Okan University

Faculty of Economics and Administrative ScienceDepartment of Business Administration

BUS401.1 - Research Methods in Administrative Sciences

Assistant Professor Lecturer Işık Çiçek

SUBJECT‘’Experience in executive and a recent graduate manager work in the same place and how does it affect the performance? ‘’

SUMMARYWork experience is the experience that a person has been working, or worked in a specific field or occupation. Functional experience and expectations you can get all from job. Experience is the knowledge acquired in a matter accumulation over time.

INTRODUCTION

The purpose of this project is appreciating the experience in executive and a recent graduate manager work in the same place and how does it affect the performance. We have included the following steps :

•literature•model and hypothesis•information about the sector•general information about the visited company•SPSS analysis•bibliography and responses for open and closed-ended questions.

We completed our project step by step.In this study firstly we choosed a company that can share some information about employees with us and we got general information from the human resources manager of the company. According the this information we choosed a model for research methods and we created a survey which includes our model. We implemented that surveys with 30 employees who works in SHR İnteraktif Servisler San. ve Tic. A.Ş. According to the results we prepared an excel form of results and we used that results at SPSS program. SPSS program is very useful for our project. Because we can see all the results and analysis on SPSS that we need.Also, with this project we started for research literature and we searched for article that contains our model.

LITERATURE

Teamwork…

The ability to develop a sense of teamwork and camaraderie among workers is one ay that relational demography can prove to be an important area of study for organizational psychologists and for other human resources managers.

Organizational Culture…

The development of a strong organizational culture is also an important by product of using relational demography.

Limit…

While relational demography appears to have positive implications in the business world, there are some questions about its ability to accurately assess individual and group attitudes and behaviors.

Similarities…Relational demography indicates

that the more similarities workers in the same social group have among one another, the more likely it is that these workers will develop positive work attitudes and behaviors.

Demographic similarity and advancement opportunities…Individuals who are demographically similar to the rest of their

work units will perceive more opportunity for advancement than individuals who are demographically different from the rest of their work units.

Using self-categorization theory to understand relational demography-based variations in people’s responsivenessto organizational culture…

Officers from a large financial services firm who were more demographically different from their coworkers behaved more cooperatively when their business unit emphasized collectivistic rather than individualistic cultural values.

Demographic differences, social categorization, and cooperative behavior…

People categorize demographically different people as out-group members and similar people as in-group members and also vary their cooperation depending on these categorizations. The impact of relational demography on the quality of

leader-member exchanges and employees’ work attitudes and well-being…

Recent research has suggested that demographic characteristics (such as gender, age, tenure) can play an important role in the quality of leader–member exchanges

Relational demography…

Largely independent of studies of person-culture fit, a separate body of research on organizational demography has developed examining how variations in an organization’s demographic composition affects performance.

Relational demography

The gender similarities hypothesis…

Here, the author advances a very different view, the gender similarities hypothesis, which holds that males and females are similar on most, but not all, psychological variables.

Gender similarities and differences…

Gender-differences research is an extremely active area; often 50 or more studies can be found on a single aspect of gender differences. Meta-analysis has emerged as an excellent method for assessing these large research literatures to determine which findings are reliable.

Gender as a stimulus…

In the preponderance of psychological research, gender is considered to be an individual-difference or person variable. An alternative approach recognizes that gender is a social-stimulus variable as well.

Socioculturel influences on gender differences…

Some of the most exciting research and theory on sociocultural influences on psychological gender differences is coming from cross-national research and research on gender and ethnicity in the United States.

Gender and ethnicity in the United States…

Scholars in women's studies have long urged the study of the intersection of gender and ethnicity. Translated to the language of psychological science, this is equivalent to a hypothesis of an interaction of gender by ethnicity.

Top management team demography and corporate strategic chance…

This study examined the relationship between the demography of top management teams and corporate strategic change, measured as absolute change in diversification level.

Age and tenure in relation to organizational commitment: A Meta Analysis…

Age and tenure are considered important correlates of organizational commitment (OC). However, the relations between these variables and OC were found to be relatively weak. This meta-analysis examines the relations between age and tenure and OC across different time frames of employment stages.

