aquatic plant idaquatic plant identification lyn gettys, phd • [email protected] university of...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 2: Aquatic Plant IDAquatic plant identification Lyn Gettys, PhD • lgettys@ufl.edu University of Florida IFAS FLREC](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022040818/5e635f56a7b83059a677ee6a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Florida’s waters
42 aquatic species
![Page 3: Aquatic Plant IDAquatic plant identification Lyn Gettys, PhD • lgettys@ufl.edu University of Florida IFAS FLREC](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022040818/5e635f56a7b83059a677ee6a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Annona glabra (Annonaceae): native
Tree to 40’
Leaves simple, 8”
Ovate/oblong
Alternate
Creamy flowers
Green/yellow fruit
Pond apple
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Pond apple
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Ludwigia peruviana (Onagraceae): exotic; FLEPPC Cat 1
Tropical America
Shrub to 7’
Leaves simple, 4”
Lanceolate
Alternate
Bright yellow flowers
Peruvian primrosewillow
![Page 6: Aquatic Plant IDAquatic plant identification Lyn Gettys, PhD • lgettys@ufl.edu University of Florida IFAS FLREC](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022040818/5e635f56a7b83059a677ee6a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Peruvian primrosewillow
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Cephalanthus occidentalis (Rubiaceae): native
Shrub to 7’
Leaves simple, 3”
Lanceolate
Coarse
Verticillate/whorled
Ball inflorescence
Buttonbush
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Buttonbush
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Hibiscus coccineus (Malvaceae): native
Shrub to 6+’
Leaves simple, 6”
Juvenile – cleft
Mature – palmate
Alternate
Large red flowers
Scarlet rosemallow
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Scarlet rosemallow
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Panicum hemitomon (Poaceae): native
Plant height to 6’
Leaves to 1” x 12”
Bright green
Loose ligule
Spiky panicle to 12”
Small greenish flowers
Maidencane
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Maidencane
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Panicum repens (Poaceae): exotic; FLEPPC Cat 1
Africa, Asia
Plant height to 3’
Leaves to 1/4” x 10”
Blue-green
Clasping hairy ligule
Open panicle to 9”
Small yellow flowers
Sharp pointed rhizome
Torpedograss
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Torpedograss
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Easily confused…
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Colocasia esculenta (Araceae): exotic; FLEPPC Cat 1
SE Asia, India
Plant height to 8’
Leaves simple, 2’
Sagittate, peltate
Petiole up to 4’ long
Basal
Spathe and spadix
Wild taro
![Page 17: Aquatic Plant IDAquatic plant identification Lyn Gettys, PhD • lgettys@ufl.edu University of Florida IFAS FLREC](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022040818/5e635f56a7b83059a677ee6a/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Wild taro
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Saururus cernuus (Saururaceae): native
Plant height to 2’
Leaves simple, 4”
Cordate to sagittate
Clasping
Alternate
Bottlebrush spike
Lizardtail
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Lizardtail
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Thalia geniculata (Marantaceae): native
Leaves simple, 2.5’
Lanceolate, broad base
Petiole to 4’ long
Basal
Scorpoid cyme
Peduncles up to 7’ long
Thalia (alligatorflag, fireflag)
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Thalia (alligatorflag, fireflag)
![Page 22: Aquatic Plant IDAquatic plant identification Lyn Gettys, PhD • lgettys@ufl.edu University of Florida IFAS FLREC](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022040818/5e635f56a7b83059a677ee6a/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Sagittaria latifolia (Alismataceae): native
Leaves simple, 2’
Broad, sagittate
Petiole to 4’ long
Basal
Spike of white 3-petaled flowers
Arrowhead
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Arrowhead
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Sagittaria lancifolia (Alismataceae): native
Leaves simple, 2’
Lanceolate
Petiole to 4’ long
Basal
Spike of white 3-petaled flowers
Duck potato (bull-tongue)
![Page 25: Aquatic Plant IDAquatic plant identification Lyn Gettys, PhD • lgettys@ufl.edu University of Florida IFAS FLREC](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022040818/5e635f56a7b83059a677ee6a/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Duck potato (bull-tongue)
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Pontederia cordata (Pontederiaceae): native
Leaves simple, 8”
Cordate to lanceolate
Petiole to 4’ long
Basal
Spike inflorescence
