Applications of AIS on

Air Quality Management

Chiu Yung-Feng, Dr.

Chief of Harbor And Marine Technology Center

Institute of Transportation

1

• 1. Introduction

• Real-time Webpage

• 2. Applications of AIS

• Vessel Speed Reduction Surveillance System

• Ship’s air pollution monitoring system

• 3. Air Quality Management

• Emission Inventory for Air Pollutants

• Evaluations of Impacts on the Ambient Air Quality by

Kaohsiung Port

• Real-time Air Quality Forecasting at Kaohsiung Port

2

Contents

Introduction of AIS in Chinese Taipei

3

24 AIS stations

金門接收站

吉貝嶼接收站

貓鼻頭接收站

布袋港接收站

台中港接收站

外埔接收站

台北港接收站

馬祖接收站

馬公接收站

高雄港接收站

蘭嶼接收站

花蓮港接收站

蘇澳港接收站

基隆港接收站

富岡接收站

旭海接收站

長濱接收站

東引接收站

東莒接收站

安平港接收站

王功接收站

東港接收站

頭城接收站 瑞芳接收站

Real-time Webpage

4

5

Vessel Speed Reduction Surveillance System

6

Ship’s Air Pollution Monitoring System

Applications of AIS on

Air Quality Management

Emission Inventory for Air Pollutants

8

Emission Inventory Method

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E = Energy × EF × FCF where： E：emission of pollutants (g) Energy：energy input (kW‧h) EF：emission factor (g/kW‧h) FCF：fuel modification factor

Energy = MCR × LF × Act where： MCR：maximum power of engine (kW) LF：loading factor Act：activity (hr)

LF = ( AS / MS )3

where： AS：actual ship speed (knot) MS：maximum ship speed (knot)

Spatial Distribution of Ships From AIS

NOX VOC CO SO2 PM10 PM2.5 DPM

Total 9,623 421 889 11,130 815 633 462

Within harbor 4,502 200 436 3,886 485 370 134

within 20 NM 5,121 221 453 7,244 330 263 328

Air Pollutants Emitted at Kaohsiung Port

Unit: Ton/year

SO2 Emission at Five Major Ports

2012 Keelung Port 2012 Taipei Port 2012 Taichung Port

2012 Keelung Port 2012 Kaohsiung Port 2012 Hualien Port

Evaluations of Impacts on the Ambient

Air Quality By Kaohsiung Port

13

Annual Mean Concentrations

5

10 2

2 1

4 6 8

Kaohsiung Port

Impacts on the Fine Particle and its Major

Compositions

SO4-2

NO3- NH4

+

PM2.5

Real-time Air Quality Forecasting at

Kaohsiung Port

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Structure of Real-time Forecasting

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AIS

ShipType

Lloyd’s Register

Emission Data Terrain Data

Real -Time

Meteorological Data

Stability

Mixing Height

AERMET

Input Files to AERMOD

AERMOD

Real-Time Air Quality Impacts Frecasting

Real-time Emission Estimation

Maximum Speed

Loading

Factor

Engine Type

Lloyd’s Ship Data

AIS Status

AIS Speed

AIS Ship Type

AIS Ship Length

AIS Location

Emission Factor

of Engine

FCF

Emission from Ship

Engine Power

AIS

Lloyd’s IMO NO. AIS IMO Number

AIS Call Sign Lloyd’s Call Sign

Not consistent

Consistent

Outputs

1.Files output：NOx.pos、SOx.pos

2.Real-time forecasting results at major sites

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Time Series of Forecasted Results: Nox

20

Qianjin

Qianzhen

Xiaogang

Linyuan

Future Works

1.To include more real-time activities of mobile sources into

real-time forecasting system;

2. To evaluate the impacts of ship

activities covered by AIS around

Taiwan on primary and secondary

air pollutants, like fine particle and

ozone, by three-dimensional air

quality model CMAQ;

3. To develop the real-time air quality

forecasting system for the whole Chinese Taipei by CMAQ. 21

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Thanks for

Your Attention