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Over the past two three decades the

problem of yellowing of textiles has

become progressively more

widespread.

It would be wrong to regard

yellowing as a phenomenon arising

from a single cause.

There are more than 20 differentways in which white or pale-coloured

textiles can undergo this undesirable

change in appearance.

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The critical factors identified are:Access to hindered phenol

Access to air and NOxpHAuxiliariesMoisture

PackagingIn the case of indigo-dyed textiles there is the risk of the dyestuff

being destroyed due to environental influences! "his irreversible

destruction of the dyestuff is caused# aongst others# by an

interaction of ultraviolet radiation# o$one % nitrogen oxide

-&photocheical sog'! Ho(ever# noxious gases ay effect a

destruction of the dyestuff even (ithout ultraviolet radiation being

involved! "he degradation products of the indigo are usually

yello() therefore (e also speak of yello(ing during storage of the

indigo!

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The critical factors identified are:

"his phenoenon is# for instance# observed (hen looking at

the folded edges of ade-up *eans!

In a pile of folded *eans# the folded edges are particularly

affected since they are especially exposed to light % air!

"he interior of the pile is protected against

detriental influences by its relative

inaccessibility!

+ue to the extree ring dyeing of the (arp

yarn# the indigo dyestuff situated on the surface

is highly accessible to noxious gases# such as

NOx

and O,

!

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TT!"I#$ $%#T&

O'one O(:

O$one is the strongest oxidi$ing agent after fluorine! Inorganic cheistry it serves to detect - double bonds!

"he general bleaching effect of o$one on indigo is (ell-

kno(n! "herefore the indigo dyestuff is also used as an

indicator dyestuff in detection systes .e!g! +rager/

(hich serve to easure the o$one concentration!

#itrogen oxides #ox:

Nitrogen oxides are also referred to as &nitrous gases'!

Nitrogen oxides are ainly coposed on nitrogen

onoxide % nitrogen dioxide! "hey are kno(n to be

highly aggressive agents!

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)*O+,%& !&%/ O#$&T OT1%*& +

#O3IO& $&%& :

0ello(ing of optical brighteners due to nitrogen oxides 1

o$one!

+estruction of natural rubber by o$one

hanges of shade caused by nitrogen oxides

0ello(ing of polyurethane fibres due to nitrogen oxides

% sulphur dioxide

/estruction of indigo by o'one and nitrogen

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!O#T%* - %&*%&

2torage of the textiles in a controlled environent!

Optiu ventilation of the store roos .circulating

air/! Nox is heavier than air and accuulates on the

ground!

Packing e!g! in polyethylene foil that does not contain

any igrating# light-inhibiting stabili$ers!

+o not expose goods to sunlight!

)rotective finishing with

4&O*+-O5 6 )owersil-#O5

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%!1#I& O7 %,,O8I#$ O7 I#/I$O-/%/ T%3TI,%& /% TO I*

)O,,T#T& &!1 & O5O#% 6 #IT*O$%# O3I/%&

3ltraviolet radiation 9 o$one O( nitrogen oxides #ox!

2hort (avelength portion partly fored

of the sunlight by 34 % Nox e!g! fro the cobustion of fossil fuels

photocheical sog

foration of aggressive radicals

5adical attack against the double-bonded# con*ugated indigo syste

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H

H

Indigo

6oration of peroxide % other radicals destruction of the - double bond foration of

ostly yello( degradation products are

N

!OO1

HH

N

O

O

Phenylglycine

.olourless/

Isatine

.0ello(/

N

NO

O

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It is a coplex aido aine phosphate used to protect indigodyed fabrics and garents against o$one % NOx fading !

7conoical % 7co-friendly!

Hybrid silicone iparts preiu softness Iparts preiu softness! 2oftening better than conventional

aino silicone eulsion

Protects indigo dyed fabrics and garents fro O$one andNOx fading

7nhances colour depth 7co friendly

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