brachycera (tabanus), md abdul alim, cvasu, bangladesh

Diptera

Nematocera Brachycera Cyclorrhapa

Tabanidae

Classification of Horse fly

Order

Sub-Order

Family

Arthopoda

InsectaClass

Phylum

Sub-FamilyPangoniinae Chrysopsinae Tabaninae Scepsidinae

Chrysops TabanusHaematopota

(Breeze flies, clegs or clags, deer fly, gadflies)

Lecture: Brachycera, Alim, CVASU


Tabanus chrysops Haematopota

Scape

Pedicle

Flagellum

Stylus/Flagllomeres/Pseudosegments

Post pedicle

Porrect antenna


Fig.: leg of a typical insect

Pulvilli

Empdium


Pangonia

Chysops Haematopota

Tabanus


General Morphology of Tabanids:

Large, stout-bodied brachycera Head: Large, bean shaped, broader than long Eye: well developed (diurnal)o Wider in Haematopota (cleg)o Brilliantly coloured, spotted (Chrysops) zigzag band (Haematopota),

Unicolorous or horizontally banded (Tabanus), eye color disapper after deatho Sex differentiation: Holoptic (male) and Dicoptic (female)o

Antenna: are porrect, consist of Scape, pedicel and Flagellumo 1st segment of Flagellum greatly Enlarged o Flagellum bears 5 to 8 segments

Mouth part: sucking and lappingo Feed on Nectar (male and female), Female also feed on blood (most species)o Mandible reduced in Pangoniinae (male and female), feed on nectar

Wing: 6-30mm length, well developed wing venationo All most similar wing venation in related Brachyceran family (not diagnostic)o Hexagonal discal cell, located more or less in centreo R4 and R5 vein straddling the apex of the wing

Stout legs end in 3 pads (2 pulvilli and 1 Empodium)

Chrysops = Deer flies, Yellow fly, stout


Fig. Mouth part of female tabanid fly

Mouth part of a Tabanid fly and feeding mechanism

Sucking-lapping Mouth partsTabanids :More efficient mechanical vector than other???


Pangonia

Chrysops

Haematopota

Tabanus

Differentiation

Ocelli

Poboscis

Segments ofFlagellum

Spurs on leg

Wings


Pangonia

Chrysops

Haematopota

Tabanus


DifferentiationCriteria Pangonia Chysops Tabanus Haematopota

Subfamily Pangoniinae Chrysopsinae Tabaninae Tabaninae

Ocelli Well developed Well developed Vestigial Vestigial

Poboscis Longer than head shorter than head shorter than head shorter than head

Segments ofFlagellum

7 or 8 5 5 4

Spurs on leg Large, on hind tibiae

Small, on hind tibiae

absent absent

Wings Clear or dusky Dark costal region; Single, broad, transverse dark band

Clear but may be dark or banded

Mottled

Distribution Tropical and subtropical

Holarctic and Oriental

Worldwide Palearctic, Afrotropical, Oriental


Life cycle

Obtectate pupa


Disease agent Distribution Vectors Transmission

Filarial Nematode

Loa loa (Loiasis)(Calabar swelling) Central Africa Chrysops spp Biological

Elaeophora schneideriElaeophorosis(domestic & wild ruminants)

America, Europe

Tabanus spp Biological

Dirofilaria roemeri(Host: Marsupials)

North America


Protozoa

Haemoproteus metchikoci(Host Turtle)


Trypanosoma theileri(Host :cattle)

Tabanus spp Biological/Mechanical

Medical and Veterinary importance


VirusEquine Infectious Anaemia

Worldwide Tabanus, Chrysops, Hybomitra spp

Mechanical

Bovine leukemia Worldwide Tabanus spp Mechanical

Hog Cholera Worldwide, Eradicated from North America, Australia, Newzeland, South Africa

Tabanus spp Mechanical

Bacteria

Bacillus anthracis Worldwide Tabaus, Haematopota, Chrysops

Mechanical





Protozoa

Trypanosoma evansi(Surra in Camel and Horses)

America, Africa, Asia, India

Tabanus, Haematopota, Chrysops

Mechanical

Trypanosoma vivax America, Africa Tabanus spp Mechanical

Rickettsia

Anaplasma marginale(Anaplasmosis)

Worldwide Tabanus Mechanical

Available species in BangladeshTabanus striatusChrysops dispar



Prepared by DR. Md. Abdul AlimAssistant Professor

Department of Pathology and Parasitology, CVASUand PhD fellow, James Cook University, Australia

email: [email protected]

References1. D.S., Kettle (2000). Medical and Veterinary Entomology, CAB International,2nd

edi,pp…

2. Gary and Lance, (2009). Medical and Veterinary Entomology. 2nd Edn, Elsevier,

Inc, pp…

brachycera (tabanus), md abdul alim, cvasu, bangladesh

Health & Medicine