analytical devices made out of patterned paper€¦ · equipment‐free. deliverable to end ......
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Analytical Devices Made Out of Patterned Paper
Andres W. Martinez
Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryCalifornia Polytechnic State University
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Microfluidic Paper‐Based Analytical Devices (MicroPADs)
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• Millions of people die every year from preventable disease.
• Effective diagnosis of disease is the first step towards an appropriate treatment.
• 1st world diagnostic technologies are not always useful in developing countries.
A Global Problem
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ASSURED Diagnostic Tests
AffordableSensitiveSpecificUser‐friendlyRapid and robustEquipment‐freeDeliverable to end‐users
—World Health Organization
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Current Diagnostic Technologies microfluidic devices dipstick assayslateral‐flow assays
(pregnancy test)
MicroPADs
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large‐scalemanufacturing
easy to stackand transport
disposable
versatilefunctionality
aldehydes, acids, amines, cations, anions, etc.
1)
3)
4)
Paperlow cost ($0.15/m2
for paper towel),widely available in many types
2)
wicks fluids
5)
6)
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Why isn’t everybody making paper-based diagnostic devices?
1 cmurinalysis dipstick lateral-flow immunoassay
(pregnancy test)
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Channels in Paper
1 cm
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Fabrication by Photolithography
i. apply photoresist
ii. pre‐bakeiii. align under a mask
iv. expose to UV lightv. post‐bake
vi. develop
paper
mask1 cm SU‐8 photoresist
chromatographypaper
oblique view cross‐section
Martinez, A.W. et al. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2007, 46, 1318‐1320
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Fabrication by Wax Printing
1 cm
wax hydrophobic barriercross‐section:
Carrilho, E. et al. Anal. Chem. 2009, 81, 7091‐7095
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Assays on microPADs: Detection of Glucose and BSA
BSA assayreagents
1 cm
exposed to an artificial urine solution containing
glucose and BSA
glucose assay
reagents
[BSA](μM)
500
50
10
5.0
2.5
0
[glucose] (mM)
75
7.5
1.5
0.75
0.38
0
0.5 cm
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Quantitative Paper‐Based Assays
1 cm
Mean: 130.12
Dip device into sample
Device wicks sample into test zones
Color develops for each assay
Scan or photograph the device
Select test zonesand record mean intensity using Adobe®Photoshop®
Martinez, A.W. et al. Anal. Chem. 2008, 80, 3699‐3707
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[Glucose], mM
Known Concentration
Observed Concentration
2.5 2.3 ± 0.5
3.5 3.9 ± 0.7
4.5 4.5 ± 0.7
[BSA], μM
Known Concentration
Observed Concentration
25 27 ± 7
35 36 ± 8
45 44 ± 7
Telemedicine: Quantitative Assays Using a microPAD and a Camera Phone
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Three‐Dimensional microPADs
Martinez, A.W. et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2008, 105, 19606‐19611
0.2 min 2 min 4 min
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• 4 samples distributed into 64 detection zones.3‐D μPADs for Sample Distribution
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Paper‐Based ELISA
Cheng, C.M. et al. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2010, 49, 4771‐4774
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Paper‐Based ELISA vs. Bench‐Top ELISA
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ConclusionsMicroPADs are a new platform for ASSURED
diagnostic tests.
MicroPADs: 1. are simple to use2. detect multiple analytes3. are portable4. are inexpensive5. use small volumes of sample
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AcknowledgmentsGeorge WhitesidesManish ButteEmanuel CarrilhoChao‐Min ChengAudrey EllerbeeMalancha GuptaNina JainJustin KohMonica Mascareñas
Katherine MiricaZhihong NieScott PhillipsAdam SiegelHayat SindiSam ThomasSarah VellaBen WileyThe Whitesides group
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Questions?