archaeological earthwork survey · survey record. once the survey fieldwork was complete, the data...
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Blenheim FarmHoneybourne
Worcestershire
Archaeological Earthwork Survey
for
on behalf of Mr David Bliss
Mr Felix Dennis
CA Project: 3079 CA Report: 11209
November 2012
Blenheim farm Honeybourne
Worcestershire
Archaeological Earthwork Survey
CA Project: 3079 CA Report: 11209
prepared by Andrew Baines, Principal Geomatics Officer
date 23 November 2012
checked by Richard Young, Project Manager
date 23 November 2012
approved by Simon Cox, Head of Fieldwork
signed
date 26 November 2012
issue 01
This report is confidential to the client. Cotswold Archaeology accepts no responsibility or liability to any third party to whom this report, or any part of it, is made known. Any such party relies upon this report entirely
at their own risk. No part of this report may be reproduced by any means without permission.
© Cotswold Archaeology Building 11, Kemble Enterprise Park, Kemble, Cirencester, Gloucestershire, GL7 6BQ
t. 01285 771022 f. 01285 771033 e. [email protected]
© Cotswold Archaeology Blenheim farm, Honeybourne, Worcestershire: Archaeological Earthwork Survey
CONTENTS
SUMMARY........................................................................................................................ 2
1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 3
2. ARCHAEOLOGICAL OBJECTIVES .................................................................... 5
3. METHODOLOGY................................................................................................. 6
4. RESULTS (FIGS 2-3) .......................................................................................... 7
5. CA PROJECT TEAM ........................................................................................... 7
6. REFERENCES .................................................................................................... 8
APPENDIX A: OASIS REPORT FORM ........................................................................... 9
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Fig. 1 Site location plan (1:25,000)
Fig. 2 Plan of site showing earthwork survey results (1:500)
Fig. 3 Isometric site plan, showing shaded relief map
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© Cotswold Archaeology Blenheim farm, Honeybourne, Worcestershire: Archaeological Earthwork Survey
SUMMARY
Project Name: Blenheim Farm Earthwork Survey
Location: Honeybourne, Worcestershire
NGR: SP 1167 4577
Type: Evaluation
Date: 12 July 2011
Planning Reference: W/09/1251
Location of Archive: To be deposited with Worcestershire County Museum
Site Code: N/A
An archaeological earthwork survey was undertaken by Cotswold Archaeology in July 2011
and July 2012 at Blenheim Farm, Honeybourne, Worcestershire.
The earthwork survey recorded two adjacent areas of ridge and furrow. A northern area was
aligned approximately north/south, whilst an area of ridge and furrow to the south-east was
aligned north-west/south-east.
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© Cotswold Archaeology Blenheim farm, Honeybourne, Worcestershire: Archaeological Earthwork Survey
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 In July 2011 and July 2012 Cotswold Archaeology (CA) carried out an
archaeological earthwork survey for Mr David Bliss on behalf of Mr Felix Dennis at
Blenhiem Farm, Honeybourne, Worcestershire (centred on NGR: SP 1167 4577; Fig.
1). The survey was undertaken to establish the extent and preservation of the field
systems evident on aerial photographs in accordance with the programme of
archaeological works recommended by Mr Mike Glyde, Historic Environment
Planning Advisor, Worcestershire Historic Environment and Archaeology Services
(WHEAS).
1.2 A planning application for the erection of a dwelling house and associated works has
been approved by Wychavon District Council (WDC; W/09/1251). A condition on the
consent (no. 10) requires the implementation of a programme of archaeological work.
The programme of archaeological work was recommended by Mr Mike Glyde, WHEAS,
archaeological advisor to WDC. The scope of works has been defined in the
‘Requirements for a programme of archaeological work at land adjacent to Blenheim
Farm, Buckle Street, Honeybourne, Worcestershire’ prepared by Mr Glyde on 12
January 2010. This report refers to the Stage 2 works detailed in the Requirements.
