AP United States History

Review #8

Nationalism and Economic Development

Effects of the War of 1812

• U.S. gained respect of other nations• Federalist party came to an end• U.S. took steps toward industrial self-

sufficiency • Andrew Jackson and William Henry

Harrison become political leaders• Rise of nationalism• Future of the U.S. lay in the west (Manifest

Destiny)

Era of Good Feelings

• Described James Monroe’s two terms in office (1817-1825)

• One party in power – Democratic-Republicans

Sectionalism

• Loyalty to a part of the nation but not the nation as a whole

• Especially true of the interests of the North, South, and West

James Monroe

• 5th president – 1817-1825

• Supported growing nationalism

• Acquired Florida (Adams-Onis Treaty)

• Missouri Compromise

• Monroe Doctrine

Cultural Nationalism

• Era of unlimited prosperity

• Westward expansion

• Promoted in art by Gilbert Stuart, Charles Wilson Peale, and John Trumball

• Parson Mason Weems wrote about Washington

• Expanding public education promoted patriotism

Economic Nationalism

• Protecting U.S. industries and subsidizing internal improvements

• Tariff of 1816 – first protective tariff to protect against British goods. Supported by South and West. New England opposed

• Henry Clay’s American System – protective tariffs (1816), national bank (1816 – Second Bank of United States), internal improvements. First two already in, last would be viewed as unconstitutional.

Panic of 1819

• Caused by Second Bank of U.S.• Tightened credit to control inflation• State banks closed• Value of money fell• Unemployment, bankruptcies, debtors’ prison • Worst in West – call for land reform, opposition

to BUS, and debtors’ prison• Nationalism shaken

Decisions of the Marshall Court

• Fletcher v. Peck (1810) – declared a state law unconstitutional

• Dartmouth College v. Woodward – contract for a private corporation could not be altered by the state

• McCulloch v. Maryland – U.S. government had implied powers to create BUS

• Gibbons v. Ogden – federal government controls interstate commerce

Missouri Compromise (1820)

• Tallmadge amendment– No further slaves in Missouri– Slave children freed at 25Henry clay proposes Missouri Compromise– Missouri a slave state– Maine as free state– No slavery north of 36 30– Preserves the sectional balance– Increased sectionalism

Rush-Bagot Agreement (1817)

• Limited naval armaments on the Great Lakes b/t US and Great Britain

Florida Purchase Treaty (1819)

• AKA Adams-Onis Treaty

• Spain gave Florida and all claims to Oregon territory

Monroe Doctrine (1823)

• British wanted to be in it with us

• Sec. of State John Adams advised against it b/c Britain would restrict U.S. opportunities for further expansion

• Doctrine declared the US was opposed to any foreign intervention in the W. hemisphere

National (Cumberland) Road

• Maryland to Illinois

• Used federal and state money to build it

Erie Canal (1825)

• Linked western farmers to eastern markets

in New York

• Canals stimulated trade, improved transportation, and lower food prices

Robert Fulton

• Steamboat travel

• Made shipping faster and cheaper

Eli Whitney

• Cotton gin made cotton profitable

• Increase in slavery

• Interchangeable parts

Samuel Slater

• Established first factory with cotton-spinning machines

Factory System

• New England

• Ran on water system

• Banking and insurance grew as a result

Lowell System

• Used women in factories and housed them in dorms

Unions

• Around by 1790s

• Discontent among factory workers

• Wanted a ten hour work day

Market Revolution

• Specialized jobs on farms, growth of cities, industrialization, and modern capitalism

• Female labor increased – domestic labor or teaching

• Wages improved for most workers and greater economic opportunities

• Slavery grew as a result of the increased value of slavery