th inh dang thanh con s, ngay, hoc thi gian do Excel nhn dang, nu nhn dang khng c se bao li #VALUE!. Ham nay chung ta thng khng s dung, no c tao ra tng thich vi cac chng trinh bang tinh khac Vi du Ham 0.2 D1228=VALUE("$1,000") Chuyn chui "$1,000" thanh s D1229=VALUE("16:48:00 ")-VALUE("12:00:00 ") i gi ra cac s tun t va tr nhau "16:48:00"-"12:00:00" (0.2 hoc 4:48) UPPER Chuyn mt chui vn ban sang ch HOA C php UPPER(text) Text la mt chui hay mt tham chiu ti mt cha vn ban ma ta mun chuyn i Vi du

Con s 123

Cc chui

Hm F1215=UPPER(D1215) F1216=UPPER(D1216)

cho cc bn CHO CC BN nguyn hong NGUYN HONG

TRIM Chun hoa cac khoan trng trong mt vn ban bng cach loai b cac khoang trng d tha va ch lai mt khoang trng gia cac t C php TRIM(text) Text la chui vn ban hay mt tham chiu ti mt cha vn ban ma ban mun chun hoa Vi du Chui Sau khi dng hm F1180=TRIM(D1180) F1181=TRIM(D1181) Hello! Xin Cho. Hello!Xin Cho. TEXT Chuyn i mt gia tri sang dang vn ban theo inh dang qui inh C php TEXT(value,format_text) Value la con s, mt biu thc tra v kt qua la con s hoc tham chiu n cha s Format_text la kiu inh dang s di dang vn ban t trong cp du nhay kp Ghi ch Format_text khng c cha *. inh dang dung lnh ch thay i inh dang khng lam thay i gia tri. Nhng dung ham TEXT se chuyn con s sang dang chui lun va khng dung tinh toan nh s c na. Vi du: Nhn vin Buchanan Dodsworth Doanh thu 2800 40% Hm Doanh thu ban hang ca Buchanan la $2800.00 Dodsworth ban c 40% trn tng doanh thu.

F1164="Doanh thu ban hang ca " & D1164 &" la "&TEXT(E1164, "$0.00") F1165=D1165&" ban c "&TEXT(E1165,"0%")&" trn tng doanh thu." SUBSTITUTE Trong mt chui vn ban, th mt chui mi cho mt chui c ma ban a xac inh C php SUBSTITUTE(text,old_text,new_text,instance_num) Text la chui hoc tham chiu n cha chui vn ban cn thay th. Old_text la chui vn ban cn thay th. New_text la chui vn ban mi ma ta mun thay cho old_text Instance_num xac inh old_text th my cn thay th bng new_text. Nu khai bao instance_num thi ch co old_text c khai bao la c thay th, nu khng khai bao thi tt ca old_text trong chui Text c thay bng new_text. Vi du 1 D liu Hm S liu S liu chi doanh t Qu 1, 2008 phi 2, 2008 Qu Qu 1, 2011 Qu 1, 2012

E1048=SUBSTITUTE(D1048, "doanh thu", "chi ph") Thay th "doanh thu" bng "chi phi" E1049=SUBSTITUTE(D1049, "1", "2", 1) Thay th chui "1" bng chui "2" vi vi tri thay th th 1 E1050=SUBSTITUTE(D1050, "1", "2", 3) Thay th chui "1" bng chui "2"

vi vi tri thay th th 3 Cc chui Tfdsh Tghkj Hm 1 4 E1054=LEN(D1054)-LEN(SUBSTITUTE(D1054,"B","")) Co phn bit ch HOA va thng E1055=LEN(D1055)LEN(SUBSTITUTE(UPPER(D1055),"B","")) Khng phn bit ch HOA va thng

