an overview of its for freight and logistics in europe
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An overview of ITS for freight and logistics in Europe. Prof. G.A. Giannopoulos Director, Hellenic Institute of Transport Tel : +30 2310 498261 Email : [email protected] Web: www.hit.certh.gr. General facts and figures for European freight Transport. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Prof. G.A. GiannopoulosProf. G.A. GiannopoulosDirector, Hellenic Institute of Director, Hellenic Institute of Transport Transport Tel Tel : : +30 2310+30 2310 498261498261EmailEmail: : [email protected]@certh.grWeb: www.hit.certh.gr Web: www.hit.certh.gr
An overview of ITS for freight An overview of ITS for freight and logistics in Europe and logistics in Europe
General facts and figures for European freight Transport• Traditional freight forecasts suggest continuous
growth of Freight transport across Europe.
• Between 2000 and 2020 the estimated total growth
was (in 2000) 20%, in tn - kms, but now probably
less.
• Growth rates for freight transport traditionally
exceed those of the economy in general.
• “Intermodal” transport (i.e. using more than one
transport mode for a major part of the door-to-door
journey comprises as small 9-15 % of the total freight
market ( more on distances over 500 kilometers).
Modal split 1995-2006 (Freight tn-kms, EU-27)
Rail freight will compete with road only if:1. A new rail freight business model, is adopted which is
characterized by: A more customer oriented philosophy; Open competition on rail tracks with all actors allowed
to access the network on equal terms; A multi-products marketing oriented culture rather
than the traditional mono-product rail freight transport service culture;
Use of new skills, techniques, competences, marketing knowledge, tools and technologies, management and training.
2. The rail part is fully integrated to the overall (demand-driven) supply chain management of logistics activities.
3. The conflict with passenger transport, and the limited capacity of the lines is resolved.
Freight by railway transport is loosing Freight by railway transport is loosing ground (<10% in EU12, <20% in EU27)ground (<10% in EU12, <20% in EU27)
… Maritime transport:
1. is particularly suited for long distance freight.
2. forms the backbone of major intermodal
corridors across Europe and the world.
3. shows upward trend in spite fluctuations in the
economy.
4. is particularly promoted by EU’s e-maritime
and MoS policies.
Freight by maritime transport is going Freight by maritime transport is going strong and has quite an untapped strong and has quite an untapped potential, because … potential, because …
Areas of Innovation in Freight & Logistics (in red red the ITS related)
onon--vehiclevehiclepowertrain
turbo-charginghybridisation
electric vehicles
chassisLHVs
double-deckteardrop profilelightweighting
tyresLow rolling resistance
exhaust
particulate traps
SCR
ancillary equipmentrefrigeration
air conditioningpower deck / tail-liftanti-idling devices
fleet (management)fleet (management)
Dynamic vehicle routing
ICT apps ‘ control tower’
Online freight exchange
networknetwork--basedbasedAutomatic traffic monitoring and reporting
Active traffic management
Electronic road tolling
materials handling Load handling
Unitised loading New systems of inter- modal transferNew loading / unloading devices
Logistics
Terminal management apps
Supply chain event management“Green” logistics
powertrainturbo-charginghybridisation
electric vehicles
chassisLHVs
double-deckteardrop profilelightweighting
powertrainturbo-charginghybridisation
electric vehicles
chassisLHVs
double-deckteardrop profilelightweighting
powertrainturbo-charginghybridisation
electric vehicles
exhaust
particulate traps
SCR
chassisLHVs
double-deckteardrop profilelightweighting
powertrainturbo-charginghybridisation
electric vehicles
tyresLow rolling resistance
exhaust
particulate traps
SCR
chassisLHVs
double-deckteardrop profilelightweighting
powertrainturbo-charginghybridisation
electric vehicles
Ancillary equipmentRefrigerationair conditioningpower deck / tail-liftanti-idling devices
TyresLow rolling resistance
Exhaust
Particulate traps
SCR
ChassisLHVs Double-deckingteardrop profileLight-weighting
Power trainTurbo-charginghybridisationelectric vehicles
ICT / ITSICT / ITS
Dig. Tachograph
Tracking
Mobile coms
Route guidance
Electronic POD
Dynamic routing
Smart cruise control
CO2 monitoring and reporting
B2C & B2A apps Door_to_door transport chain monitoring and control PLATFORMS
Environmental traffic management
Definition of ITS / ICT (‘Soft infrastructures’)
ICT stands for “Information and Communication Technologies”, including individual technologies and systems using the capabilities of modern Information Technology (IT) and Telecommunications. ITS “Intelligent Transport Systems” is the combination of several ICT applications, that are put in place at the:
vehicle or load, network infrastructure, and “office”
in order to optimise the use of the network, the efficiency and effectiveness of the door-to-door transport of persons and goods, and provide reliable, real-time information and data to the users in an “intelligent” way.