1.3 This report has been guided in its composition by the Requirements prepared by Mr
Glyde, as well as the CA WSI (CA 2010), the Requirements and Guidelines for
Archaeological Project in Worcestershire (WHEAS 2010), Recording Archaeological
Field Monuments, a descriptive specification (RCHME 1999), the Standard and
Guidance for archaeological field evaluation (IfA 2008) and the Management of
Research Projects in the Historic Environment (EH 2006).
The site
1.4 The site lies on the northern edge of Honeybourne, Worcestershire.
1.5 The site comprises approximately 36ha area of land on the eastern side of
Honeybourne Road. Most of the site, with the exception of the north-western area,
was planted with trees in the early 21st century. The survey therefore concentrated
on the footprint of the proposed building.
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© Cotswold Archaeology Blenheim farm, Honeybourne, Worcestershire: Archaeological Earthwork Survey
1.6 The solid geology underlying the site is recorded as Lower Lias clay of the Jurassic
Era (BGS 2011).
1.7 The field name Tump Bew Hill, referring to a field located partially within the western
area of the site, may be indicative of the former location of a Bronze Age barrow
(Worcestershire Historic Environment Record (WHER) 00871). However, no
associated extant feature has been identified and this interpretation is putative. To
the west of the site, prehistoric pottery was recorded during fieldwalking (WHER
07341) and metal detecting recorded an Iron Age coin (WHER 24088).
1.8 Part of the western edge of the site is bounded by the line of a Roman road, Ryknild
Street (locally known as Buckle Street), which runs north from the Fosse Way at
Bourton-on-the-Water to Alcester (Margary 1973, road 18a; WHER 30300). Possible
evidence for an agger was identified during a watching brief on the length of road
immediately west of the site (WCC 2007). A putative Roman road runs west from
Ryknild Street, west of the site (WHER 23364 and 26360). A focus of Roman activity
is recorded c. 200m to the west of the site (WHER 40869), west of Ryknild Street.
Fieldwalking here in the 1990s recorded concentrations of Roman pottery and tile
indicative of Roman settlement (WHER 07341, 40867, 46868). Additional Roman
material has been recorded in the area by metal detecting (WHER 24088). No
associated Roman material is currently recorded within the site. The field name
Burnt Piece, referring to the north-western area of the site, may indicate a charcoal-
rich soil, potentially indicative of an archaeological site.
1.9 Buckle Street (the Roman Ryknild Street), to the west of the site is recorded in the
Anglo-Saxon charters (WHER 32018 and 31002). A possible Saxon disc brooch has
been recorded to the west of the site (WHER 24088).
1.10 The site is depicted in detail on the 1841 Tithe Map of Church Honeybourne. This
depicts the site located across nine agricultural fields (seven arable, two pasture).
Field names of interest depicted in the accompanying apportionment register include
Burnt Piece, for the field at the north-western corner of the site and Tump Bew Hill,
which is partially within the western area of the site (see above). The field at the
southern edge of the site is recorded as Spring Pool and a pond is depicted in this
location on the later sources. A field at the eastern edge of the site is called Stable
Flat, most likely referring to buildings beyond the eastern edge of the site. Two
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© Cotswold Archaeology Blenheim farm, Honeybourne, Worcestershire: Archaeological Earthwork Survey
ponds are depicted within the northern area of the site. The northern site boundary
forms the parish boundary between Church Honeybourne and Pebworth.
1.11 No major changes are depicted on the 1880 First Edition Ordnance Survey mapping
although some field boundaries had been removed, resulting in larger consolidated
fields. The eastern site boundary had been defined by this point, and a field within
the eastern area of the site is depicted as rough ground with some trees.
1.12 Some boundary loss is depicted on the Second Edition Ordnance Survey map of
1903. A small field of rough ground, labelled Fox Cover, is depicted within the
northern area of the site. The 1920s Ordnance Survey mapping shows further
consolidation of fields and an orchard is depicted within the southern area of the
site.