SEARCH, SEARCH Tim vi tri ca mt chui trong mt chui th hai va tra v vi tri ca ky t u tin ca chui th nht tim thy trong chui th 2 SEARCH dung cho ngn ng s dung bang ma 1 byte (SBCS), SEARCHB dung cho ngn ng s dung bang ma 2 byte (BDCS) SEARCH lun m mi ky t 1-byte hoc 2-byte la 1, khng k n ngn ng mc inh ca Office (Office, Excel Options,Popular, Language setting) SEARCHB m mi ky t 2-byte la 2 khi thit lp ngn ng h tr DBCS va thit lp ngn ng mc inh. Ngc lai, FINDB m mi ky t la 1. Cac ngn ng h tr ma DBCS: Japanese, Chinese (Simplified), Chinese (Traditional), va Korean. C php SEARCH(find_text,within_text,start_num) SEARCHB(find_text,within_text,start_num) RIGHT, RIGHTB RIGHT ly mt s cac ky t t bn phai ca mt chui vn ban da trn s ky t ta xac inh RIGHTB ly mt s cac ky t t bn phai ca mt chui vn ban da trn s byte ta xac inh RIGHT dung cho ngn ng s dung bang ma 1 byte (SBCS), RIGHTB dung cho ngn ng s dung bang ma 2 byte (BDCS) RIGHT lun m mi ky t 1-byte hoc 2-byte la 1, khng k n ngn ng mc inh ca Office (Office, Excel Options,Popular, Language setting) RIGHTB m mi ky t 2-byte la 2 khi thit lp ngn ng h tr DBCS va thit lp ngn ng mc inh. Ngc lai, FINDB m mi ky t la 1. Cac ngn ng h tr ma DBCS: Japanese, Chinese (Simplified), Chinese (Traditional), va Korean. C php: RIGHT (text, num_chars) RIGHT (text, num_bytes) * Text la chui vn ban cha cac ky t cn trich * Num_chars s ky t ma ham RIGHT cn trich ra. Num_bytes s byte ma ham RIGHTB cn trich ra. Ghi ch: * Num_chars phai la s ln hn hay bng 0 (zero). * Nu num_chars ln hnchiu dai ca chui vn ban, ham RIGHT tra v ca chui. Nu num_chars khng khai bao, Excel xem nh la s 1. Vi du : Cho chui Hm Xin cho Microsoft Excel 2007 cho Microsoft Excel 2007 G916=RIGHT(D916,LEN(D916)-FIND(" ",D916,1)) HelloTheWorld HelloTheWorld HelloTheWorld G917=IFERROR(RIGHT(D917,LEN(D917)FIND(""1

HelloTheWorld PROPPER

HelloTheWorld G918=IF(ISERR(FIND(" ",D918)),D918,RI GHT(D918,LEN(D918)-FIND(" ",D918,1) ))

i sang ch HOA cac ky t u trong mt ch, cac ch cn lai la ch thng C php PROPER(text) Text la chui vn ban cn chuyn i MID, MIDB MID trich mt s ky t trong chui vn ban vi vi tri bt u xac inh va s ky t cn trich xac inh MIDB trich mt s ky t trong chui vn ban vi vi tri bt u xac inh va s byte cn trich xac inh MID dung cho ngn ng s dung bang ma 1 byte (SBCS), MIDB dung cho ngn ng s dung bang ma 2 byte (BDCS) MID lun m mi ky t 1-byte hoc 2-byte la 1, khng k n ngn ng mc inh ca Office (Office, Excel Options,Popular, Language setting) MIDB m mi ky t 2-byte la 2 khi thit lp ngn ng h tr DBCS va thit lp ngn ng mc inh. Ngc lai, FINDB m mi ky t la 1. Cac ngn ng h tr ma DBCS: Japanese, Chinese (Simplified), Chinese (Traditional), va Korean. C php: M ID(text,start_num,num_chars) MIDB(text,start_num,num_bytes) Text la chui vn ban cha cac ky t cn trich ra Start_num la vi tri ca ky t u tin cn trich ra trong chui vn ban. Num_chars la s ky t cn trich ra Num_bytes la s byte cn trich ra