Mainly proprietary systems of one large, usually globally operating forwarder or integrator, for resource allocation / fleet management, consolidation and sorting of shipments, positioning and navigation, automatic vehicle or load unit identification via RF tags, barcodes, freight management functions, re-routing and re-scheduling. Distinction between:
• Onboard the vehicle : Information about the vehicle or the load Relate vehicle to its “environment” (e.g. establish location
information ) Link vehicle to the home-base Mobile office (e.g. send quotes, confirm bookings or
delivery, send electronic documents, etc) • Home-base systems:
Transport planning, route planning, fleet management, instructions to vehicles
communication from vehicle.
A TYPOLOGY OF FREIGHT ICT APPLICATIONS AND A TYPOLOGY OF FREIGHT ICT APPLICATIONS AND SYSTEMS (1/7)SYSTEMS (1/7)
ICT for the actual “transport” ICT for the actual “transport” operation operation (within a mode)(within a mode)
• Door-to-door transport chain monitoring and supply chain management in a multimodal environment
• “Intermodal” information on schedules and services (using common definitions and data models)
• Interoperable and seamless data exchanges between all the parties in the intermodal chain irrespective of the technologies they are using for data capture.
• Integrating subcontractors and fulfilling functions across transport modes (usually through proprietary systems ).
• Functions of “Network operators”, that operate systems for data collection (positioning, etc) that employ roadside or rail side tags to measure traffic flows or provide vehicle or rolling stock positioning information
• Algorithms for the optimization of decision making, scheduling and dynamic re-scheduling along the door-to-door transport or supply chains , and
• Many more …
A TYPOLOGY OF FREIGHT ICT APPLICATIONS AND A TYPOLOGY OF FREIGHT ICT APPLICATIONS AND SYSTEMS (2/7)SYSTEMS (2/7)
ICT for Integrating Transport ICT for Integrating Transport operations operations (several modes)(several modes)
TransportCentreOperator
Consignor
Forwarder
carrierRail
Operator
authoritiesCustomsHazGoods
TransportCentreOperator
Consignee
Forwarder
carrier
RailOperator
authoritiesCustomsHazGoods
“Virtual”Terminal
(Internet Based)
Forwarder’sdatabase
carrier’sdatabase
Other databases
. . . . . . . .
User View
The fundamental concept of Intermediary “Platforms” (Web based )
Diagrammatic representation of the idea of a “ICT Platform”, “unifying” data from various sources and presenting them in a user friendly
way to the end user.
• Systems that are operated at specific sites such as ports and other Terminals, Terminal gates, Freight distribution centres, border crossings, etc.
• Typical Functions: Terminal management, automatic vehicle or driver identification, warehouse operation and management and planning functions, loading / unloading operations, etc. Also linking technologies such as freight scanning (e.g. barcodes) with other transport related tasks such as sorting, inventory systems, or invoicing and deduction.
A TYPOLOGY OF FREIGHT ICT APPLICATIONS AND A TYPOLOGY OF FREIGHT ICT APPLICATIONS AND SYSTEMS (3/7)SYSTEMS (3/7)
Site-specific ICT systems Site-specific ICT systems
ICT systems for fulfilling public administration related tasks such as: dangerous goods declaration; customs clearance systems; electronic fee collection for toll roads; smart card based functions such as driver ID, electronic tachograph, etc. Used in order to:▫ Implement safety, security or revenue mechanisms
▫ Run (public, or private) administrations such as customs or port authorities
Often outsourced to private operators or PPPs (Public-Private-Partnerships).
Special emphasis on systems that connect transport related data to administrations for advance clearance and simplification of procedures (e.g. for containers green lanes).
A TYPOLOGY OF FREIGHT ICT APPLICATIONS AND A TYPOLOGY OF FREIGHT ICT APPLICATIONS AND SYSTEMS (4/7)SYSTEMS (4/7)
Public Administration related systemsPublic Administration related systems
• Freight deliveries in urban areas• Coordination of shippers and carriers • Consolidation of shipments from various shippers,
carriers, and customers in the same (energy efficient and environmentally friendly) vehicle. E.g. the “City Logistik” concept developed in Germany.
• Central concept the City Distribution Center (the facility where shipments are consolidated prior to distribution).
• Individual routing and control depending on the individual vehicle profile, type of cargo and traffic situation.
• Access to real travel time and traffic status information.
A TYPOLOGY OF FREIGHT ICT APPLICATIONS AND A TYPOLOGY OF FREIGHT ICT APPLICATIONS AND SYSTEMS (5/7)SYSTEMS (5/7)
Systems for City logisticsSystems for City logistics
• Concepts, technological solutions and business models for
information service platforms centered on the context of
individual cargo items and their interaction with the
surrounding environment and the users.
• Possibility to dynamically combine services at different
levels.
• Possibility for services associated to any specific cargo
item, context and user request.
A TYPOLOGY OF FREIGHT ICT APPLICATIONS AND A TYPOLOGY OF FREIGHT ICT APPLICATIONS AND SYSTEMS (6/7)SYSTEMS (6/7)
Individual load item applications - E- Individual load item applications - E- FreightFreight
e.g. “Intelligent” containers
• Convergence between ICT and e-business technologies for full exploitation of Internet-based operations, electronic commerce, etc (business-to-consumer and business-to-business sides of the freight transport operation)
• Internet-based communities of interest and electronic auction mechanisms.
