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Bacterial Metabolism Metabolism – Sum up all the chemical processes that occur within a cell 1. Anabolism: Synthesis of more complex compounds and use of energy 2. Catabolism: Break down a substrate and capture energy

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Page 1: Bacterial Metabolism Metabolism – Sum up all the chemical processes that occur within a cell 1. Anabolism: Synthesis of more complex compounds and use

Bacterial MetabolismMetabolism

– Sum up all the chemical processes that occur within a cell1. Anabolism: Synthesis of more complex

compounds and use of energy

2. Catabolism: Break down a substrate and capture energy

Page 2: Bacterial Metabolism Metabolism – Sum up all the chemical processes that occur within a cell 1. Anabolism: Synthesis of more complex compounds and use

Overview of cell metabolism

Page 3: Bacterial Metabolism Metabolism – Sum up all the chemical processes that occur within a cell 1. Anabolism: Synthesis of more complex compounds and use

Bacterial Metabolism– Autotroph:

Photosynthetic bacterial

Chemoautotrophic bacteria

– Heterotroph:

Parasite

Saprophyte

Page 4: Bacterial Metabolism Metabolism – Sum up all the chemical processes that occur within a cell 1. Anabolism: Synthesis of more complex compounds and use

– After Sugars are made or obtained, they are the energy source of life.

– Breakdown of sugar(catabolism) different ways:

• Aerobic respiration• Anaerobic respiration • Fermentation

Energy Generating Patterns

Page 5: Bacterial Metabolism Metabolism – Sum up all the chemical processes that occur within a cell 1. Anabolism: Synthesis of more complex compounds and use

Photosynthesis(1) Higher plants

– Light reaction: Photolysis of H2O produce ATP and NADPH

– Two photosystem (I & II)Dark fixation: use the production from light reaction (ATP and NADPH) to fix CO2

Reaction:6CO2 + 6H2O -----> C6H12O6 +6O2

(Light and chloroplast)

Page 6: Bacterial Metabolism Metabolism – Sum up all the chemical processes that occur within a cell 1. Anabolism: Synthesis of more complex compounds and use
Page 7: Bacterial Metabolism Metabolism – Sum up all the chemical processes that occur within a cell 1. Anabolism: Synthesis of more complex compounds and use
Page 8: Bacterial Metabolism Metabolism – Sum up all the chemical processes that occur within a cell 1. Anabolism: Synthesis of more complex compounds and use

Bacteria Photosynthesis

i. Only one photosystem can not do photolysis of H2O

ii. H2O not the source of electron donor

iii. O2 never formed as a productiv. Bacterial chlorophyll absorb light at longer W.L.

v. Similar CO2 fixationvi. Only has cyclic photophosphorylation

Page 9: Bacterial Metabolism Metabolism – Sum up all the chemical processes that occur within a cell 1. Anabolism: Synthesis of more complex compounds and use

How the Bacteria synthesize NADPH Grow in the presence of the H2 gas

H2 + NADP+ ------------- NADPH2

hydrogenase Reverse the electron flow in the e- transport

chainH2S S

S + NADP+-------- SO4-2 + NADPH2

Succinate Fumarate Simple non-cyclic photosynthetic e- flow

Page 10: Bacterial Metabolism Metabolism – Sum up all the chemical processes that occur within a cell 1. Anabolism: Synthesis of more complex compounds and use

Chlorophyll a and bacteriochlophyll a(1)

Page 11: Bacterial Metabolism Metabolism – Sum up all the chemical processes that occur within a cell 1. Anabolism: Synthesis of more complex compounds and use

Chlorophyll a and bacteriochlophyll a(2)

Page 12: Bacterial Metabolism Metabolism – Sum up all the chemical processes that occur within a cell 1. Anabolism: Synthesis of more complex compounds and use

Anoxygenic photosynthesis

Page 13: Bacterial Metabolism Metabolism – Sum up all the chemical processes that occur within a cell 1. Anabolism: Synthesis of more complex compounds and use

Anoxygenic versus oxygenic phototrophs(2)

Page 14: Bacterial Metabolism Metabolism – Sum up all the chemical processes that occur within a cell 1. Anabolism: Synthesis of more complex compounds and use

Anoxygenic versus oxygenic phototrophs(1)

Page 15: Bacterial Metabolism Metabolism – Sum up all the chemical processes that occur within a cell 1. Anabolism: Synthesis of more complex compounds and use

Photosynthetic bacteria(1) Chlorobium-green sulfur bacteria

Use green pigment chlorophyll

Use H2S (hydrogen sulfide), S (sulfur), Na2S2O3 (sodium thiosulfate) and H2 as e- donors.