1.13 Ridge and furrow earthworks of medieval to modern date are visible within the site
on recent aerial photographs (WHER 35897-35904). Some earthworks in the
southern and central areas of the site, in the vicinity of Blenheim Farm (outside the
site), display a reverse ‘S’ shape, characteristic of medieval agricultural practices,
although those in the field to the north of the farmhouse are rather narrow and may
be of a later date. Ridge and furrow earthworks in the northern and eastern areas of
the site are straighter, characteristic of post-medieval/modern agricultural practices.
Vehicle tracks cutting across, and clearly post-dating, the ridge and furrow
earthworks are also visible on the recent aerial photographs. Most of the site, with
the exception of the north-western area, was planted with trees in the early 21st
century, and is recorded as Blenheim Wood on recent ordnance survey mapping
(WHER).
2. ARCHAEOLOGICAL OBJECTIVES
2.1 The general aim of the survey was to:
provide further data on the date, character, quality, survival and extent of the
archaeological deposits within the site to determine the scope of further works.
The objective was to:
Produce a detailed record of any earthworks present within the site
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© Cotswold Archaeology Blenheim farm, Honeybourne, Worcestershire: Archaeological Earthwork Survey
3. METHODOLOGY
3.1 The survey was carried out using a Leica Viva series “NetRover” (real-time
kinematic) RTK GPS instrument. The Leica RTK GPS is quoted as +/- 20mm in
accuracy for all 3D observations and measurements. When Kinematic GNSS data
collectors are used for earthwork measurement they are set to a horizontal precision
of 30mm and a vertical precision of 50mm
3.2 The survey is orientated to Ordnance Survey National Grid, all major surface features
have been included in the survey but the complexity of detail relates finally to the
plotted scales and to the specific requirements of the survey brief. This must be
borne in mind when interpreting the plan. All mapped features have had their heights
related to Ordnance Datum Newlyn. The precision of heights on soft surfaces may be
taken to within ±50mm due to the autopoint technique used and the limitations of the
instrument.
3.3 Throughout, field notes and digital photographs were taken to supplement the digital
survey record. Once the survey fieldwork was complete, the data was downloaded
from the instrument into Leica GeoOffice, a proprietary survey processing package,
and then exported to a CAD system, from which a plan drawing was produced. This
is a composite of surveyed data, superimposed on detail obtained from the OS base-
map, and supported by manually recorded additional information.
3.4 The Survey has been subject to full quality control and assurance procedures at each
stage of the work, including documented self-checks and independent checks, to
ensure that mistakes, errors and omissions are identified and corrected prior to
delivery of the results.
3.5 In addition to hard copy prints at a suitable scale, the survey will be available as a
digital file, in DXF, shapefile or other similarly widely applicable format, and with
drawing layers in accordance with either EH guidance on the presentation of digital
survey data, or client specification.
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© Cotswold Archaeology Blenheim farm, Honeybourne, Worcestershire: Archaeological Earthwork Survey
4. RESULTS (FIGS 2-3)
4.1 The archaeological earthworks present on the site comprised of ridge and furrow
field systems running in two well-defined orientations. The majority of the site
contained a north/south orientated series of linear earthworks of approximately 7 to
8m from ridge to ridge and an average depth of 0.3m from the top of the ridge to the
base of the furrow. The south-west corner of the site contained a north-west/south-
east oriented series of linear earthworks of similar dimensions. These earthworks
appear to have been truncated by modern vehicle movement (see section 1.13
above). The ridge and furrow appears to continue beyond the extents of the survey
area into the heathland/plantation beyond.
4.2 Medieval ridge and furrow are typically spaced 10m apart (Rackham 1986, 167)
whereas later ridge and furrow are generally spaced every 4.5 to 5m (ibid, 169).
