microbial metabolism anabolism -...
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Microbial MetabolismAnabolismChing-Tsan Huang (黃慶璨)Office: Agronomy Hall, Room 111Tel: (02) 33664454E-mail: [email protected]
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Overview of Anabolism
http://lecturer.ukdw.ac.id/dhira/Metabolism/Anabolism.html
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PhotosynthesisPhototrophs• Photoautotrophs: CO2 as carbon source• Photoheterotrophs: Organic carbon as carbon
source
Light reaction• light energy is trapped and converted to chemical
energy
Dark reaction• reduce or fix CO2 and synthesize cell constituents
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Energy Trapping
Oxygenic
Anoxygenic
Oxygenic Anoxygenic
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Light ReactionChlorophyll and bacteriochlorophyllRequired in photosynthesis
Photosynthetic membranesFound inside the cell membrane and
include chlorophyll pigments and other light-gathering apparatus
Eucaryotes & Cyanobacteria
Green & Purple Bacteria
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Light ReactionReaction centerParticipate directly in the conversion of light energy to ATP
Antenna pigmentsHarvest light energy and funnel to the reaction center (RC)
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Electron flow in photosynthesis
Oxygenic Anoxygenic
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Overview of Photosynthesis
Source: U.S. Department of Energy Genome Programs http://genomics.energy.gov.
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Autotrophsobtain energy by trapping light during photosynthesis or by oxidizing or reduced inorganic electron donors
Calvin cycle• Purple bacteria,
cyanobacteria, algae and green plants 6 RuBP + 6 CO2
12 PGA6 RuBP + Fructose 6-P
Prescott et al. Microbiology 5th, 2002
Autotrophic fixation of CO2
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Autotrophic fixation of CO2
Reverse citric acid cycleGreen sulfur bacteria
Hydroxypropionate pathway
• Green nonsulfur bacteria
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MethyltrophyC1 Assimilation
The serine pathway
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MethyltrophyC1 Assimilation
The ribulose monophosphate pathway
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Synthesis of pyruvate to glucose Gluconeogenesis: Heterotrophs synthesize sugars by reducing organic molecules
Glucoeogenesis Glycolysis
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Synthesis of SugarsGluconeogenesis synthesize glucose and fructose from
noncarbohydrate precursors
Sugar nucleoside diphosphates synthesis of other sugars ,
polysaccharides, and bacterial cell walls
ATP + glucose 1-P ADP-glucose + PPi
(glucose)n + ADP-glucose (glucose)n+1 + ADP
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Synthesis of Polysaccharides
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Synthesis of amino acids
Oxaloacetate
Phosphoenolpyruvate
-ketoglutarate
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Lipid synthesisTriacrylglycerols & phospholipids
Fatty acid synthesis
ACP: acryl carrier protein