Peduncle to 4’ long
Pickerelweed
![Page 27: Aquatic Plant IDAquatic plant identification Lyn Gettys, PhD • lgettys@ufl.edu University of Florida IFAS FLREC](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022040818/5e635f56a7b83059a677ee6a/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Pickerelweed
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Eleocharis cellulosa (Cyperaceae): native
Plant height to 4’
Roundish stem
Leaves basal sheath
Spikelet inflorescence on apex
Club-like
“Pipe-cleaner” white flowers
Gulf Coast (club) spikerush
![Page 29: Aquatic Plant IDAquatic plant identification Lyn Gettys, PhD • lgettys@ufl.edu University of Florida IFAS FLREC](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022040818/5e635f56a7b83059a677ee6a/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Gulf Coast (club) spikerush
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Eleocharis interstincta (Cyperaceae): native
Plant height to 4’
Roundish stem with cross-hatching
Leaves basal sheath
Spikelet inflorescence on apex
Club-like
Similar to club spikerush
Jointed spikerush
![Page 31: Aquatic Plant IDAquatic plant identification Lyn Gettys, PhD • lgettys@ufl.edu University of Florida IFAS FLREC](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022040818/5e635f56a7b83059a677ee6a/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Jointed spikerush
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Juncus effusus (Juncaceae): native
Plant height to 5’
Round stem
Leaves brown basal sheath
Inflorescence on apex
Upper bract above
Compound umbel
Green to brown florets
Soft rush
![Page 33: Aquatic Plant IDAquatic plant identification Lyn Gettys, PhD • lgettys@ufl.edu University of Florida IFAS FLREC](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022040818/5e635f56a7b83059a677ee6a/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Soft rush
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Schoenoplectus californicus (Cyperaceae): native
Plant height to 12’
Rounded triangular dark-green stem
No leaves (v-shaped basal sheath)
Open-panicle inflorescence
*Near* apex
20 to many reddish-brown spikelets
Thick runners (rhizomes)
Southern/giant bulrush
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Southern/giant bulrush
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Alternanthera philoxeroides (Amaranthaceae): exotic; FLPAP
S. America
Depth to 6’; emergent to 1’
Leaves simple, to 4”
Elliptic to lanceolate
Smooth margins
Opposite
Hollow stems
White flower on peduncle
Alligatorweed
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Alligatorweed
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Hygrophila polysperma (Acanthaceae): exotic; Noxious Weed
India, Malaysia
Depth to 6’; emergent to 6”
Leaves simple, to 4”
Elliptic, smooth margins
Opposite
Square stems
Flowers in leaf axils
Hygrophila
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Hygrophila
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Rotala rotundifolia (Lythraceae): exotic; FLEPPC Cat 2
Asia
Depth to 12’; emergent to 8”
Leaves simple, smooth margins, opposite or whorled
Emergent round, to 0.5”
Submersed elliptic, to 1”
Bright red to green stems
Spike of bright pink flowers
Rotala
![Page 41: Aquatic Plant IDAquatic plant identification Lyn Gettys, PhD • lgettys@ufl.edu University of Florida IFAS FLREC](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022040818/5e635f56a7b83059a677ee6a/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Rotala
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Limnophila sessiliflora: exotic; Noxious Weed
India, SE Asia
Depth to 12’; emergent to 6”
Leaves verticillate
S: finely cut, fan-like, 1.5”, 6 to 10
E: lanceolate-ish, irregular margins, 1”, 5 to 8
Flowers emergent, sessile, 0.3”
Limnophila
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Limnophila
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Cabomba caroliniana (Cabombaceae): native***
Depth to 30’
Submersed leaves finely cut, fan-like, slimy, to 3”
Opposite or verticillate/whorled
Emergent leaves ◊
Usually rooted
Free-floating or anchored
Flowers emergent, 0.5”
Fanwort (cabomba)
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Fanwort (cabomba)
![Page 46: Aquatic Plant IDAquatic plant identification Lyn Gettys, PhD • lgettys@ufl.edu University of Florida IFAS FLREC](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022040818/5e635f56a7b83059a677ee6a/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Ceratophyllum demersum (Ceratophyllaceae): native
Depth to 10’
Leaves finely cut, small teeth on midribs (coarse), 2”
Verticillate/whorled – 6 to 12
No roots
Flowers tiny and rare
Coontail
![Page 47: Aquatic Plant IDAquatic plant identification Lyn Gettys, PhD • lgettys@ufl.edu University of Florida IFAS FLREC](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022040818/5e635f56a7b83059a677ee6a/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Coontail
