APUSHAPUSH

Locke and JeffersonLocke and JeffersonJohn Locke’s Second Treatise of Government clearly influenced John Locke’s Second Treatise of Government clearly influenced Thomas Jefferson as he wrote the Declaration of IndependenceThomas Jefferson as he wrote the Declaration of Independence

Treatise Declaration

“The state of nature has a law to govern it”

“to preserve life, liberty and property”

“men being by nature all free, equal, and independent”

“for when any number of men have, by the consent of every individual, made a community, with a power to act as one body, which is only by the will and determination of the majority”

“Laws of Nature and Nature’s God”

“life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness”

“all men are created equal”

“Governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed”

BritainBritain AmericansAmericans

AdvantagesAdvantages ?? ??

DisadvantagesDisadvantages ?? ??

On the Eve of the On the Eve of the Revolution ?Revolution ?

Comparison: Britain v ColonistsComparison: Britain v ColonistsBritain The “United States”

LoyalistLoyalist

StrongholdStrongholdss

Washington’s HeadachesWashington’s Headaches

Only _____ of the colonists were in favor of a war for independence [the other third were Loyalists, and the final third were neutral].

State/colony loyalties.

Congress couldn’t ______ to raise money for the Continental Army.

Poor training [until the arrival of Baron von Steuben.

Exports & Imports: 1768-Exports & Imports: 1768-17831783

So, what does all this mean?:

Military StrategiesMilitary Strategies

The American

s

The British

Bunker Hill (June, 1775)Bunker Hill (June, 1775)

The British suffered over 40% casualties.

Washington Crossing the Washington Crossing the DelawareDelaware

Painted by Emanuel Leutze, 1851 –

Valley Forge – Pennsylvania Camp -Winter 1777-1778

– 2,000 men die of cold and disease

Defeats the Hessians 1776 (Trenton, NJ); allows Army to head towards NY

Saratoga: Saratoga: (NY) (NY) “Turning Point”“Turning Point” of the War? of the War?

Significance:

________ TOO!

The Battle of Yorktown The Battle of Yorktown (1781)(1781)

Count de Rochambeau

AdmiralDe Grasse

RESULT:

“Franco-American Victory”

Cornwallis’ Surrender at Cornwallis’ Surrender at Yorktown:Yorktown:

Painted by John Trumbull, 1797

““The World Turned Upside The World Turned Upside Down!” Down!”

North America After theNorth America After theTreaty of Paris, 1783Treaty of Paris, 1783

Treaty of Paris - 1783Treaty of Paris - 1783• Took _____ years to negotiate Took _____ years to negotiate

after Yorktown; signed Sept. ____after Yorktown; signed Sept. ____• Ben Franklin, John Adams, and Ben Franklin, John Adams, and

John Jay represent AmericaJohn Jay represent America• War very ____________ in Britain. War very ____________ in Britain.

Britain continues fight with France Britain continues fight with France and Spain in West Indies (want and Spain in West Indies (want quick negotiation with US)quick negotiation with US)

• US and Britain negotiated in US and Britain negotiated in __________________

Treaty of Paris - 1783Treaty of Paris - 1783• Americans gain _____________Americans gain _____________

• Britain ceded so much land to Britain ceded so much land to America it ignored Indian territorial America it ignored Indian territorial rights promised from French and rights promised from French and Indian WarIndian War

• Sets US/Canda boundary todaySets US/Canda boundary today

• America made out best in the endAmerica made out best in the end

• New idea of “_____________” New idea of “_____________” sets insets in

RepublicanismRepublicanism• ““The real revolution was the radical The real revolution was the radical

change in the principles, opinions, change in the principles, opinions, and sentiments, and affections of the and sentiments, and affections of the people.” – John Adamspeople.” – John Adams

• Republicanism – a gov’t based on Republicanism – a gov’t based on elected assemblies with no king or elected assemblies with no king or established nobilityestablished nobility

• Based on ________ and ________Based on ________ and ________

WholesaleWholesalePricePriceIndex:Index:1770-1770-17891789

Federalist vs. Anti-FederalistFederalist vs. Anti-FederalistStrongholds at the End of the Strongholds at the End of the

WarWar

Weaknesses of theWeaknesses of theArticles of Articles of

ConfederationConfederationA unicameral Congress [9 of 13 votes to pass a law].

13 out of 13 to amend.

Representatives were frequently absent.

Could not tax or raise armies.

No executive or judicial branches.

State ConstitutionsState ConstitutionsRepublicanism.

