ART is the FREEDOMto be

yourself.

The ARTS in our LIFE

Understanding ARTS When you say art you think about something beautiful , that delights your heart and mind ,something that EVERY PERSON understands in his or her own way . The arts are a subdivision of culture ,composed of many disciplines . Trying to give a DEFINITION of the arts I found out one given by the free dictionary : "imaginative , creative and nonscientific branches of knowledge , considered collectively , esp. as studied academically " . While the singular term of art refers to a beautiful object created by an artist , that produces a stimulating experience . We can say art is the process of creating a product (work/piece of art ), examined by experts in the field of the arts or just admired by the audience. It must also be said that the term of art usually refers to visual arts but the arts include literary and performing arts too . Now let's take a look at the two main classes : FINE arts and PERFORMING arts .

FINE ARTSFine art describes a form of art that develops more as a concept than a real object . If we take a look back in the history THE GREATER FIVE FINE ARTS were : painting , architecture , sculpture , music and poetry but today some new ones appeared such as photography , dance or calligraphy . The word fine doesn't really refers to the quality of the piece of art but to THE PURITY OF THE DISCIPLINE . Now let's take a look at every single classes of FINE arts.

1 . ILLUSTRATION An illustration is usually used to elucidate a story or a newspaper article by a visual REPREZENTATION (drawing , painting , photograph) . The EARLIEST FORMS were the cave paintings , then manually done by people and after that the printing press was invented .

3 . COMICS In comics images go one after another telling a small story in a humorous way . The ORIGINS of comics can be found in Trajan's column. Later they could be found in weekly and daily strips or even in small booklets or comic books .

2 . PAINTING AND DRAWINGDrawing is a two-dimensional art , one of the best known visual art and uses tools as crayons, graphite , charcoals , pen and ink etc . THE SUPPORT is , in most of the times , paper .When we say drawing we think about LINES . They can be monochrome or coloured , these drawings going more and more to the boundary of painting .Painting means applying paint , pigment or color, usually using a brush on a support surface such as a wall , paper , canvas , wood or glass .

4 . MOSAICS A mosaic is made of small pieces of glass or stone which create an image with a functional or decorative role . It's mostly known by it's USAGE IN TEMPLES or CHURCHES but it can also make a good impression in a vintage garden or even in a home . 5 . PRINTMAKING AND IMAGING

As you can suspect these two ARTS refer to creating IMAGES using the help of PRINTING . They produce multiple copies of the same piece by transferring ink from a matrix to paper or some other surface .

6 . CALLIGRAPHY Calligraphy  is a visual art also known as the art of fancy lettering . It refers to giving life to letters and decorating them so that the reader would enjoy his lecture much more . It is not as simple as it looks because it needs a lot of CONCENTRATION and PASSION. It was done by the monks for giving life to the Scripture .

8 . PHOTOGRAPHY It's the process of creating still or moving pictures using a film or electronic image sensors . For obtaining a usable exposure , one must use a few CONTROLS to make sure the picture is clear , sharp and well illuminated  , such as focus , aperture , shutter speed , white balance or ISO speed .

7. SCULPTURESculpture is considered one of the plastic arts as well as a three-dimensional one . It's created by shaping hard or plastic material such as stone , wood or metal . It is a BIG PART of the public art because sculptures are mostly found on the streets, in parks or public gardens. 10 . ARCHITECTURE

Architecture is about creating objects that are at the same time functional , good looking , well introduced in the city skeleton and good for the environment . It is one of the OLDEST ARTS , as people had also wanted to have a roof over their head . ARCHITECTURE means everything you see everyday on the streets so one must never doubt the architect's role in the world.

9 . CONCEPTUAL ART It is a harder to understand form of art , based on the usage of ideas, of concepts trying to express the artist's FEELINGS and EMOTIONS . After the 1990's it's also known as a synonym for contemporary art .

PERFORMING ARTS These arts assume the presence of a human being that is performing an ACTIVITY or captured in a form of art . It involves the USAGE OF ALL SENSES - people use their eyes , nose , ears and sometimes mouth skills to better understand the IDEA created by the art .1 . DANCEDance is all about body movements on music rhythms, as a way of expression or a way people can interact . It has various subcategories as REGIONAL dances or the ones performed for a TRADITION or special event.

2 . THEATRE AND CINEMATOGRAPHYThe origins of theatre can be found in the ancient Greek or Roman DRAMAS but today it can be expressed by comedy or tragedy . It is all about live performing and combining acting with music or dance or other fine arts .We can also include here cinematography which is the art of making lightning and camera choices when recording images for the cinema .

ART in Ukraine

PaintingARTISTIC TRADITIONS OF UKRAINE have a very ancient history. The oldest surviving paintings are FRESCOES AND MURALS found on the northern Black sea coast, where they were preserved on the walls of tombs FRAGMENTS OF FRESCOES from the medieval Rus period have been found in the Cathedral of Transfiguration in Chernihiv (11th century) and the St. Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv (early 11th century). PORTABLE ICONS were already being painted in the 10th and 11th centuries, but NONE SO OLD HAVE SURVIVED to our time.

In the 15th and 16th centuries there appeared a Galician school of ICON PAINTING. During the RENAISSANCE icons gradually lest their rigidity and became more realistic. In Ukra-ine PORTRAIT PAINTING as a separate genre emerged during the RENAISSANCE (16th century) and was strongly influenced by the ICON TRADITION.