Medieval ridge and furrow can also have a gentle curve to them (Taylor 1975, 82)
whilst later ridge and furrow is generally straight (Rackham 1986, 168). The spacing
of the earthworks suggests that the ridge and furrow within the site could be
medieval in origin as it is more widely spaced than later examples. In addition, aerial
photographs of the site suggest the north-west/south-east aligned earthworks have
a gentle curve to them, supporting a medieval date. It should be noted however, that
the north/south earthworks which occupy the majority of the area surveyed appear
to be very straight and could easily be of post-medieval/modern date.
5. CA PROJECT TEAM
Fieldwork was undertaken by Andrew Baines and Jon Bennett. Cartography and
reporting were undertaken by Andrew Baines. The illustrations were prepared by
Andrew Baines. The archive has been compiled by Andrew Baines, and prepared
for deposition by James Johnson. The project was managed for CA by Richard
Young.
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© Cotswold Archaeology
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Blenheim farm, Honeybourne, Worcestershire: Archaeological Earthwork Survey
6. REFERENCES
BGS (British Geological Survey) 2011 Geology of Britain Viewer
http://maps.bgs.ac.uk/geologyviewer_google/googleviewer.html
Accessed October 2011
CA (Cotswold Archaeology) 2010 Blenheim Farm, Honeybourne, Worcestershire: Written
Scheme of Investigation for Archaeological Earthwork Survey and Archaeological Strip,
Map and Sample Exercise
Margary, I. 1973 Roman roads in Britain, Third Edition, London, John Baker
Rackham, O 1986 The History of the Countryside, London, JM Dent and Sons
Taylor, C 1975 Fields in the English Landscape, Sutton Publishing
WCC (Worcestershire County Council) 2007 Watching brief on the DG2 Schemes,
Worcestershire (Severn Stolic, Callow End, Crowle and Ullington), unpublished
typescript report 715
© Cotswold Archaeology Blenheim farm, Honeybourne, Worcestershire: Archaeological Earthwork Survey
APPENDIX A: OASIS REPORT FORM
PROJECT DETAILS Project Name Blenheim Farm, HoneyBourne
Short description
An archaeological earthwork survey was undertaken by Cotswold Archaeology in July 2011 and July 2012 at Blenheim Farm, Honeybourne, Worcestershire. The earthwork survey recorded two adjacent areas of ridge and furrow. A northern area was aligned approximately north/south, whilst an area of ridge and furrow to the south-east was aligned north-west/south-east.
Project dates 12 July 2011 Project type
Earthwork Survey
Previous work Unknown
Future work Strip, Map and Sample
PROJECT LOCATION Site Location Blenheim farm, Honeybourne, Worcestershire Study area (M2/ha) c. 0.5ha Site co-ordinates (8 Fig Grid Reference) SP 1167 4577
PROJECT CREATORS Name of organisation Cotswold Archaeology Project Brief originator Worcestershire County Council Project Design (WSI) originator Cotswold Archaeology
Project Manager Richard Young Project Supervisor Andrew Baines MONUMENT TYPE Broad Ridge and Furrow SIGNIFICANT FINDS None PROJECT ARCHIVES Intended final location of archive
(museum/Accession no.)
Content (e.g. pottery, animal bone etc)
Physical n/a n/a Paper n/a n/a Digital Worcestershire County Museum Database, digital photos BIBLIOGRAPHY
CA (Cotswold Archaeology) 2011 Blenheim Farm, Honeybourne, Worcestershire: Archaeological Earthwork Survey. CA typescript report 11209
9
site
Worcestershire
CotswoldArchaeology
t 01285 771022
f 01285 771033
w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk
PROJECT TITLE
FIGURE TITLE
FIGURE NO.DATE
REVISION
SCALE@A4
PROJECT NO.
DRAWN BY
APPROVED BY
N
0 1km
Site location plan
Blenhein Farm, HoneybourneWorcestershire
10-11-2011001:25,000
3079JBPJM 1
Reproduced from the 2010 Ordnance Survey Explorer map with the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of The Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office Crown copyright Cotswold Archaeological Trust 100002109
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