Most had strong governors with veto power.

Most had bicameral legislatures.

Property required for voting.

Some had universal white male suffrage.

Most had bills of rights.

Many had a continuation of state-established religions while others disestablished religion.

Occupational Composition of Occupational Composition of Several State AssembliesSeveral State Assemblies

in the 1780sin the 1780s

Indian Land Cessions:Indian Land Cessions:1768-17991768-1799

Disputed Territorial ClaimsDisputed Territorial ClaimsBetween Spain & the U. S.:Between Spain & the U. S.:

1783-17961783-1796

State Claims to Western State Claims to Western LandsLands

Land Ordinance of 1785Land Ordinance of 1785

Northwest Ordinance of Northwest Ordinance of 17871787

One of the major accomplishments of the Confederation Congress!

Statehood achieved in three stages:

1. Congress appointed 3 judges & a governor to govern the territory.

2. When population reached 5,000 adult male landowners elect territorial legislature.

3. When population reached 60,000 elect delegates to a state constitutional convention.

The United States in The United States in 17871787

American Exports, To & American Exports, To & From Britain: 1783-1789From Britain: 1783-1789

Annapolis Convention Annapolis Convention (1786)(1786)

12 representatives from 5 states[NY, NJ, PA, DE, VA]

GOAL address barriers that limited trade and commerce between the states.

Not enough states were represented to make any real progress.

Sent a report to the Congress to call a meeting of all the states to meet in Philadelphia to examine areas broader than just trade and commerce.

Shays’ Rebellion: 1786-Shays’ Rebellion: 1786-77

Daniel Shays

Western MA

Small farmers angered by crushing debts and taxes.

Shays’ Rebellion: 1786-Shays’ Rebellion: 1786-77

Shays’ Rebellion: 1786-Shays’ Rebellion: 1786-77

There could be no stronger evidence of the want of energy in our governments than these disorders.

-- George Washington-- George Washington

PP PP 200-211 Readings – Write questions and answers on a 200-211 Readings – Write questions and answers on a separate sheetseparate sheet

• 1. Per your reading, what were some significant 1. Per your reading, what were some significant powers of the Articles of Confederation?powers of the Articles of Confederation?

• 2. Why did Maryland and PA originally refuse to sign 2. Why did Maryland and PA originally refuse to sign the AOC? the AOC?

• 3. What was the main financial issue by 1780? What 3. What was the main financial issue by 1780? What did Robert Morris try to do?did Robert Morris try to do?

• 4. Why were the Land Ordinances of the 1780s so 4. Why were the Land Ordinances of the 1780s so significant to the future of America?significant to the future of America?

• 5. Although Shay’s Rebellion failed, how did the 5. Although Shay’s Rebellion failed, how did the Patriot Families view America leadership? How did Patriot Families view America leadership? How did the British view America as a result of this rebellion?the British view America as a result of this rebellion?

• 6. What dominated the postwar political agenda by 6. What dominated the postwar political agenda by 1787?1787?

• 7. What were some of the major points of interest at 7. What were some of the major points of interest at the Constitutional Convention when the debate of the Constitutional Convention when the debate of slavery took place? (Use examples)slavery took place? (Use examples)

Articles of ConfederationArticles of Confederation

STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES

Declare warMake treaties with other nationsRequest funds from the statesBorrow and Print MoneySettle disputes b/n statesLand Ordinance of 1785NW Ord. of 1787

No power to taxNo organized militaryMore state rights than central gov’t control\ - states had power to ignore the central gov’tFederal $ and State $ - led major confusion over valueNo executive and no judicial branch-National Congress – led by John Hancock-Large debts-France & Spain demanding their money back-9 out of 13 to pass law-13 out of 13 to Amend

Strengths/Weaknesses

Articles of ConfederationArticles of ConfederationLeaders

Samuel AdamsPatrick Henry

Thomas JeffersonJames Madison

John AdamsGeorge Washington

Alexander Hamilton

Short Answer – Class/HomeShort Answer – Class/Home• 1. To what extent was the 1. To what extent was the

American Revolution a movement American Revolution a movement for the colonists’ civil rights? for the colonists’ civil rights? Provide examples.Provide examples.

• 2. “The Articles of Confederation 2. “The Articles of Confederation could have worked if given enough could have worked if given enough time.” – Assess the validity of this time.” – Assess the validity of this quote with respect to the economic quote with respect to the economic and political conditions of the and political conditions of the 1780s. 1780s.

Articles of ConfederationArticles of Confederation

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EsSlpZX8DOQ