Bi 3 TH & HNH V3.1. Gii thiu th

thi gip trnh by cc s liu kh khan bng vic ve thnh cc hnh nh trc quan, d hiu. thi c lin kt vi d liu ca n trong bng tnh, do khi thay i d liu ca n trong bng tnh thi lp tc thi se thay i tng ng theo. Trong Excel 2007 vic ve thi cha bao gi d dng v p nh by gi. Excel c rt nhiu kiu thi khc nhau phuc vu cho nhiu muc ch khc nhau ca rt nhiu loi i tng s dung bng tnh, chng ta se cng nhau khm ph th gii thi ca Excel trong bi hc ny. thi l mt i tng (object) ca Excel, i tng ny cha cc d liu v biu din thnh hnh nh vi mu sc v kiu dng rt phong ph. Nhn chung, Excel c 2 loi thi l thi nm trong WorkSheet (cn gi l Embedded chart) v ChartSheet. chuyn i qua li gia 2 loi thi ny ta lm nh sau: Chn thi Chart Tools Design Location Move Chart chn Object in + Tn Sheet ( thi nm trong Worksheet) hay chn New sheet + Nhp tn ChartSheet vo.

Hnh 3.1. Chn ChartSheet hay Embedded chart

3.2. V th

P

hn nay trinh bay cac bc ve thi t mt bng s liu cho trc va mt s ty chn ca thi. Kt qu nghin cu v s tha mn ca cac nhm khach hang phn theo tui c cho nh hinh bn di, nu chng ta dng kt qu nay bao cao cng khng c vn gi, tuy nhin bao cao se sinh ng va thuyt phuc hn nu chng ta bin cac con s nay thanh thi c nhin thy mt cach trc quan hn.

Hnh 3.2. Bng s liu nghin cu Hy lam theo cac bc sau ve thi : B1. Chn vng d liu A3:D9, chn lun cac nhn ca cac ct. B2. Chn kiu thi t Ribbon Insert Charts. Mi nhom thi bao gm nhiu kiu khac nhau, v du chng ta chn nhm Column Clustered Column.

Hnh 3.3. Chn kiu thi B3. Xong bc 2 la chng ta c ngay mt thi dng ct nh hinh trn , tuy nhin chung ta co th i cac b tri cua cac thanh phn trn thi . Chon thi Chart Tools Design Chart Layout Chn cach b tr thch hp . V du ta chn kiu Layout 3 trong Chart Layout. B4. ao cac chui s liu t dong thanh ct va ngc li: Chart Tools Design Data Switch Row/Column. Chng ta thc hin lnh nay khi cac thi bc trn cha hin thi ung nh mong mun . V du chng ta mun nhm cac nhm tui li d so sanh gia cac thang vi nhau.

Hnh 3.5. ao dong/ ct B5. Nu thy kiu thi trn khng ep, chng ta c th i sang kiu khac bng cach : Chart Tools Design Type Change Chart Type, hp thoai Insert Chart hin thi lit k toan b cac kiu thi hin co cua Excel tha h cho ban la chon. B6. Ngoai ra, nu ban thy tng mau cua thi cha ep thi vao chon Chart Tools Design Chart Styles chn More ( ).