![Page 48: Aquatic Plant IDAquatic plant identification Lyn Gettys, PhD • lgettys@ufl.edu University of Florida IFAS FLREC](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022040818/5e635f56a7b83059a677ee6a/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Easily confused…
![Page 49: Aquatic Plant IDAquatic plant identification Lyn Gettys, PhD • lgettys@ufl.edu University of Florida IFAS FLREC](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022040818/5e635f56a7b83059a677ee6a/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Utricularia sp. (Lentibulariaceae): native
Depth to 6’
Leaves finely cut, 2”
Feathery, smooth/soft
Opposite or verticillate
Bladders
No roots
Two-petalled flower
Long peduncles
Bladderwort
![Page 50: Aquatic Plant IDAquatic plant identification Lyn Gettys, PhD • lgettys@ufl.edu University of Florida IFAS FLREC](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022040818/5e635f56a7b83059a677ee6a/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Bladderwort
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Chara sp. (Characeae): native macrophytic alga
Depth to 6’
Branchlets narrow, thread-like, coarse, to 2”
Verticillate
Aromatic…
No roots
Spores
Chara (muskgrass)
![Page 52: Aquatic Plant IDAquatic plant identification Lyn Gettys, PhD • lgettys@ufl.edu University of Florida IFAS FLREC](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022040818/5e635f56a7b83059a677ee6a/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Chara (muskgrass)
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Many genera and species; some native, some exotic
See algae ID talk for more info
Depth to 6’
Multi-cellular
Cells attach end-to-end
No roots
Filamentous algae
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Najas guadalupensis (Najadaceae): native
Depth to 6’
Leaves narrow, finely serrate, to 1”
Opposite or verticillate
Green to purplish
Rooted
Flowers rare
Southern naiad
![Page 55: Aquatic Plant IDAquatic plant identification Lyn Gettys, PhD • lgettys@ufl.edu University of Florida IFAS FLREC](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022040818/5e635f56a7b83059a677ee6a/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Southern naiad
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Potamogeton illinoensis (Potamogetonaceae): native
Depth to 6’
Floating leaves elliptic, 4”
Submersed leaves lanceolate, 8”
Long petioles
Opposite or verticillate
Rooted
Short spike of green flowers
Illinois pondweed
![Page 57: Aquatic Plant IDAquatic plant identification Lyn Gettys, PhD • lgettys@ufl.edu University of Florida IFAS FLREC](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022040818/5e635f56a7b83059a677ee6a/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Illinois pondweed
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Vallisneria americana (Hydrocharitaceae): native
Plant height to 5’
Leaves straplike, to 1” x 5’
Rounded apex
Basal rosette
Rooted
♀ flowers on long peduncles
♂ flowers tiny, floating
Eelgrass (tapegrass, val)
![Page 59: Aquatic Plant IDAquatic plant identification Lyn Gettys, PhD • lgettys@ufl.edu University of Florida IFAS FLREC](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022040818/5e635f56a7b83059a677ee6a/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Eelgrass (tapegrass, val)
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HydrillaHydrilla verticillata (Hydrocharitaceae): exotic; Noxious Weed
Multiple origins – Korea, India* (FL: dioecious ♀)
Depth to 25’
Leaves strap-shaped, serrate, 0.5”
Verticillate (4 to 8)
Rooted; tubers, turions
White flower to 0.25”
Long peduncle
![Page 61: Aquatic Plant IDAquatic plant identification Lyn Gettys, PhD • lgettys@ufl.edu University of Florida IFAS FLREC](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022040818/5e635f56a7b83059a677ee6a/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Hydrilla
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Egeria densa (Hydrocharitaceae): exotic (not listed)
S. America
Depth to 6’
Leaves strap-shaped, finely serrate, 0.5”
Verticillate (4 to 8)
Rooted
White flower to 0.75”
Short peduncle
Brazilian elodea, egeria
![Page 63: Aquatic Plant IDAquatic plant identification Lyn Gettys, PhD • lgettys@ufl.edu University of Florida IFAS FLREC](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022040818/5e635f56a7b83059a677ee6a/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Brazilian elodea, egeria
![Page 64: Aquatic Plant IDAquatic plant identification Lyn Gettys, PhD • lgettys@ufl.edu University of Florida IFAS FLREC](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022040818/5e635f56a7b83059a677ee6a/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Easily confused…
????????????????
