Early Civilizations, c. 8000–900 bce ....................................... 2

The Spread of Agriculture, c. 10,000–1000 bce .................... 3

Mesopotamia and Egypt, c. 4000–1000 bce ......................... 4

Trade and Settlements, 2500–1250 bce................................. 5

Indo-European Migrations, c. 4000–1000 bce ...................... 6

The Spread of World Religions, c. 500 bce – 600 ce ............. 7

The Peloponnesian War, 431–404 bce .................................. 8

Alexander the Great’s Empire, 323 bce ................................ 9

Mesoamerican Societies, c. 1200 bce – 900 ce .................... 10

Expansion of the Roman Empire ........................................ 11

Major States and Cultures of the World, c. 100 ce ............ 12

Trade Goods of the Roman Empire, c. 100 ce ................... 13

The Roman Empire and Germanic Migrations, 400 ce ....... 14

Europe and the Byzantine Empire, 525–565 ce ................. 15

Trade Routes in the Indian Ocean, c. 500–1000 ce ............ 16

The Spread of Islam, c. 622–750 ce .................................... 17

Asia, c. 750 ce ..................................................................... 18

Mongol Empires, 13th Century ........................................... 19

Medieval Europe, c. 950–1300 ............................................ 20

Africa, c. 1200–1600 ............................................................ 21

South American States, c. 500–1532 ce .............................. 22

Asia, c. 1500 ........................................................................ 23

Europe, 1494–1560 ............................................................. 24

Europe, 1648 ....................................................................... 25

The Ottoman Empire to 1672 ............................................. 26

African Slave Trade, c. 1780 ............................................... 27

Exploration and Colonization, c. 1700 ................................ 28

European Trading Colonies in Asia, c. 1750 ....................... 29

Decline of the Ottoman Empire, 1774–1914 ...................... 30

Europe, 1815 ....................................................................... 31

Latin American Independence, 19th Century ..................... 32

Industrialization and Urbanization in Europe, c. 1850 ........ 33

Imperialism in the Modern World, 1900 ............................. 34

Asian Imperialism to 1910 ................................................... 35

Shifting European Alliances, 1870–1914 ............................. 36

Africa, 1914 ......................................................................... 37

World War I, 1914–1917 ...................................................... 38

Europe Between the Wars, 1918–1939 ............................... 39

Japanese Expansion in Asia, 1895–1941 ............................ 40

World War II, European Theater, 1940–1945 ...................... 41

World War II in the Pacific, 1941–1945 ............................... 42

Cold War Europe, 1946–1990 ............................................. 43

The Korean War, 1950–1953 ............................................... 44

The Vietnam War, 1964–1975 ............................................. 45

Russia and the Former Soviet Union, 1991 ......................... 46

Independent States to 1991 ............................................... 47

The Persian Gulf War, 1991 ................................................. 48

The Conflict in Afghanistan, 2001 ....................................... 49

Palestine and Israel ............................................................. 50

World Religions ................................................................... 51

States of the World, 2012 ................................................... 52

Index .................................................................................... 53

Atlas ofWORLD HISTORY

Contents

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MESOAMERICAc. 5000 BCE

PERUc. 4000 BCE

Chavin c. 900 BCE

CENTRAL AFRICA c. 3000 BCE

Kushc. 1000 BCE

NILE VALLEY c. 5000 BCE

Egyptc. 3100 BCE Sumer

c. 3500 BCE

Indus Valleyc. 2500 BCE

INDUSVALLEYc. 3000

BCE

MIDDLEEAST

c. 8000 BCE

Hittitesc. 3500 BCE

Greecec. 1300 BCE

GREECE c. 4000 BCE

SOUTHEASTASIA

c. 8000 BCE

Shang Chinac. 1700 BCE

JAPANc. 3000 BCE

CHINAc. 4000 BCE

Olmecs c. 1200 BCE

PACIF IC

OCEAN

ATLANTIC

OCEAN

INDIAN

OCEAN

ARCTIC OCEAN ARCTIC OCEAN

60° N

30° N

0°

30° S

60° S

0° 30° E 60° E 90° E 120° E 150° E

180°

60° W90° W120° W

150° W

30° W

Major civilizations

Agricultural areas

EARLY CIVILIZATIONS, c. 8000–900 BCE

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MESOAMERICAMaize, beans, squash.

WEST AFRICAYams, sorghum.

EAST ASIAMillet, rice, wheat, barley,

soybeans, mulberry, sorghum.Pigs, chickens.

SOUTHEAST ASIABananas, yams, peas, rice.

Pigs, oxen, chickens.

SOUTHWEST ASIAWheat, barley. Cattle,

sheep, goats, pigs.

SOUTH AMERICAMaize, beans, squash, potatoes,

tomatoes. Llama and alpaca.PACIF IC

OCEAN

ATLA NTIC

OCE AN

INDIAN

OCEA N

ARCTIC O CEAN ARCTIC O CEAN

60° N

30° N

0°

30° S

60° S

0° 30° E 60° E 90° E 120° E 150° E

180°

60° W90° W120° W

150° W

30° W

THE SPREAD OF AGRICULTURE, c. 10,000–1000 BCE

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