b lood chapter 12. f unctions transport heat distribution fluid regulation
TRANSCRIPT
BLOODChapter 12
FUNCTIONS
Transport Heat Distribution Fluid Regulation
COMPONENTS
Red Blood Cells White Blood Cells Platelets (cell fragments) Plasma (fluid)
BLOOD VOLUME AND COMPOSITION
45% Red Blood Cells (Hematocrit) 55% Plasma <1% White Blood Cells/Platelets Avg. adult has 5L of blood
Fun fact: Men have more blood than women
Centrifuged Blood Sample
Plasma
“Buffy coat” (white blood cells and platelets)
Red blood cells
RED BLOOD CELLS
AKA Erythrocytes Biconcave discs No nucleus Carry hemoglobin
HEMOGLOBIN
Carries oxygen When carrying oxygen, appears bright red No oxygen, appears darker (bluish)
Iron needed to make hemoglobin Low iron or RBC’s-anemia Lowers oxygen carrying ability
Low energy Sickle Cell
RED BLOOD CELL PRODUCTION/DESTRUCTION
Red Bone Marrow
With age, capillary transport damages RBCs
These damaged cells are broken down
WHITE BLOOD CELLS
AKA leukocytes Body’s defenders against disease Can leave blood and go to tissues Five types
Some of these engulf harmful particles
WHITE BLOOD CELL COUNTS
High WBC counts can indicate illness
PLATELETS
Cell fragments Function: blood clotting
Travel to site of bleeding and “plug up” the leak
PLASMA
Mostly water Functions to transport nutrients and gases,
regulate fluid and electrolyte balance, and maintain a favorable pH
STOPPING BLEEDING
Hemostasis: stoppage of bleeding1. Blood vessel spasm2. Platelet plug3. Blood coagulation (clotting)
Thrombus Embolus
Endothelial lining Collagen fiber
Break invessel wall
Platelet Red blood cell
Blood escapingthrough break
Platelets adhereto each other,to end of brokenvessel, and toexposed collagen
Platelet plughelps controlblood loss
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BLOOD TYPES
Blood type is determined by which proteins are present on red blood cells Proteins = Antigens Antigens = A, B, Rh
Blood Types A, B, AB, O Can be positive or negative
TYPE A
Has A antigen (protein) May or may not contain Rh Factor
TYPE B
Has B antigen (protein) May or may not contain Rh factor
TYPE AB
Has A and B antigens May or may not contain Rh factor
TYPE O
Has neither A or B antigens May or may not contain Rh factor
ANTIBODIES
A person will make antibodies against any antigens they do not have in their own blood
What is an antibody? Attacks foreign material; released by a type of WBC
A type A person will make antibodies against what antigen?
Type B? Type AB? Type O? What if a person is Rh – or +?
AGGLUTINATION
If an antibody detects its corresponding antigen, the red blood cells will start to clump
This clumping is called agglutination
Why is this a problem with blood transfusions?
BLOOD TYPE REVIEW
UNIVERSAL DONOR AND RECEIVER
Which blood type is the universal donor?
Receiver?
BLOOD COMPATIBILITY
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Rh-negativewoman withRh-positivefetus
Cells fromRh-positivefetus enterwoman’sBloodstream.
In the nextRh-positivepregnancy,maternalantibodiesattack fetal redblood cells
Womanbecomessensitized—antibodies ( )form to fightRh-positiveblood cells
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
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RH FACTOR PROBLEM
Rh- mother bears an Rh+ baby No problem with FIRST BABY because the
mother is NOT exposed to the Rh+ blood until birth
If there is exposure, mother will produce antibodies to attack Rh protein
If mother bears other Rh+ children, the anti-Rh antibodies may enter the growing baby’s blood and attack the baby’s RBC
Lack of oxygen due to decreased or damaged RBCs can cause brain damage or death