antebellum reform movements › tmthomas › ch11ref.pdf · social religious methods of reform...
TRANSCRIPT
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Antebellum Reform Movements
http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwj5gpfLy8XhAhWMm4MKHSQ_BGcQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=http://mo8ushistory.weebly.com/reform-movements.html&psig=AOvVaw0mFT2WYTEicBfHeqCi8iiD&ust=1554987921536017http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwj9o_bYy8XhAhUmjoMKHbHAAwgQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=http://www.marmorahistory.ca/temperance&psig=AOvVaw0mFT2WYTEicBfHeqCi8iiD&ust=1554987921536017https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwj9o_bYy8XhAhUmjoMKHbHAAwgQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https://abolitionnc.weebly.com/differing-views-of-slavery.html&psig=AOvVaw0mFT2WYTEicBfHeqCi8iiD&ust=1554987921536017
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Antebellum Reform Movements
“Reform”
Positive change
Improve Society
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Antebellum Reform Movements
Motives (why)
Types/areas of reform (what)
Social
Religious
Methods of reform (how)
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Antebellum Reform Movements
Motives – why here, why now?
Rapid growth
Rapid growth of cities
Changing social order/mobility
Geographic mobility
Need for order in uncertain world
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Antebellum Reform Movements
Motives – why here, why now?
Unhappy with present
Need to assess future
Desire to improve society
American “exceptionalism”
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Religious Reform
“Second Great Awakening”
http://www.americanyawp.com/text/10-religion-and-reform/
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“Camp Meeting”
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjI3oCFz8XhAhUq_4MKHZxqAqAQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tent_revival_during_the_Second_Great_Awakening.jpg&psig=AOvVaw07JJC9pUCIVh3qbXN1gmlz&ust=1554988842978755
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Second Great Awakening
North
South
Emphasis on social reform
religious
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Social Reforms
What are they reforming?
“Sins”
“Moral and social evils”
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Social Reforms
Temperance Movement
“Demon rum”
Train ride to destruction
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Social Reforms
Gambling
“Immoral acts” (e.g., prostitution)
Crime
Destruction of the family
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwihhbOx0MXhAhUM9YMKHS7DC5sQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/religious/the-temperance-movement/&psig=AOvVaw16i2M1Bf5k2wdUrMBphV2v&ust=1554989216336336
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Social Reforms
Abolition
“Moral evil”
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwiM16D40sXhAhVD_oMKHcmmAGQQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https://www.americanantiquarian.org/nehsc/reform.htm&psig=AOvVaw0wsrrhZVBWagjsvg5EccMP&ust=1554989835500125https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwinm-Hc0sXhAhWa0YMKHQVfCJgQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https://danetteoneal.com/2015/07/04/on-july-4-1854-abolitionists-including-william-lloyd-garrison-sojourner-truth-lucy-stone-and-henry-david-thoreau-addressed-a-rally-sponsored-by-the-massachusetts-anti-slavery-soci/&psig=AOvVaw0wsrrhZVBWagjsvg5EccMP&ust=1554989835500125
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Slavery/Abolition
Gradual vs. Immediate
Compensation
Social implications/”disruption”
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American Colonization Society “colonizing” African Americans in
Africa
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwiGlpy31MXhAhXJ7IMKHebEA0UQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https://www.thoughtco.com/american-colonization-society-1773296&psig=AOvVaw0GicJYG1IRtVfrYNvfgN81&ust=1554990273290092https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjk1azs1MXhAhWwrIMKHTkoBkEQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https://www.gilderlehrman.org/content/american-colonization-society-membership-certificate-1833&psig=AOvVaw0GicJYG1IRtVfrYNvfgN81&ust=1554990273290092
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American Colonization Society Liberia – est. 1821
Monrovia
http://todayinsocialsciences.blogspot.com/2013/04/the-origins-of-liberia.html
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Racial Equality & Emancipation
William Lloyd Garrison
The Liberator
Frederick Douglass
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjF7r-g1cXhAhWDo4MKHVydB4cQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Lloyd_Garrison&psig=AOvVaw1gJVmgQJ99lUXMqvX5B9oL&ust=1554990511584114https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjfyODL1cXhAhVD2oMKHStcA-YQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https://www.nps.gov/frdo/learn/historyculture/frederickdouglass.htm&psig=AOvVaw2wu9T_VRH5S_5lZpWKhNdj&ust=1554990612043637
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Women’s Rights
“feme covert”
Legal doctrine
Married woman subservient
to husband
“Coverture”
Could not own property
Could not sign legal document
Could not enter into a contract
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Woman suffrage
Lucretia Mott Elizabeth Cady Stanton
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Woman suffrage
Seneca Falls - 1848 a convention “to discuss the social, civil, and
religious condition and rights of woman”
Organized by female Quakers
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwiI_dubmsbhAhXgHzQIHejYBVsQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https://www.pinterest.com/pin/258394097341093518/&psig=AOvVaw3AcXFVJgZ9byLXsxg02VWG&ust=1555008909085932
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Seneca Falls
“Declaration of Sentiments”
“When, in the course of human events, it becomes
necessary for one portion of the family of man to assume
among the people of the earth a position different from that
which they have hitherto occupied, but one to which the laws
of nature and of nature's God entitle them, a decent respect
to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare
the causes that impel them to such a course.