Many Ukrainian painters were attracted to the newly ESTABLISHED ACADEMY OF ARTS IN ST. PETERSBURG (1757). The emigration of the UKRAINIAN ARTISTS to St. Petersburg deprived UKRAINIAN PAINTING of its most creative talents. THE EXCEPTION was T.SHEVCHENKO, who devoted most of his painting (like his writing) to Ukrainian interests. In the last few decades of the 19th century UKRAINIAN PAINTERS studying ART in Russia were influenced by the Peredvizhniki society, formed in 1870 is St.Petersburg. Artists of Ukrainian origin who became active in the society were I.Repin, I.Kramskoi, R.Kuznetsov, K.Kostandi and many others.

During the brief period of Ukrainian independence the UKRAINIAN STATE ACADEMY OF ARTS (1917-22) was established in Kyiv. In 1920s in Soviet Ukraine a variety of styles flourished. CUBO-FUTURIST PAINTING were produced by V.Yermilov in Kharkiv and O.Romazov, V.Pavlov and A.Petrystsky in Kyiv. In the 1930s all AVANT-GARDE ACTIVITIES in Soviet Ukraine came to a halt with THE INTRODUCTION of socialist realism as the only literary and artistic method permitted by the communist regime.

Changes brought about in the second half of 1980-s resulted in greater CREATIVE FREEDOM and a proliferation of styles and manners of depiction. Many painters showed great INVENTIVENESS, including H.Romanyshyn from Lviv, R.Popov from Kharkiv, O.Tkachenko from Dnipropetrovsk and R.Tetianych, V.Budnykov, H.Heiko and O.Babak from Kyiv. After decades of restraint and isolation ARTISTS IN UKRAINE are now FREE to continue the DEVELOPMENT of various artistic traditions.

KATERYNA BILOKUR(1900 – 1961)KATERINA BILOKUR is an highly original Ukrainian folk artist. Her beautiful pictures of the colorful UKRAINIAN NATURE are a significant landmark in the history of Ukrainian folk art.Katerina Bilokur's life was not easy. She was born December 7, 1900, in the village of bohdanivka, Kiev region, into the family of a POOR PEASANT. She had no possibility to study at school and only her THIRST FOR KNOWLEDGE helped her later to fill up the gaps in her education. Gradually, love for art forced out all the other flames. Her PARENTS' attempts to distract her from that "good-for-nothing" pursuit were in vain.

The first works of Bilokur (1920s – early 30s) were AMATEURISH. They were the portraits of her relations and villagers executed with charcoal and self-made vegetable paints.The second half of the 1930s was en IMPORTANT PERIOD in her creativity. Then she took to drawing STILL-LIVES . Even her earlier works – The Birch (1934), Flowers by the Fence(1935), Flowers (1936) and some others clearly showed her EXCEPTIONAL CREATIVE ABILITIES. Ingenuity of selection of subject matter, vitality, fanciful composition and harmony of colors characteristic of these pictures became the main FEATURES of all the work of the artist.

Bilokur's paintings were first displayed at the POLTAVA REGIONAL EXHIBITION in 1940 end then at a NATIONAL EXHIBITION IN KIEV. They were highly appreciated by ART-LOVERS end ART-CRITICS. Inspired by this success, the artist went to Kiev and Moscow "to see real paintings by real masters" and afterwards created a series of wonderful compositions permeated with love FOR HER NATIVE LAND and its industrious PEOPLE. Unfortunately, all of the works displayed at the POLTAVA EXHIBITION in 1941 perished during the Second World War. Only SOME WORKS of the period, which were not entered in the exhibition, have been preserved (Flowers and Birches at Eventide, Flowers in Fog, Dahlias, Field Flowers).The two years spent on fascist-occupied territory were the most trying in the life of Katerina Bilokur. Only a few pictures were made in this period – Flowers and Flowers at Eventide (1942), and Flowers (Lilies) which she finished by the end of 1943.

After the liberation of her native village, Bilokur creates NEW COMPOSITIONS. Luxuriant Vegetation, Decorative Flowers (1945), Bounties of Nature (1946) and her famous canvas Ear the King which is unrivaled as regards its ESTHETIC and EMOTIONAL IMPACT.The 1950s were the most productive years in Bilokur's artistic career. She made such original and BRIGHT STILL-LIVES as Apples and Tomatoes,  Breakfast (1950), Watermelon, Carrots and Flowers (1951), In Shramkivka District of Cherkassy Region (1955-1956), FIowers and Crapes (1953-1958) which are distinguished for their FRESHNESS and VERVE. Through the ARTIST'S FANTASY the flowers, vegetables in these pictures turn into a canto glorifying nature, man and his deeds, into symbols of beauty. Being faithfully depicted, each detail in Bilokur's pictures is perceived as a really existing one. Their realistic representation is to no lesser degree sustained by the artist's subtle sense of color. LIGHT AND SHADE smoothly wavering into each other and a soft gamut of colors are typical of all her works. The main effect is produced by the use of PURE COLORS which is characteristic of folk decorative art on the whole.

In one of her letters K. Bilokur wrote: "You may not like my work as I paint only flowers. But how can I not paint them if they are so beautiful! When I begin a picture of flowers I think sometimes: when I finish it I'll do something from the life of the people. But by the lime I finish it, my imagination already draws new pictures, and all of them – flowers. That's the long and the short of it."When spring comes around, and the fields turn green, and flowers begin to bloom, each prettier than the others... My God, I forget everything, and again fake to painting flowers. "Don't be angry with me, my close and distant friends, for me painting flowers, because the pictures with flowers are beautiful."Katerina Bilokur rightfully occupies a leading place in the history of Ukrainian folk art. Bilokur's art is based on her profound knowledge of nature and folk art traditions, and the impact her canvases produce is really unforgettable.

Thank you for ATTENTION!

Performed by

Sophia Polyanska 10 – A