Functional Expertise :Expectations from job(fresh position)

MODEL

Relational Demography:

-Educational Level

-Age

-Organizational Tenure

ROI

H0 I : There is no relationship between educational level and RoiH1 I : There is a positive relationship between educational level and RoiH0 II : There is no relationship between age and RoiH1 II : There is a negative relationship between age and RoiH0 III : There is no relationship between organizational tenure and RoiH1 III : There is a positive relationship between organizational tenure and RoiH0 IV : There is no effect of expectations from job on the relationship between educational level and RoiH1 IV : There is a positive effect of expectations from job on the relationship between educational level and RoiH0 V : There is no effect of expectations from job on the relationship between age and RoiH1 V : There is an effect of expectations from job on the relationship between age and RoiH0 VI : There is no effect of expectations from job on the relationship between organizational tenure and RoiH1 VI : There is a positive effect of expectations from job on the relationship between organizational tenure and Roi

INFORMATION OF THE SECTOR

Teknolojik gelişmeler eğlence sektöründe önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Teknolojik gelişmeler, yeni eğlence ürünlerinin ortaya çıkmasını sağlamıştır. Sinema, müzik, video oyunları gibi ürünler, dijital çağda iyi yönde geliştirilebilen eğlence ürünleri olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu durumda da teknoloji, eğlence endüstrisinin ekonomik yapısını büyük oranda etkilemekte ve değiştirmektedir.

Teknolojideki gelişmeler, kitlelere ürün dağıtımını kolaylaştırıp artırarak, spor ve eğlence pazarlamasının değişimine neden olmuştur. Teknolojinin eğlencede yarattığı yeni dönüşüm ve değişimlerin sayısı fazla olmuştur. Sinema, radyo, TV, video kaydediciler, CD, DVD ve internet; dünya çapında eğlence ürünlerinin yayılmasını daha da kolaylaştırmıştır.

GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE VISITED COMPANY

2009 yılında kuruluşundan bu yana yayıncı ve yapımcı olarak Dijital Eğlence sektöründe oyun severlere hizmet veren SHR Group; Türkiye, OrtaDoğu ve Kuzey Afrika Bölgesi’nin lider firmasi olarak hizmet vermektedir. Şirketin amacı, bölgedeki Dijital Eğlence Sektörü boşluğunu kapatarak, oyun severlerin beklentilerine ve ihtiyaçlarını karsılayacak bir hizmet anlayışı ile en kaliteli ve zengin içerikli online oyunları Türkçe ve Arapça lokalizasyon ile sunmaktır.

7/24 müşteri desteği, A'dan Z'ye oyun lokalizasyonu, yerel pazar ve bölgesel pazarlamaya verilen değer, sosyal ağlardaki eğlence ortamı ve online oyun keyfini birlestiren yapısı, oyuncular için kolay ödeme seçenekleri, MMOFPS, MMORPG, MMO Aksiyon, Sosyal Oyunlar, Spor, Dans ve Müzik Oyunları ve Mobil Oyunlar gibi oyun kategorilerinin farklı kesimleri ile dijital eğlence sektörü kapsamında animasyon yayıncılığı, radyo ve sosyal iletişim ağları SHR'nin sunduğu baslıca hizmetlerdir.

14 milyon kayıtlı oyuncu, 80.000 üzerinde anlık oyuncuya (PCCU) sahip Joygame; Joymoby, Joygame TV, Joygame Radyo, Joygame Store ve JoyOtaku Anime Portalları ile birlikte bölgenin en yüksek ziyaretçiye sahip internet firmalarından biridir.

Products…

Joygame, Joygame Arabic, Joymoby, Joyotaku, Hengame, Jeton, Joygame Store (Online MMRP Oyunlar)

Partners…

Softynx (Wolfteam-Rakion), Kylin Games,Wayi Interactive, Skeinglob, CJ, Nurien, Karnaval(Jeton), Perfect World (Battle Of Immortals), Frogwares (World Of Battles), Bigpoint, GameSultan, Turkcell, Cruncyroll, Spectrum Medya (Karnaval), Mighty Gamers, Avea, Vodafone, Pay to Go

Social responsibility…

TEGEV, Birsilgibirkalem.org, Mavi kapak, OSÜB Projesi…SHR personelleri arası “Joy Wars” oyun turnuvaları ve ödüllendirmeler.

Awards…

• Level Dergisi-Yılın En İyi Aksiyon Oyunu-2011• Level Dergisi-Yılın En Çok Oynanan Oyunu-2011• Google Zeitgeist-En Hızlı Yükselen 10 Google Araması-2011• Webrazzi- En İyi Oyun- 2011• Altın Örümcek-Birincilik Ödülü-2012• IMA (Interactive Media Awards) Outstanding Achievement Award Gaming Kategorisi Birinciligi-2012• IMA (Interactive Media Awards) Outstanding Achievement Award Community Kategorisi Birinciligi-2012

SPSS ANALYSIS

Evaluation of computer based tools for research…

What is SPSS?..

