8/7/2019 AP Bio Plant Anatomy(KFogler)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ap-bio-plant-anatomykfogler 1/26

AP Biology 2006-2007

Plant Anatomy

8/7/2019 AP Bio Plant Anatomy(KFogler)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ap-bio-plant-anatomykfogler 2/26

AP Biology

Basic plant anatomy 1root

root tiproot hairs

8/7/2019 AP Bio Plant Anatomy(KFogler)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ap-bio-plant-anatomykfogler 3/26

AP Biology

RootsRoots anchor plant in soil, absorbminerals & water, & store food

fibrous roots (1)mat of thin roots that spread outmonocots

tap roots (2)1 large vertical rootalso produces many small lateral,

or branch rootsdicots

root hairs (3)increase absorptivesurface area

2

1

3

8/7/2019 AP Bio Plant Anatomy(KFogler)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ap-bio-plant-anatomykfogler 4/26

AP Biology

Basic plant anatomy 2root

root tiproot hairs

shoot (stem)nodes

internodes

budsterminal or apical buds

axillary budsflower buds & flowers

8/7/2019 AP Bio Plant Anatomy(KFogler)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ap-bio-plant-anatomykfogler 5/26

AP Biology

Modified shootsstolons (strawberries) rhizome (ginger)

tuber otato bulb onion

8/7/2019 AP Bio Plant Anatomy(KFogler)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ap-bio-plant-anatomykfogler 6/26

AP Biology

Basic plant anatomy 3root

root tiproot hairs

shoot (stem)nodes

internodes

budsterminal or apical buds

axillary budsflower buds & flowers

leavesmesophyll tissue

veins (vascular bundles)

8/7/2019 AP Bio Plant Anatomy(KFogler)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ap-bio-plant-anatomykfogler 7/26

8/7/2019 AP Bio Plant Anatomy(KFogler)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ap-bio-plant-anatomykfogler 8/26

AP Biology succulent leaves

Modified leavestendrils (peas) spines (cacti)

colored leaves (poinsetta)

8/7/2019 AP Bio Plant Anatomy(KFogler)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ap-bio-plant-anatomykfogler 9/26

AP Biology

8/7/2019 AP Bio Plant Anatomy(KFogler)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ap-bio-plant-anatomykfogler 10/26

AP Biology

Both systemsdepend on theother

roots depend onsugars producedby photosyntheticleavesshoots depend onwater & mineralsabsorbed from thesoil by roots

Interdependent systems

water &

minerals

sugars

8/7/2019 AP Bio Plant Anatomy(KFogler)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ap-bio-plant-anatomykfogler 11/26

AP Biology

Plant TISSUESDermal

epidermis (³skin´ of plant)single layer of tightlypacked cells that covers

& protects plantGround

bulk of plant tissuephotosynthetic mesophyll ,

storageVascular transport system inshoots & rootsxylem & phloem

8/7/2019 AP Bio Plant Anatomy(KFogler)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ap-bio-plant-anatomykfogler 12/26

AP Biology

Plant CELL types in plant tissuesParenchyma

³typical´ plant cells = least specializedphotosynthetic cells, storage cellstissue of leaves, stem, fruit, storage roots

Collenchymaunevenly thickened primary wallssupport

Sclerenchymavery thick, ³woody´ secondary wallssupportrigid cells that can¶t elongate

dead at functional maturity

If I·d onlyhad triplets!

8/7/2019 AP Bio Plant Anatomy(KFogler)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ap-bio-plant-anatomykfogler 13/26

AP Biology

ParenchymaParenchyma cells are unspecialized, thin, flexible & carryout many metabolic functions

all other cell types in plants develop from parenchyma

8/7/2019 AP Bio Plant Anatomy(KFogler)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ap-bio-plant-anatomykfogler 14/26

AP Biology

CollenchymaC ollenchyma cells have thicker primary walls & providesupport

help support without restraining growthremain alive in maturity

the strings in celery stalksare collenchyma

8/7/2019 AP Bio Plant Anatomy(KFogler)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ap-bio-plant-anatomykfogler 15/26

AP Biology

SclerenchymaThick, rigid cell wall

lignin (wood)cannot elongatemostly dead at maturity

Cells for supportxylem vesselsxylem tracheidsfibers

rope fiberssclereids

nutshellsseed coatsgrittiness in pears

8/7/2019 AP Bio Plant Anatomy(KFogler)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ap-bio-plant-anatomykfogler 16/26

AP Biologytracheids

vessel elements Vascular tissue

A aaah«

Structure²Functionagain!

vesselelement

dead cells

X ylemmove water & minerals up from rootsdead cells at functional maturity

only cell walls remainneed empty pipes to efficiently move H 2O

transpirational pull

8/7/2019 AP Bio Plant Anatomy(KFogler)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ap-bio-plant-anatomykfogler 17/26

AP Biology

Phloem: food-conducting cellscarry sugars & nutrients throughout plant

sieve tube

companion cell

living cells

plasmodesmatasieve plate

8/7/2019 AP Bio Plant Anatomy(KFogler)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ap-bio-plant-anatomykfogler 18/26

AP Biology

Phloem: food-conducting cellssieve tube elements & companion cells

8/7/2019 AP Bio Plant Anatomy(KFogler)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ap-bio-plant-anatomykfogler 19/26

AP Biology

PhloemLiving cells at functional maturity

cell membrane, cytoplasmcontrol of diffusion

lose their nucleus, ribosomes & vacuolemore room for specialized transport of liquid food (sucrose)

Cellssieve tubes

sieve plates ² end walls ² have pores to facilitateflow of fluid between cells

companion cellsnucleated cells connected to the sieve-tube

help sieve tubes

A aaah«Structure²Function

again!

8/7/2019 AP Bio Plant Anatomy(KFogler)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ap-bio-plant-anatomykfogler 20/26

AP Biology

Vascular tissue in stems

dicottrees & shrubs

monocotgrasses & lilies

collect annual rings

8/7/2019 AP Bio Plant Anatomy(KFogler)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ap-bio-plant-anatomykfogler 21/26

AP Biology

Vascular tissue in roots: dicot

xylemphloem

8/7/2019 AP Bio Plant Anatomy(KFogler)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ap-bio-plant-anatomykfogler 22/26

AP Biology

xylem

phloem

Vascular tissue in roots: monocot

8/7/2019 AP Bio Plant Anatomy(KFogler)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ap-bio-plant-anatomykfogler 23/26

AP Biology 2006-2007

You too can be aFlaming Carrot if«You Ask Questions !

8/7/2019 AP Bio Plant Anatomy(KFogler)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ap-bio-plant-anatomykfogler 24/26

AP Biology 2006-2007

Ghosts of Lectures Past(storage)

8/7/2019 AP Bio Plant Anatomy(KFogler)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ap-bio-plant-anatomykfogler 25/26

AP Biology

Putting it all together Obtaining raw materials

sunlightleaves = solar collectors

CO 2

stomates = gas exchange

H2Ouptake from roots

nutrientsuptake from roots

8/7/2019 AP Bio Plant Anatomy(KFogler)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ap-bio-plant-anatomykfogler 26/26

AP Biology

Phloem sieve plate

sievetubes