arthropods (ticks) by md. abdul alim, cvasu, bangladesh

Order: Acarina (Tick)

Introduction

Blood sucking arthopods Most important vectors of human and animal diseases Life threatening vector (rank second; 1st Mosquitos)Transmit greater variety of infections agentsPest of man, animal and wildlife Server toxic condition (Tick Parasysis, Tick Toxicosis)Economic lossesTick-borne diseases major threat to livestock industry Costs billions of dollars annually to protect livestock from

ticks and tick-borne diseases

1Tick: A presentation by MAAlim, CVASU

Order: Acarina (Ticks)

Zoological Classification/ Systematics of tickPhylum: ArthopodaSub phylum: Chelicerata (Chelicerae digit, shaft, base)Class: Arachnida (pedipalp, 4 pairs of legs)Sub-class: Acari (Fusion of body segment)Order: Acarina (Stigmatal pores)Sub-order: Ixodoidae (Metastigmata; spiracle, hypostome, sensory organs)Family: Ixodidae (Hard ticks) Argasidae (Soft ticks)Genus:

Species: Boophilus microplus Argus percicus

Argus sppOtobius sppOrnithodorus spp

Ixodes sppBoophilus sppRhipicephalus sppHaemaphysalis sppDermacentor sppHyalomma sppAmblyomma spp


Terminology/Anatomy of Ticks

Mammillae 3

Scutum, Festoon, Ornate, Porose, Prostraite, Metastraite, Brevirostrate, Longistrate, Basis capituli, Haller’ s organ, Mammillae, Pulvillus, Punctations, Alloscutum, plates, orfice/apperture

Tick: A presentation by MAAlim, CVASU

Basic Anatomy of Tick (hard tick)

Alimentary system

Salivary

gland

Respiratory system

Nervous system

Sensory structure

Reproductive system

Male

Female


Mouth part of tick and Feeding Mechanism


Soft tickHard tick

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Difference?????


Morphological IdentificationIxodes

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Longistrate


Boophilus

Brevirostrate


Haemaphysalis


Rhipicephalus

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Reddish or blackish brown


Hyalomma

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Longistrate

Medium sized tickTick: A presentation by MAAlim, CVASU

Amblyomma

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large sized tick

Second palpal segment is about twice as long as thirdMouth part Much longer than basis capituli Tick: A presentation by MAAlim, CVASU

Dermacentor


Life cycle of One Host tickEach stage feeds and developed on One Host

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Complete Metamophosis

Oviposition


Life cycle of two Host tickLarva and Nymph feed on one host and adult ticks on a second host


Life cycle of three Host tickEach stage feeds and developed on different Host


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Life cycle of soft tick (Multi host L/C) Several oviposition

7 nymphal stages


1. Trans-stadial : (stage to stage/One life stage to Next)

2. Trans-ovarian (Parent to progeny/ one generation to Next)

Vector Competency:

Strategies for Questing (seek) the host1. Hunter

2. Ambush (Waiter)

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Diapauses

1. Morphogenetic diapasue

2. Behavioural diapause (most common)

Related terminology:

Hibernation

Aestivation

Hypobiosis

Quiescence (larval stages in

Arthopods)

Related terminology:

Hibernation

Aestivation

Hypobiosis

Quiescence (larval stages in

Arthopods)

Behavior and Ecology


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Water balance by unfed tick

In adverse condition, Life cycle of Tick fall in tow dilemmas :How to maintain their energyHow maintain water balance

Have to counteract Overhydration (during feeding)(reinjection water into salivary secretion by Fcell of Type III Acini)

Have to counteract with dehydration (during fasting)

Prevention of dehydration:

Physical barriers

Physiological adaption

Behavioural Mechanisms

Can call some restore mechanisms for rehydration:

Passive water vapour absorption though cuticle

Catabolic and Anabolic water production

Active absorption of water (Type I salivary acini)


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Pathological significance of Tick infestation/ OR Harm produced by • General Effect• Tick Paralysis• Tick Toxicosis• Vector importance: Tick-borne diseases

Available Cattle tick in Bangladesh

Control of ticks


arthropods (ticks) by md. abdul alim, cvasu, bangladesh

Education

longistrate tick

orficeapperture tick

host tick larva

soft tickhard tick

large sized tick

nymphal stages tick

blackish brown tick

tick toxicosis economic