(2) Chromatium-purple sulfur bacteria Use purple carotenoid pigment, same e-donors

(3) Rhodospirillum-non sulfur purple bacteria Use H2 and other organic compounds such as isopropanol etc,

as e-donors.

Reaction: CO2 + 2H2A -----> CH20 + H20 +2A A is not O

Page 16: Bacterial Metabolism Metabolism – Sum up all the chemical processes that occur within a cell 1. Anabolism: Synthesis of more complex compounds and use

Chemautotroph– Some bacteria use O2 in the air to oxidize

inorganic compounds and produce ATP (energy). The energy is enough to convert CO2 into organic material needed for cell growth.

– Examples:Thiobacillus (sulfur S)

Nitorsomonas (ammonia)

Nitrobacter (nitrite)

– Various genera (hydrogen etc.)

Page 17: Bacterial Metabolism Metabolism – Sum up all the chemical processes that occur within a cell 1. Anabolism: Synthesis of more complex compounds and use

Aerobic respiration– Most efficient way to extract energy from

glucose.– Process: Glycolysis

Kreb Cycle

Electron transport chain– Glycolysis: Several glycolytic pathways– The most common one:

glucose-----> pyruvic acid + 2 NADH + 2ATP

Page 18: Bacterial Metabolism Metabolism – Sum up all the chemical processes that occur within a cell 1. Anabolism: Synthesis of more complex compounds and use

Aerobic respiration– Euk. glucose -----> G-6-P----->F-6-P-----> …... 2 pyruvate +2ATP + 2NADH– Prok. glucose-----> G-6-P------>F-6-P– Process take places during transport of the

substrate. Phosphate is from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)

.....-----> 2 pyruvate +2ATP + 2NADH

Page 19: Bacterial Metabolism Metabolism – Sum up all the chemical processes that occur within a cell 1. Anabolism: Synthesis of more complex compounds and use

– Kreb cycle:Pyruvate + 4NAD + FAD ----->

3CO2 +4NADH + FADHGDP + Pi -----> GTPGTP + ADP -----> ATP + GDP

– Electron trasnport Chain4HADH -----> 12 ATPFADH ------> 2 ATP Total 15 ATP Glycolysis -----> 8 ATP

– Total equation:C6H12O6 + 6O2 ------> 6CO2 + 6H2O + 38 ATP

Page 20: Bacterial Metabolism Metabolism – Sum up all the chemical processes that occur within a cell 1. Anabolism: Synthesis of more complex compounds and use
Page 21: Bacterial Metabolism Metabolism – Sum up all the chemical processes that occur within a cell 1. Anabolism: Synthesis of more complex compounds and use
Page 22: Bacterial Metabolism Metabolism – Sum up all the chemical processes that occur within a cell 1. Anabolism: Synthesis of more complex compounds and use
Page 23: Bacterial Metabolism Metabolism – Sum up all the chemical processes that occur within a cell 1. Anabolism: Synthesis of more complex compounds and use
Page 24: Bacterial Metabolism Metabolism – Sum up all the chemical processes that occur within a cell 1. Anabolism: Synthesis of more complex compounds and use
Page 25: Bacterial Metabolism Metabolism – Sum up all the chemical processes that occur within a cell 1. Anabolism: Synthesis of more complex compounds and use

Generation of a proton-motive force(1)

Page 26: Bacterial Metabolism Metabolism – Sum up all the chemical processes that occur within a cell 1. Anabolism: Synthesis of more complex compounds and use

Generation of a proton-motive force(2)

Page 27: Bacterial Metabolism Metabolism – Sum up all the chemical processes that occur within a cell 1. Anabolism: Synthesis of more complex compounds and use

Mechanism of ATPase

Page 28: Bacterial Metabolism Metabolism – Sum up all the chemical processes that occur within a cell 1. Anabolism: Synthesis of more complex compounds and use

Anaerobic respiration– Final electron acceptor : never be O2 Sulfate reducer: final electron acceptor is sodium

sulfate (Na2 SO4) Methane reducer: final electron acceptor is CO2 Nitrate reducer : final electroon acceptor is

sodium nitrate (NaNO3)

O2/H2O coupling is the most oxidizing, more energy

in aerobic respiration.

