basic bacterial metabolism
TRANSCRIPT
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Bacterial MetabolismMetabolism– Sum up all the chemical processes that
occur within a cell1. Anabolism: Synthesis of more complex
compounds and use of energy2. Catabolism: Break down a substrate and
capture energy
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Overview of cell metabolism
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Bacterial Metabolism– Autotroph:
Photosynthetic bacterial
Chemoautotrophic bacteria– Heterotroph:
Parasite
Saprophyte
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– After Sugars are made or obtained, they are the energy source of life.
– Breakdown of sugar(catabolism) different ways:
• Aerobic respiration• Anaerobic respiration • Fermentation
Energy Generating Patterns
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Photosynthesis(1) Higher plants
– Light reaction: Photolysis of H2O produce ATP and NADPH
– Two photosystem (I & II)Dark fixation: use the production from light reaction (ATP and NADPH) to fix CO2
Reaction:6CO2 + 6H2O -----> C6H12O6 +6O2
(Light and chloroplast)
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Bacteria Photosynthesisi. Only one photosystem can not do photolysis
of H2Oii. H2O not the source of electron donoriii. O2 never formed as a productiv. Bacterial chlorophyll absorb light at longer W.L.v. Similar CO2 fixationvi. Only has cyclic photophosphorylation
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How the Bacteria synthesize NADPH Grow in the presence of the H2 gasH2 + NADP+ ------------- NADPH2
hydrogenase Reverse the electron flow in the e- transport
chainH2S SS + NADP+-------- SO4
-2 + NADPH2Succinate Fumarate Simple non-cyclic photosynthetic e- flow
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Chlorophyll a and bacteriochlophyll a(1)
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Chlorophyll a and bacteriochlophyll a(2)
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Anoxygenic photosynthesis
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Anoxygenic versus oxygenic phototrophs(2)
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Anoxygenic versus oxygenic phototrophs(1)
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Photosynthetic bacteria(1) Chlorobium-green sulfur bacteria
Use green pigment chlorophyllUse H2S (hydrogen sulfide), S (sulfur), Na2S2O3 (sodium thiosulfate) and H2 as e- donors.
(2) Chromatium-purple sulfur bacteria Use purple carotenoid pigment, same e-donors
(3) Rhodospirillum-non sulfur purple bacteria Use H2 and other organic compounds such as isopropanol etc,
as e-donors.
Reaction: CO2 + 2H2A -----> CH20 + H20 +2A A is not O
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Chemautotroph– Some bacteria use O2 in the air to oxidize
inorganic compounds and produce ATP (energy). The energy is enough to convert CO2 into organic material needed for cell growth.
– Examples:Thiobacillus (sulfur S)Nitorsomonas (ammonia)Nitrobacter (nitrite)
– Various genera (hydrogen etc.)
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Aerobic respiration– Most efficient way to extract energy from
glucose.– Process: Glycolysis
Kreb Cycle Electron transport chain
– Glycolysis: Several glycolytic pathways– The most common one:glucose-----> pyruvic acid + 2 NADH + 2ATP
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Aerobic respiration– Euk. glucose -----> G-6-P----->F-6-P-----> …... 2 pyruvate +2ATP + 2NADH– Prok. glucose-----> G-6-P------>F-6-P– Process take places during transport of the
substrate. Phosphate is from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)
.....-----> 2 pyruvate +2ATP + 2NADH
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– Kreb cycle:Pyruvate + 4NAD + FAD ----->
3CO2 +4NADH + FADHGDP + Pi -----> GTPGTP + ADP -----> ATP + GDP
– Electron trasnport Chain4HADH -----> 12 ATPFADH ------> 2 ATP Total 15 ATP Glycolysis -----> 8 ATP
– Total equation:C6H12O6 + 6O2 ------> 6CO2 + 6H2O + 38 ATP
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Generation of a proton-motive force(1)
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Generation of a proton-motive force(2)
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Mechanism of ATPase
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Anaerobic respiration– Final electron acceptor : never be O2 Sulfate reducer: final electron acceptor is sodium
sulfate (Na2 SO4) Methane reducer: final electron acceptor is CO2 Nitrate reducer : final electroon acceptor is
sodium nitrate (NaNO3)
O2/H2O coupling is the most oxidizing, more energy
in aerobic respiration.
Therefore, anaerobic is less energy efficient.
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Fermentation Glycosis:Glucose ----->2 Pyruvate + 2ATP + 2NADH
Fermentation pathwaysa. Homolactic acid F.
P.A -----> Lactic Acideg. Streptococci, Lactobacilli
b.Alcoholic F.P.A -----> Ethyl alcoholeg. yeast
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c. Mixed acid fermentationP.A -----> lactic acid
acetic acid H2 + CO2 succinic acid ethyl alcohol
eg. E.coli and some enterbacterd. Butylene-glycol F.
P.A -----> 2,3, butylene glycoleg. Pseudomonas
e. Propionic acid F.P.A -----> 2 propionic acideg. Propionibacterium
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Alternative energy generating patterns(1)
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Alternative energy generating patterns(2)
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Alternative energy generating patterns(3)
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Alternative energy generating patterns(4)
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Energy/carbon classes of organisms
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Chlorophyll a and bacteriochlophyll a(3)
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Comparison of reaction centers of anoxyphototrophs
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