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Association of Energy Engineers of NY

Changing Role of Distributed Generation

Margarett JollyDG Manager - Distribution Engineering

January 18th, 2011

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• Demand Side Energy Sources

•Typically up to 20MW

•Typically customer supply

•Emergency, peak shave, baseload, renewable

•Solar - least MW most installations

So What is Distributed Generation?

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The Electric System

Network SystemsSupply 86% of System Demand

Non-Network SystemsSupply 14% of System Demand

Generating Station(electricity generated at 13.8 to 22.0 kV)

Transmission Substation

Area Substation(voltage stepped down to distribution voltage)

Transformers(voltage stepped down to 480, 208, or 120 V)

Feeders

How DG Fits

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Customer Utility

Meter

Customer Supply Panel

Distributed Generation

NET METER

OR

L

L

Non-Network

Network

Historical Electricity DemandWill Continue to Grow

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6,000

7,000

8,000

9,000

10,000

11,000

12,000

13,000

14,000

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Ele

ctri

c P

eak

(MW

)

Stock Market Crash(1987)

Oil Shock

Iranian Revolution

Iran/Iraq War(1979)

9/11

(2001)

Oil Embargo(1973)

NYC FiscalCrisis(1975)

EnlightenedEnergy Program

The Great Recession

Decline (1979)

Decline (2009 & 2010)

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The Reality - Under the Streets

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

2002 2004 2006 2008 2010

DG Applications

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Distributed Generation on the Rise

Technology MWInternal Combustion Engine 124 37.0%

Combustion Turbine 132 39.4%

Steam Turbine 64 19.1%

Hydroelectric 2.0 0.6%

Fuel Cell 3.5 1.0%

Microturbine 5.0 1.5%

Photovoltaic 4.5 1.3%

Total 335 100%

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Distribution of DG by kWPV 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Totals

Brooklyn 306 55 115.5 0 90.8 502.8 1,070

Bronx 0 45.8 0 144.2 369.5 796.1 1,356

Manhattan 2 108 150 8 62 154 483

Queens 2.1 209.5 141.5 34 321.77 1446.2 2,155

Staten Island 0 0 9.9 10.2 107.3 163.4 291

Westchester 0 48.9 203.58 381.05 850.74 869.32 2,354

Total 310 467 620 578 1,802 3,932 7,709

CHP 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Totals

Brooklyn 0 2,080 0 300 900 597 3,877

Bronx 625 225 440 75 45,280 46,645

Manhattan 2,400 1,445 1,825 4,020 8,365 23,865 41,920

Queens 185 200 0 430 2,700 150 3,665

Staten Island 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Westchester 0 75 450 0 0 150 675

Total 3,210 4,025 2,715 4,825 11,965 70,042 96,782

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Distribution of DG by number of customersPV 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Totals

Brooklyn 2 2 8 0 14 22 48

Bronx 0 3 0 16 18 15 52

Manhattan 1 3 7 2 6 15 34

Queens 1 6 7 4 15 59 92

Staten Island 0 0 2 2 4 20 28

Westchester 0 9 30 29 76 45 189

Total 4 23 54 53 133 176 443

CHP 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Totals

Brooklyn 0 13 0 4 6 9 32

Bronx 3 2 4 1 0 2 12

Manhattan 2 3 2 7 8 4 26

Queens 2 1 0 4 5 1 13

Staten Island 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Westchester 0 1 3 0 0 1 5

Total 7 20 9 16 19 17 88

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Renewable Distributed Generation

Initiatives are in place and evolving

• Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI)

• New York State

– Net metering

– Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS)

– State Energy Plan

– Potential changes under Cuomo?