Hnh 3.7. Chn Chart Style

3.3. Cc thao tc trn th3.3.1. Nhn bit cac thanh phn trn thi

Cac thanh phn thng dung

1. Chart Title 7. Horizontal Axis 2. Chart Area 8. Data Table 3. Plot Area 9. Horizontal Axis Title 4. Data Label 10. Vertical Gridlines 5. Legend 11. Vertical Axis 6. Horizontal Gridlines 12. Vertical Axis Title Hnh 3.8. Cac thanh phn trn thi Chart area: La toan b thi cha cac thanh phn khac trong thi . Plot area: Vng cha thi va cac bng s liu ca thi Chart title: Tiu chinh cua thi. Horizontal axis title: Tiu truc hoanh cua thi , xac inh kiu d liu trinh din trn truc hoanh. Vertical axis title: Tiu truc tung cua thi , xac inh kiu d liu trinh din trn truc tung. Legend: Cac ch thch, gip ta bit c thanh phn nao trong thi biu din cho chui s liu nao. Data label: Biu din cac s liu cu th kem theo trn thi Data table: Thay vi dung D ata label ta co th dung Data table ngay bn di hinh ve , la bng s liu ve thi. Horizontal axis: Truc nm ngang (truc hoanh) ca thi. Vertical axis: Truc dc (truc tung) ca thi. Horizontal gridlines: Cac dng li ngang. Vertical gridlines: Cac ng li dc. 3.3.2. Cc thao tc vi th Chon thanh phn trn thi Cach d nht la dng chut nhp ln thanh phn cn chn, thanh phn c chn se c 4 hoc 8 nt xut hin bao quanh. Khi thi c chn, chng ta c th dng cac phm mi tn di chuyn n cac thanh phn trong thi. Ngoai ra, bn c th chn cac thanh phn ti Chart Tools Format Current Selection.

Hnh 3.10. Chn thanh phn trn thi

Di chuyn thi thi la Embedded Chart , nhp trai chut ln thi vung Chart Area chon thi di chuyn , khi o u con tro chut c thm ky hiu mi tn 4 chiu (xem hinh di). Gi trai chut va di chuyn thi n ni khac. Thay i kich thc thi thi la Embedded Chart , hhp trai chut ln thi vung Chart Area chon thi cn thay i kich thc, khi o xung quanh thi xut hin 8 nt nm. Di chuyn chut vao cac nt nay, gi trai chut va keo hng v tm thi thu nho va hng ra ngoai phong to. Thm cac thanh phn ca thi Chn thi chn Chart Tools Design Chart Layouts S dung cac nhm lnh to cac thanh phn tng ng trn thi c thit k sn nh ta , ch thch, cc nhn, ng li, In thi In thi cng ging nh in cac i tng khac ca Excel lu y Print Preview trc khi in m bo trang in c trn vn ni dung. Nu bn mun in thi thanh mt trang ring thi hy chn thi va nhp nt Print in, khi Excel ch ra lnh in thi ma bn ang chn. 3.3.3. Hiu chnh v nh dng th

Vic hiu chnh va inh dng cac thanh phn trn thi ta c th dng Ribbon hay dng cac hp thoi. Cach d thc hin nht la nhp phi chut ln thanh phn cn inh dng va chn Format hay nhn . Sau y la minh ha hiu chnh va inh dng mt s thanh phn ca th. Hiu chnh Chart Area Chng ta c th hiu chnh mau sc, hiu ng, ng ke, khung, bng cho Chart Area bnh cach: chn Chart Area nhp phi chut chn Format Chart Area

Hnh 3.13. inh dng Chart Area Ngoai ra bn c th vao Ribbon Chart Tools Format nhm Shape Styles c cung cp rt nhiu mu inh dng dng sn rt p. Ghi ch: o Fill: Nhm lnh lin quan n t nn cho thanh phn ang chn o Border Color: Nhm lnh lin quan n k khung va mau sc ca thanh phn ang chn o Border Styles: Cac kiu ng ket k khung ca thanh phn ang chn. o Shadow: Lin quan n vic bng cho thanh phn ang chn. o 3-D Format: To hiu ng 3-D cho thanh phn ang chn.

Hnh 3.14. inh dng bng Ribbon Hiu chnh Flot Area

Chn Plot Area Chart Tools Format Shape Styles chn kiu inh dng

Phng to/ thu nh Plot Area Hnh 3.15. inh dng Plot Area Mun phng to/ thu nh Plot Area Nhp chut trai vao cac nt bao quan Plot Area va keo hng v Plot Area thu nh va hng ra ngoai Plot Area phng to. Hiu chnh tiu thi, ch thch, tiu truc hoanh va truc tung, Ty theo kiu thi ang x ly ma E xcel cho phep bn hiu chnh cac loi tiu ca kiu thi .

thm tiu chnh cho thi vao: Chart Tools Layout Labels Chart Title la chn kiu t danh sach thm tiu cho truc hoanh (hay truc tung) vao Chart Tools Layout Labels Axis Titles la chn kiu t danh sach thm ch thch vao Chart Tools Layout Labels Legend la chn kiu t danh sch thm nhn d liu vao Chart Tools Layout Labels Data Labels la chn kiu t danh sach thm bng d liu vao Chart Tools Layout Labels Data Table la chn kiu t danh sach. Ngoai ra chng ta c th chen cac Text Box vao thi Chart Tools Layout Insert Text Box.