We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men and
women are created equal; that they are endowed by their
Creator with certain inalienable rights; that among these are
life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness; that to secure these
rights governments are instituted, deriving their powers from
the consent of the governed.”
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Methods of Reform
Collective action
Voluntary associations
Benevolent organizations
http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjqkJDNo8bhAhW1HTQIHfwVBcUQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=/url?sa%3Di%26rct%3Dj%26q%3D%26esrc%3Ds%26source%3Dimages%26cd%3D%26ved%3D%26url%3Dhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woman's_Christian_Temperance_Union%26psig%3DAOvVaw3OdAZY8vd-vjzDd6PiMsJF%26ust%3D1555011546355499&psig=AOvVaw3OdAZY8vd-vjzDd6PiMsJF&ust=1555011546355499http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjqkJDNo8bhAhW1HTQIHfwVBcUQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=/url?sa%3Di%26rct%3Dj%26q%3D%26esrc%3Ds%26source%3Dimages%26cd%3D%26ved%3D%26url%3Dhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woman's_Christian_Temperance_Union%26psig%3DAOvVaw3OdAZY8vd-vjzDd6PiMsJF%26ust%3D1555011546355499&psig=AOvVaw3OdAZY8vd-vjzDd6PiMsJF&ust=1555011546355499https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/Wctu_logo.png
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Methods of Reform
Education/schools
Universal
Non-sectarian
Free
Horace Mann
“Common school”
(public school) movement
Catharine Beecher
http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjqkJDNo8bhAhW1HTQIHfwVBcUQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=/url?sa%3Di%26rct%3Dj%26q%3D%26esrc%3Ds%26source%3Dimages%26cd%3D%26ved%3D%26url%3Dhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woman's_Christian_Temperance_Union%26psig%3DAOvVaw3OdAZY8vd-vjzDd6PiMsJF%26ust%3D1555011546355499&psig=AOvVaw3OdAZY8vd-vjzDd6PiMsJF&ust=1555011546355499
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Methods of Reform
In the home
Role of women
“Cult of True Womanhood”
“Cult of Domesticity”
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwi_5vXymNLhAhUP2qwKHb8jBKkQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https://apprend.io/apush/period-4/cult-of-domesticity/&psig=AOvVaw1tUsMtTwNGFaAneQf_Xy9m&ust=1555420996433701https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwiMjf2AmdLhAhVGSq0KHa2JC-IQjRx6BAgBEAQ&url=https://csivc.csi.cuny.edu/history/files/lavender/386/truewoman.pdf&psig=AOvVaw1tUsMtTwNGFaAneQf_Xy9m&ust=1555420996433701https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwiAqciNmdLhAhUJSq0KHRw4DLwQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https://mstartzman.pbworks.com/Cult-of-Domesticity-(5)&psig=AOvVaw1tUsMtTwNGFaAneQf_Xy9m&ust=1555420996433701
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Methods of Reform
Utopias
Communal living
Seeking perfection
Oneida Community
Brook Farm
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwiywt73p8bhAhV2HDQIHc5IAtIQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https://fineartamerica.com/featured/brook-farm-19th-century-granger.html&psig=AOvVaw0wwFbKa5xIqmeo9oYGG05K&ust=1555012696851492
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Methods of Reform
Spiritualism
Seeking knowledge from spirits
8 million followers
by 1900
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjWj8jZqMbhAhXrFzQIHWIpDN8QjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https://goldenageofgaia.com/2016/11/13/history-spiritualist-movement/&psig=AOvVaw3fPhYT5olvSlkRGnC-buo1&ust=1555012870548833