• New York City

– PlaNYC 2030 calls for 800 MW of DG by 2030

– Solar America City Initiative (DOE)

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DG Technical Impacts on Distribution System

• Increased fault duty on company circuit breakers

• Impact on network protectors

• Islanding

• Interference with the operation of protection systems

• Harmonic distortion contributions

• Voltage flicker

• Power system stability

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• Gas Turbine with Heat Recovery Steam Generator with+ duct burning

• 8.5MVA : 7.65 MW : 4.16kV : 1180 Amps

• Natural Gas

– Turbine – 80,000 CFH 300psi

– HRSG Duct Burning – 42,000 CFH

– 5 existing boilers at 150,000 CFH

• Protection

– Transfer trip to isolate feeder faults

– High speed -1/2 cycle - Current Limiting Protector (CLiP) fuse

• Keyed stand alone operation

New York Presbyterian Hospital

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NYPH Schedule

– Initial discussion late 2004

– Resolution of gas service 2007

– Gas interconnection - mid 2008

– Transfer trip installed early 2009

– SC14RA Standby Service

• Contract and As-Used Demand

– Rider H for Gas

• Load Factor requirements

– Gas Card & FDNY

– Scheduling for feeder outages and DOT embargos

– Commercial operation 1/2010

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Other recent CoGen projects

• Coop City – 45MW

• 1 Bryant Park – 4.5MW

• 1 Penn Plaza – 6.2MW

• NYU – 15 MW

• Projects in the Proposal Stage

– Rikers Island -14MW

– NYU Medical Center – 7.5 MW

– Columbia University/Manhattanville - 10 MW

– NYPH Uptown – 10-20 MW

– Roosevelt Island Octagon – 400kW Fuel Cell

• Growing number of small CoGen 65-250 kW

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Rates Continually Evolving

• Rider R – net metered electric - PV, Wind, etc.

• Rider H – gas tariff for high load factor CoGen

• SC14-RA – electric standby with contract demand

• SC4 – steam standby with contract demand

• Wholesale distribution rate

• SC11 – buy back rate – energy sale to Con Edison

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New York State Net Metering Legislation

Previous (2004)

• Photovoltaic– 10 kW - Residential

– Excludes non-residential

• Wind– 25 kW Residential

– 125 kW farm based

– Excludes “non-residential”

• Biogas– 400 kW farm based biogas

New – 2/09 and 7/10

• Photovoltaic– 25 kW - Residential

– 2 MW - non residential

• Wind

– 25 kW Residential

– 500 kW farm based

– 2MW “non residential”

• Biogas– 1MW farm based biogas

• Micro CHP and Fuel Cells

– Residential up to 10 kW

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In the works…

• ‘100 days of Solar’ process streamlining

• Load Forecasting issues – how to ‘count’ DG

• Role of DG in T&D deferral

• Concern regarding lung – level pollution from customer sited fossil fueled generation

• Potential for company dispatch/control of DG

• Long Range Electric, Gas and Steam Plans include DG considerations

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Today: Reducing Barriers for DGTomorrow: Active Incorporation into Grid Design

• Opportunities– Potential to defer expensive

T&D infrastructure upgrades through peak load reduction

– Avoided transmission and distribution line losses

– Operational flexibility for customer and utility

– Improved permitting processes as agencies gain comfort with technologies

– Customer as Energy Partner rather than Utility as solely Energy Provider

• Challenges– Infrastructure – hardware and

software - to monitor and dispatch DG

– ‘Physical Assurance’ for utility planning purposes

– Fault current mitigation

– Definition of ‘clean’ DG/CHP

• Relocation of central station stack to ‘lung level’ in dense urban environment

– Convoluted , redundant, legacy permitting processing

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As DSM Becomes Integral to the Distribution System…

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What does DSM mean for Control Centers and the Customer Relationship?!

Energy and Process Management Systems• Streamline interconnection processes

• Demand Side Energy Markets

• Remote Monitoring, Visualization, and Modeling Systems

Current Technologies• Industry Standards (IEEE 1547/UL1741)

– Interfaces for Distributed Generation

Future – Operations and Forecasting

• Two-way communications

– Distribution System Equipment

– Generators

– Control Rooms

– Building Management Systems

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THANK YOU!!

Association of Energy Engineers NY

Changing Role of Distributed Generation

Margarett Jolly

jollym@coned.com

212-460-3328

DG Manager - Distribution Engineering

January 18, 2011