![Page 65: Aquatic Plant IDAquatic plant identification Lyn Gettys, PhD • lgettys@ufl.edu University of Florida IFAS FLREC](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022040818/5e635f56a7b83059a677ee6a/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Nelumbo lutea (Nelumbonaceae): native
Leaves simple, 12”
Waxy/rubbery
Round, peltate
Floating, emergent
Corn-dog rhizome
BIG yellow flowers
American lotus
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American lotus
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Nuphar lutea (N. advena) (Nymphaceae): native
Leaves 12”, simple
Cordate to sagittate
Submersed, floating, emergent
Yellow “half-open” flowers
Thick creamy rhizomes
Spatterdock (cow lily)
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Spatterdock (cow lily)
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Nymphaea odorata: native
Leaves 8”, nearly round
Cleft/wedged
Pointed basal lobes
Floating white flowers
Fragrant, many petals
Fragrant white waterlily
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Fragrant white waterlily
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Nymphaea mexicana: native
Leaves 8”, nearly round
Small cleft
Pointed basal lobes
Purple/brown
Floating yellow flowers
Not fragrant, many petals
Yellow waterlily
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Yellow waterlily
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Nymphoides spp. (Menyanthaceae)
1 native, 3 exotic
Leaves simple, floating
Small (< 2”) showy flowers
Floatinghearts
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Nymphoides aquatica: native
Leaves 6”, nearly round
Round base, ~notched apex
Green upper, purple lower
Corky
Flat white flowers
5 petals
“Banana cluster” ramets
Bananalily
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Bananalily
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Nymphoides cristata: exotic (Asia): FL Noxious Weed
Leaves 6”, cordate
Dark red markings
Smooth
Ridged white flowers
~5 petals
Spikey ramet
Crested floatingheart
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Crested floatingheart
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Nymphoides indica: exotic (Asia); not listed
Leaves 8”, round, notchedFlat, bright green
White “fuzzy” flowers~5-10 petals
Copious seed production
Small/no ramets
Water snowflake
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Water snowflake
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Nymphoides peltata: exotic (Asia): FL Noxious Weed
Leaves 5”, round to cordate
~ purple lower
~ scalloped margin
Flat papery yellow flowers
5 petals
Copious seed production
Small/no ramets
Yellow floatingheart
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Yellow floatingheart
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Easily confused…
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Easily confused…
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Salvinia molesta (Salviniaceae): exotic; Noxious Weed
Brazilian fern
Fronds to 4 cm
Upper fronds round/oval
Joined in pairs
“Egg-beater” hairs
Lower fronds = “roots”
Giant salvinia (waterfern)
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Giant salvinia (waterfern)
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Pistia stratiotes (Araceae): exotic – probably…
S. America, Africa, SE US
FL Class 2 Prohibited Aquatic Plant
Plant width to 2’
Leaves to 1’, scalloped
Thick, dull green, sessile
Roots light, feathery
Inconspicuous flowers
Waterlettuce
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Waterlettuce
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Limnobium spongia (Hydrocharitaceae): native
Plant height to 1’
Leaves 3”, round to cordate
Leathery, spongy
Stiff ridged petioles; basal
Small white flower
Roots creamy, smooth
Frogbit
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Frogbit
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Eichhornia crassipes (Pontederiaceae): exotic; FLPAP
Brazil, S. America
Plant height to 3’
Leaves 5”, round
Leathery/rubbery
Spongy petioles; basal
Roots dark, feathery
Showy purple flowers
Maintenance control!!!
Waterhyacinth
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Waterhyacinth
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Easily confused…
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Plant Identification Terminology: An Illustrated Glossary
(Harris and Harris) (amazon.com)
CAIP website: http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu
vPlants: A Virtual Herbarium of the Chicago Region:
http://www.vplants.org/plants/glossary/index.html
Wayne’s Word Online Textbook of Natural History
http://waynesword.palomar.edu/
Resources