Statistical Package for the Social Sciences Data management and analysis Presentation functions, including statistical analyses

and graphical presentation of data Uncover key facts, patterns and trends Help for decisions making

Base System of the SPSS…

Required to run SPSS. Reads data files; Data and file manipulation Procedures for report writing Descriptive statistics Cross-tabulation tables and analysis T-tests Correlation Analysis of variance Regression Cluster analysis Factor analysis Nonparametric statistics

The Analytical Process

Strength of SPSS…

• Ease of use particularly with the Windows releases • Support a variety of charts and graphs (Categorical charts, Quality control charts, Scatterplots, Density charts, Diagnostic and exploratory plots, Probability plots, Autocorrelation and partial autocorrelation function plots, Cross-correlation function plots, Multiple use charts, Custom charts )• The ability to manage a complex data set• To create new variables from existing information• To provide many types of analysis which are not available in other package programs

• SPSS has a friendly data editor that resembles Excel that allows you to enter your data and attributes of your data (missing values, value labels, etc.) Analysis of variance (SPSS allows you to perform many kinds of tests of specific effects) and multivariate analysis. (e.g. manova, factor analysis, discriminant analysis)

Weaknesses…

• Problems in positioning graphics precisely on the pages, difficulties in editing graphs, limited graphical capabilities in early releases. • Need to have some of the newer graphs - dot plots, mosaic plots, comparative bar charts with central base line • The graphic editor is not very versatile. • Automatic scaling: makes it difficult to present different charts using the same scale for comparisons. • Need for fast processor for work with charts • Lacks many regression analysis techniques. • Difficult to edit output. • No indication for significant figures for partial correlation.

Model Summaryb

Model

R R Squar

e

Adjusted R

Square

Std. Error of

the Estimate

Durbin-Watson

1 .613a .376 .328 .46843 1.695a. Predictors: (Constant), iort, bort

b. Dependent Variable: üort

SPSS Output

In this table; we can see R square & Dubin-Watson values. Our R square is 0.376 and Durbin-Watson value is 1.995. We know Dubin-Watson value is important for time series and it should be between 1.5 & 2.5 . So, our Dubin-Watson value is suitable for this research.

Some of the important tables on SPSS…

ANOVAa

Model Sum of Squares

df Mean Square

F Sig.

1

Regression

3.439 2 1.720 7.837 .002b

Residual 5.705 26 .219

Total 9.144 28

a. Dependent Variable: üort

b. Predictors: (Constant), iort, bort

In this table; we can see Sig. value. Our Sig. value is 0.376 .

We know Sig. value is important for regression and it should be under the 0.05 . So, our Sig. value is suitable for this research and our regresssion is valid.

Coefficientsa

Model Unstandardized Coefficients

Standardized

Coefficients

t Sig.

B Std. Error

Beta

1

(Constant)

1.079 1.012 1.066

.296

bort .388 .257 .235 1.507

.144

iort .650 .188 .539 3.457

.002

In this table; we can see Standardized Coefficients values on Beta. Our Standardized Coefficients values are 0.235 and 0.539 .

We know Standardized Coefficients values on Beta effects our regression so much and we know the iort value 0.539 is effect our dependent more than bort value 0.235 which is Standardized Coefficients value on Beta.

Some of the important charts on SPSS…

In this chart; we can see Regression Standardized Residual on dependent variable üort.Our chart is normal distribution chart and it is suitable for this study.

In this chart; we can see Normal P-P Plot of Regression Standardized Residual on dependent variable üort.

Our chart included the points that focusing on the line.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

RESPONSES FOR OPEN AND CLOSED-ENDED QUESTIONS

Question 1.Workforce diversity is throughout the organization and on the basis of department what dimensions are desirable explain it?

The company all employee ara Turkish and it mainly consist of male employee.Gender diversity in the workforce diversity is low.Especially in mechanic and production depertmans of company dos not run female employee.However oparate younger employees in the sales departmant of the company.Because younger employees are more dynamic.Company workforce diversity is not high.Morital status of employees is modarate (workforce diversity).

Question 2. Depending on team effectiveness the emergence of effective will working time of employees in the company (tenure)?

The company was founded three years ago, therefore the oldest employees of the company's three years.In organizational teamwork senior employees are more effient than new employee and they have more leadership spirit,more successful. For this reason seniority is directly proportional to the positive performance in team activities.

Question 3. Is it necessary academic career to functional expertise ?

Althought exceptions, generally must be the career for functional expertise.