Therefore, anaerobic is less energy efficient.

Page 29: Bacterial Metabolism Metabolism – Sum up all the chemical processes that occur within a cell 1. Anabolism: Synthesis of more complex compounds and use
Page 30: Bacterial Metabolism Metabolism – Sum up all the chemical processes that occur within a cell 1. Anabolism: Synthesis of more complex compounds and use
Page 31: Bacterial Metabolism Metabolism – Sum up all the chemical processes that occur within a cell 1. Anabolism: Synthesis of more complex compounds and use
Page 32: Bacterial Metabolism Metabolism – Sum up all the chemical processes that occur within a cell 1. Anabolism: Synthesis of more complex compounds and use

Fermentation Glycosis:Glucose ----->2 Pyruvate + 2ATP + 2NADH

Fermentation pathwaysa. Homolactic acid F.

P.A -----> Lactic Acideg. Streptococci, Lactobacilli

b.Alcoholic F.P.A -----> Ethyl alcoholeg. yeast

Page 33: Bacterial Metabolism Metabolism – Sum up all the chemical processes that occur within a cell 1. Anabolism: Synthesis of more complex compounds and use
Page 34: Bacterial Metabolism Metabolism – Sum up all the chemical processes that occur within a cell 1. Anabolism: Synthesis of more complex compounds and use
Page 35: Bacterial Metabolism Metabolism – Sum up all the chemical processes that occur within a cell 1. Anabolism: Synthesis of more complex compounds and use

c. Mixed acid fermentationP.A -----> lactic acid

acetic acid H2 + CO2 succinic acid ethyl alcohol

eg. E.coli and some enterbacterd. Butylene-glycol F.

P.A -----> 2,3, butylene glycoleg. Pseudomonas

e. Propionic acid F.P.A -----> 2 propionic acideg. Propionibacterium

Page 36: Bacterial Metabolism Metabolism – Sum up all the chemical processes that occur within a cell 1. Anabolism: Synthesis of more complex compounds and use

Alternative energy generating patterns(1)

Page 37: Bacterial Metabolism Metabolism – Sum up all the chemical processes that occur within a cell 1. Anabolism: Synthesis of more complex compounds and use

Alternative energy generating patterns(2)

Page 38: Bacterial Metabolism Metabolism – Sum up all the chemical processes that occur within a cell 1. Anabolism: Synthesis of more complex compounds and use

Alternative energy generating patterns(3)

Page 39: Bacterial Metabolism Metabolism – Sum up all the chemical processes that occur within a cell 1. Anabolism: Synthesis of more complex compounds and use

Alternative energy generating patterns(4)

Page 40: Bacterial Metabolism Metabolism – Sum up all the chemical processes that occur within a cell 1. Anabolism: Synthesis of more complex compounds and use

Energy/carbon classes of organisms

Page 41: Bacterial Metabolism Metabolism – Sum up all the chemical processes that occur within a cell 1. Anabolism: Synthesis of more complex compounds and use

Chlorophyll a and bacteriochlophyll a(3)

Page 42: Bacterial Metabolism Metabolism – Sum up all the chemical processes that occur within a cell 1. Anabolism: Synthesis of more complex compounds and use

Comparison of reaction centers of anoxyphototrophs

Page 43: Bacterial Metabolism Metabolism – Sum up all the chemical processes that occur within a cell 1. Anabolism: Synthesis of more complex compounds and use
Page 44: Bacterial Metabolism Metabolism – Sum up all the chemical processes that occur within a cell 1. Anabolism: Synthesis of more complex compounds and use
Page 45: Bacterial Metabolism Metabolism – Sum up all the chemical processes that occur within a cell 1. Anabolism: Synthesis of more complex compounds and use
Page 46: Bacterial Metabolism Metabolism – Sum up all the chemical processes that occur within a cell 1. Anabolism: Synthesis of more complex compounds and use

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