Nhp phi chut ln thi va chn Select Data Chui s liu v ch thch

Ch thch truc hoanh

Hnh 3.16. Hiu chnh ch thch cho thi t hp thoi Data Source Hiu chnh cac truc

Mun hiu chnh thng s cho truc trn thi thi bn hy chn truc nhp phi chut chn Format Axis Sau y la gii thch cac thng s trong hp thoi Format Axis.

Value Axis Hu ht cac thi trinh bay gia tri trn truc tung va phn nhm trn truc hoanh. Cac bn nn chn th bit r hn cng dung ca cac ty chn. Minimum Xc inh gia tri nh nht trn truc (gia tri khi u) o Auto Excel t xac inh

o Fixed Qui inh gia tri nh nht cho truc Maximum Xac inh gia tri ln nht trn truc (gia tri kt thc) o Auto Excel t xac inh o Fixed Qui inh gia tri nh nht cho truc Major unit Xac inh gia tri cac khong chia chnh trn truc. o Auto Excel t xac inh o Fixed Qui inh gia tri nh nht cho truc Minor unit Xac inh gia tri cac khong chia phu trn truc. o Auto Excel t xac inh o Fixed Qui inh gia tri nh nht cho truc Values in reverse order o th t sp xp cac gia tri trn truc Logarithmic scale Chuyn cac gia tri trn truc sang h logarith vi c s do ta qui inh ti Base (khng th dng cho gia tri m hay bng 0) Display units Chn n vi hin thi trn truc. Show display units label on chart Cho hin thi cac nhn n vi trn thi Major tick mark type Qui inh cach hin thi ky hiu phn cch chnh trn thi. o None Khng s dung o Inside Hin thi pha bn trong truc o Outside Hin thi pha bn ngoai truc o Cross Hin thi ct ngang truc Minor tick mark type Qui inh cach hin thi ky hiu phn cch phu trn thi. Axis labels Xac inh cach hin thi cac nhn trn truc o None Khng s dung o High Hin thi pha bn phi truc o Low Hin thi pha bn trai truc o Next to Axis Hin thi k bn truc (theo mc inh) Horizontal axis crosses Cac la chn qui inh cach ma truc tung ct truc hoanh (i vi thi 3-D chnh la ty chn Floor crosses at) o Automatic Do Excel t xac inh. o Axis value Xac inh gia tri ma cac truc se giao nhau o Maximum axis value Hai truc se giao nhau ti gia tri ln nht trn truc (tung) Category Axis Interval between tick marks Xac inh s th hin cac nhm theo khong chia (c bao nhiu nhm trong mt khong chia, thng la mt nhm). Interval between labels Xac inh s xut hin ca nhn theo khong chia o Automatic Excel t xac inh (thng la 1) o Specify interval unit Xac inh nhn se xut hin sau bao nhiu khong chia trn truc. Categories in reverse order Cac nhm th hin theo th t ngc li Label distance from axis Xac inh khong cach ca nhn so vi truc Axis Type Xac inh loi truc s dung nh Automatic, Text axis hoc Date axis Major tick mark type Qui inh cach hin thi ky hiu phn cch chnh trn thi. Minor tick mark type Qui inh cach hin thi ky hiu phn cch phu trn thi. Axis labels Xac inh cach hin thi cac nhn trn truc Vertical axis crosses Cac la chn qui inh cach ma truc tung ct truc tung o Automatic Do Excel t xac inh. o At category number Xac inh s nhm m ti cac truc se giao nhau o At maximum category Hai truc se giao nhau ti gia tri ln nht trn truc Position Axis Qui inh cach hin thi ca cac nhm va nhn trn truc (Dng cho thi 2-D area, column, v line). o On tick marks Hin ngay ky hiu phn cch

