automatic missed approach and late go-around detection
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Automatic missed approach and late go-around detection
Job BrJob Brüüggenggen
Safety ManagerSafety Manager
ATC The NetherlandsATC The Netherlands
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18th June 20132Automatic Missed Approach and Late go-around detection
Background (2007)•Near mid-air collision at Schiphol between Airbus A318 approaching to RWY18c and Boeing 737 departing from RWY24.
•Airbus A318 made a missed approach and crossed path of the departing B737. Closest distance 460m at same altitude.
TO Clearance KL1027 GA AF3484 GA Undetected
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18th June 20133Automatic Missed Approach and Late go-around detection
We can’t be the only one …
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18th June 20134Automatic Missed Approach and Late go-around detection
…SPL dependent rwy combinations
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18th June 20135Automatic Missed Approach and Late go-around detection
Estimated collision risk 8.5 x 10 -9
Missed approach
2 x 10-3
Inadequate timing
1 x 10-1
No ATC resolution
1 x 10-1
No pilot (TCAS) resolution
8.5 x 10-1No separation
5 x 10-4
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18th June 20136Automatic Missed Approach and Late go-around detection
Mitigation measures
1. Restrict use of dependent rwy combinations
2. Change the timing procedure3. Monitor operations4. Training and Safety Culture5. Increase detection probability
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18th June 20137Automatic Missed Approach and Late go-around detection
5.1 Increase detection probability
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18th June 20138Automatic Missed Approach and Late go-around detection
5.2 track vector on GND radar
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18th June 20139Automatic Missed Approach and Late go-around detection
5.3 automatic go-around detection
Landing
Aircraft?
Landing
Aircraft?
Non-nominal
landing
parameters?
Non-nominal
landing
parameters?
Alert!Alert!yes yes
Surveillance
reportdetection
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18th June 201310Automatic Missed Approach and Late go-around detection
Preliminary Algorithm
• Preliminary algorithm developed on minimum amount of readily available data (with limited resolution and sample rate):
– Position [x, y]: 1/64 NM– Mode-C altitude: 100 ft– Groundspeed: 1 kts– Tracker sample rate: 1/4.19 (0.24) Hz
• Dataset contains MA/GA plus flights with severe weather landings
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18th June 201311Automatic Missed Approach and Late go-around detection
Algorithm Development per phase•High final: deviation from reference path•Low final: persistent pos. ROC•Stable final: path deviation+positive ROC•Flare/Land: altitude•Overshoot: by definition, if not land
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18th June 201312Automatic Missed Approach and Late go-around detection
Results (1/3) for 293 MA, 2011
-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 100
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000GA detection performance for all missed approaches 2011
Distance to Threshold [nm]
Hei
ght
[ft]
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18th June 201313Automatic Missed Approach and Late go-around detection13
Results (2/3)Number of Detections per Phase (293 cases, 2011)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
1 2 3 4 5
High final Low final Stable final Flare/Land Overshoot
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18th June 201314Automatic Missed Approach and Late go-around detection
Results (2/3)Identified Go-around Altitude (293 cases, 2011)
14
0 500 1000 1500 2000 25000
10
20
30
40
50
60
Height of go-around detection [ft]
Num
ber
of c
ases
Go-around detection height, all phases
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18th June 201315Automatic Missed Approach and Late go-around detection
Results (3/3)Estimated Detection Delay per Phase
0 10 20 30 400
2
4
6
8
10Phase 1: high final
nr. of
cas
es
10 20 30 40 500
10
20
30
40Phase 2: low final
nr. of
cas
es0 10 20 30
0
10
20
30
40
50Phase 3: stable final
Estimated detection delay [sec]
nr. of
cas
es
0 10 20 300
2
4
6
8Phase 4: flare & land
Estimated detection delay [sec]nr
. of
cas
es
MEAN [SEC] STANDARD DEVIATION [SEC]
Phase 1 20.6 8.1
Phase 2 21.5 6.8
Phase 3 10.7 4.4
Phase 4 16.9 6.3
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18th June 201316Automatic Missed Approach and Late go-around detection
Achievable responsiveness
2000 ft
1200 ft
0 1 2 3 4a 4b 5
Intermediate
Approach
High Final
Approach
Low Final
Approach
Stable Final
Approach
500 ft
Flare Landing Run Overshoot
50 ft
22 s22 s 11 s11 s 17 s17 s21 s21 s
False alerts:
- non-stabilised approach
- circling
Options for improvement
-Use 25 ft altitude resolution Mode S
-Use Multilateration data for 1 sec update
6.2 NM / ~2.7 min ~1.9 NM / ~1 min
11 % 32 % 43 % 13 % 0 %Probability of missed approach:
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18th June 201317Automatic Missed Approach and Late go-around detection
Complications
1.05 1.1 1.15 1.2 1.25 1.3 1.35
x 105
4.76
4.78
4.8
4.82
4.84
4.86
4.88
4.9
4.92
4.94
4.96
x 105
AMS PAMSPL
OM 06
OM 27
OA L18C
OM 18C
WP L27
AMEGA
Approach 18R, MA 18R identified, approach 24,
circling 22, MA 22, circling 27 all correctly identified.
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18th June 201318Automatic Missed Approach and Late go-around detection
Simulator sessions
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18th June 201319Automatic Missed Approach and Late go-around detection
Automatic Go around detection: results• Operational concept defined• HMI acceptable• Functionality usable• Implementation before winter operations
2014.
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LuchtverkeersleidingNederland
BezoekadresStationsplein ZuidWest 10011117 CV SCHIPHOL
PostadresPostbus 752001117 ZT SCHIPHOL
T +31 (0)20 4062000 F +31 (0)20 6484999
E [email protected] www.lvnl.nl
www.luchtverkeersleider.nl