applications of tda in civil engineeringapplications of tda in civil engineering by dr. dingxin...
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Applications of TDA in Civil
Engineering
By Dr. DingXin Cheng, Director
California Pavement Preservation Center California State University, Chico
For 2011 Arizona Pavement/Materials Conference
Nov 15-16, 2011
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Background
Benefits of Using TDA
Civil Engineering Applications Lightweight Fill
Retaining Wall Backfill
Drainage Filter Material
Rubberized Asphalt Paving Materials
Others
Challenges and Barriers
Presentation Oultine
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Problems
Millions of used tires are already piled up in huge stockpiles: both legally …
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Problems
… and illegally
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Environmental Issues
Tire fires are an environmental nightmare!
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Environmental Issues
Tire fires release heavy metals and other hazardous compounds that run into streams and seep into shallow wells
Arsenic
Chromium
Lead
Manganese
Nickel
Mercury
Cadmium
Oil
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Environmental Issues
Toxic runoff from a tire fire can result in the death of all life in a nearby creek
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Tire Derived Aggregate (TDA)
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Benefits of TDA
TDA has properties that civil engineers need:
Lightweight
Low lateral earth pressure
Good thermal insulation
Good drainage/hydraulic conductivity
Compressible
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Benefits of TDA
Can use lots of tires!!! 75 tires per C.Y. of TDA fill
100 tires per ton
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Arizona SR 87 – Phoenix to Payson
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Range of Civil Engineering Applications
Rubberized Asphalt Paving Materials
Lightweight fill for highway embankments
Retaining wall backfill
Vibration damping layers beneath rail lines
Insulation layer to limit frost penetration in roadways
Landfill and environmental application
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Lightweight Fill for Highway Embankments
Tire shreds are viable in this application due to their light weight.
For most projects, using tire shreds as a lightweight fill material is significantly cheaper than alternatives
Highway embankment in Virginia used 1.7 million
tires!
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Retaining Wall Backfill
The weight of the tire shreds allows construction of thinner, less expensive walls
TDA can reduce problems with water and frost build up behind the wall, because TDA is free draining and is a good thermal insulator.
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Vibration Damping Layers Beneath Rail Lines
TDA is a good way to dampen the annoying vibrations caused by passing trains
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Insulation Layer to Limit Frost Penetration in Roadways
Placing a tire shred layer under the road can prevent the subgrade soils from freezing
In addition, the high permeability of tire shreds allows water to drain from beneath the roads, preventing damage to road surfaces.
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Landfill and Environmental Application
Daily and Intermediate Alternative Cover
Landfill Gas Pipe Protection
Drainage Layers in Landfill Covers
Leachate Collection and Removal System
Landfill Gas Extraction Trenches
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Barriers to Using Recycled Materials: Civil Engineering Aspects
Engineering properties not well established
Lack of long term performance data
Lack of design standards or manual
Civil engineers are risk adverse
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Barriers in Using Recycled Materials: Environmental Concerns
Chemical composition is complex
Long term environmental effects unknown
Public perception – it is a waste, so it must be bad!
Convoluted regulatory approval process
Environmental regulators are risk adverse
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Overcoming Barriers
Lab studies to determine engineering properties
Lab studies to determine environmental impacts
Pilot construction projects (full or nearly full scale)
Monitor long term engineering and environmental performance
Modify specifications, etc. as needed
Develop national and/or regional standards
Education – address concerns head on and focus on the benefits
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Guidelines Available
ASTM D6270 “Civil Engineering Applications of Scrap Tires”
FHWA guidelines to limit heating in fills
EPA studies on environmental impacts
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Successful TDA Embankment Project
PROBLEM: Embankment Constructed on Bay Mud
SOLUTION: Use TDA for the core of the embankment
CHEAPEST SOLUTION
Dixon Landing Interchange
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Lightweight Embankment Fill
Dixon Landing S880 On Ramp
Embankment Fill Application DIXON
LANDING
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Savings to the State $240,000
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Confusion Hill Backfill Project
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Confusion Hill Embankment Project
270,000 Tires
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Marina Drive slide repair
133,000 Tires
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Placement of foundation soil Compaction of foundation soil
Unloading TDA
Wall 119 Riverside, Ca 83,700 Tires
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Vibration Attenuation
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TDA Vibration Mitigation $150/ft
100,000 Tires
VTA-Vasona Line Extension 2001
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Conclusions
Barriers to using recycled materials can be overcome
TDA has properties that engineers need
Civil engineering applications are the fastest growing use for scrap tires in U.S.
Certain specifications and guidelines are available
Manageable environmental impact
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Acknowledgement
CalRecycle Tire Management Team:
Bob Fujii,
Stacey Patenaude
Albert Johnson
Kennec, Inc.
Joaquin Wright
California Pavement Preservation Center
Gary Hicks
Joel Arthur
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THANK YOU