o Between tick marks Hin gia cac ky hiu phn cch Time Scale Axis Minimum Xac inh gia tri (ngay) nh nht trn truc (ngay bt u) Maximum Xac inh gia tri (ngay) ln nht trn truc (ngay kt thc) Major unit Xac inh khong chia chnh trn truc (n vi la ngay, thang hay nm) Minor unit Xac inh khong chia phu trn truc (n vi la ngay, thang hay nm) Base Unit Xac inh n vi tnh cho truc Dates in reverse order Hin thi theo th t ngc li trn truc Axis Type Xac inh loi truc s dung nh Automatic, Text axis hoc Date axis Major tick mark type Qui inh cach hin thi ky hiu phn cach chnh trn thi. Minor tick mark type Qui inh cach hin thi ky hiu phn cch phu trn thi. Axis labels Xac inh cach hin thi cac nhn trn truc Vertical Axis crosses Cac la chn qui inh cach truc tung giao vi truc hoanh o Between dates Do Excel t xac inh o At date Giao nhau ti ngay do bn nhp vao o At maximum date Giao nhau ti ngay ln nht (gn y nht) trn truc Position Axis Qui inh cach hin thi ca cac nhm va nhn trn truc (Dng cho thi 2-D area, column, v line). o On tick marks Hin ngay ky hiu phn cach o Between tick marks Hin gia cac ky hiu phn cach 3.3.4. Cc thao tc vi chui s liu trong th Xa bt mt chui s liu khi thi Chn chui s liu trn thi (V du: chn ng cung) Nhn phm Delete trn ban phm xt chui khi thi

Hnh 3.18.Minh ha xa chui ng cung khi thi

Thm chui mi vao thi Chn thi cn thm chui mi vao. Chart Tools Design Data Select Data. Hp thoi Select Data Source xut hin. Nhp nt Add, hp thoi Edit Series xut hin t tn cho chui mi ti Series Name (bng tham chiu hoc nhp trc tip tn vao t bn phm) va chn vng cha d liu ti Series Values

Ngoai ra ta c th thm nhanh chui mi vao thi bng cach chep (Ctrl+C) d liu ca

n vao b nh, sau chn thi va dan (Ctrl+V) vao thi.

Thay i chui s liu

Cng vi v du trn nhng ta mun ch ve cho 2 sn phm Giy v Dp Chn thi cn chnh sa Chart Tools Design Data Select Data. Hp thoi Select Data Source xut hin. Chn chui cn chnh sa, nhp nt Edit, hp thoi Edit Series xut hin Chn li vng d liu mi ti Series Values. Lam tng t cho cac chui s liu khac.

Hnh 3.20. Minh ha thay i chui s liu Ngoai ra chng ta c th s dung ham Series cho thi. C phap nh sau: = Series(series_name, category_labels, values, order, sizes) T rong : Series_name: (ty chn) tham chiu n cha tn chui, bn c th nhp vn bn trc tip vao nh t trong cp nhay kep. Category_labels: (ty chn) tham chiu n vng cha cac nhn cho cac nhm s liu trn truc, nu b trng Excel t anh s cac nhm bt u la s 1. C th nhp trc tip cac nhn vao ngn cach nhau bng du phy va t trong cp ngoc mc {}. Values: (bt buc) tham chiu n vng cha s liu ca cac chui cn ve. Order: (bt buc) La s nguyn qui inh th t ve ca cac chui (nu thi c nhiu hn 1 chui) Sizes: (ch dng cho thi bong bng Bubble chart) Tham chiu n vng cha d liu v kch thc ca bong bng trong thi kiu Bubble (s dung trong phn tch ti chnh). Cac gia tri c th nhp trc tip ngn cach nhau bng du phy va t trong cp ngoc mc {}.

Hnh 3.21. Minh ha hm Series ca chui s liu thang 3/2008