• Internet-based transport exchanges (business models from mere brokerage to full transport responsibility) - various interfaces (web/internet, mobile phone/handheld, roadside kiosks, etc).
• “Customer-focused” ICT systems (to help shippers find appropriate transport connections and modes, simplify transport-related tasks, or track bookings and shipments)
• Ancillary transport functions such as customs brokerage, insurance or warehousing
A TYPOLOGY OF FREIGHT ICT APPLICATIONS AND A TYPOLOGY OF FREIGHT ICT APPLICATIONS AND SYSTEMS (7/7)SYSTEMS (7/7)
Freight business applications (E-Freight business applications (E-Business)Business)
Key technologies developed and implemented:• Mobile transmission technologies - GSM transmission
networks• GPS (Global Positioning Systems) for Automatic Vehicle
Location (AVL) and Computer-Aided Dispatch (CAD). • ‘Mobile Internet‘ capabilities - high speed multimedia,
document exchange, access to other ICT services• RFiD and other read / write chips, (meta-language for the
definition of non-proprietary data exchange standards).• Route guidance and navigation systems conventional or
congestion sensitive• Onboard sensors for vehicle mechanical condition,
monitoring of the state of the loaded goods, automatic payment for toll roads, vehicle or load unit identification at terminals, etc.
• Smart cards applications, electronic tachograph, electronic driver licence, storage of load-related information, etc.
KEY ICT DEVELOPMENTS TODATE (1/6)
Interoperability and standardization of messages• UN/EDIFACT - EDI• XML (eXtensible Markup Language) perhaps the most important
data interchange format for e-business. Several variations produced: o ebXML, (United Nations Centre for Trade Facilitation and
Electronic Business (UN/CEFACT) and the Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS)
o TransportXML, (an XML based standard for electronic collaboration within and/or with the transport and forwarding industry in the period from 2001/2002)
o Shortsea XML for streamlining the administration processes within a short sea based logistics chain for scheduling, booking, operations and invoicing.
• SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) (for remote procedure calls between applications in a distributed environment)
• ... And others
KEY ICT DEVELOPMENTS TODATE (2/6)
Progress in creating reference Architectures for ICT based Freight and logistics operations
• Need for an overall common “Reference architecture” for transport management and data transfer and use.
• Need for common generic data models, process specifications and message schemes.
• FREIGHTWISE - a standardized platform for freight transport (in terms of roles, functions, processes and messages).
The issue still remains largely unresolved …
KEY ICT DEVELOPMENTS TODATE (3/6)
Linking Traffic Management to Freight Transport operation and management . Info available on:
▫ Traffic conditions, closures of streets, traffic restrictions, etc.
▫ waiting hours at specific congestion “hotspots” such as entry to ports, or railways, or borders to third countries
▫ schedules of ferry links▫ parking areas and service stations for freight transport▫ the height of bridges (services still being developed)▫ permits for freight transport▫ freight transport related associations▫ general information on ports▫ customs (in the port or freight centers) including their
location, opening hours, etc.▫ terminals (locations, etc).
KEY DEVELOPMENTS TODATE (4/6)
Freight operations Advanced ICT systems simplifying and automating freight operations, for:a. commercial vehicle activities, e.g. electronic vehicle and
cargo identification, location and tracking, pre-clearance and in-motion verifications.
b. integrating the basic and enabling technologies into data “platforms” for presenting information to both the vehicle and the control center at the office, or even at the roadside. Information combined into internet based “platforms", allows a commercial vehicle to share urgent information with nearby vehicles, and to dialogue with its control center, or with infrastructure operators and service providers.
c. Virtual business-to-business communities of interest (European Cooperative Resource Management of Unit Loads - Trident Transport Intermodality - Data Sharing and Exchange Network of ERTICO).
KEY DEVELOPMENTS TODATE (5/6)
SMART Container Chain ManagementSMART Container Chain ManagementA “Single Window” Platform
SMART-CM PlatformSMART-CM Platform
Value-Added S ervices
L ogistics V is ibility “Neutral” Vis ibility
Neutrallayer
SMART-CMplatform
X ML 1
X ML
Vendor-specific XML
Technology-agnostic/neutral XML
X ML 1 X ML 2 X ML 3
E DCE DCE DC
XML
K &N C O S C ON DHL
X ML
X ML
XML
S AVI (S IC IS )
S AVI (S IC IS )
S AVI (S IC IS )
G UI
G UI
O therO therO ther
T“Neutral” / S ecure/un-tampered
end-to-end (e.g. digitally s igned)T
T
Business logistics layer
Advanced Fleet and Terminal management
• Systems that enable communications between dispatchers
in control centers and vehicle operators in the field, for
timely and correct fleet management (through data
delivery to the planning and monitoring systems of the
firm).
• Systems for integrated management and control of
Terminal operations (e.g. port container Terminals,
Freight Centers, etc).
KEY DEVELOPMENTS TODATE (6/6)
Thessaloniki Container Terminal Thessaloniki Container Terminal PanoramaPanorama
Entry/Exit ControlEntry/Exit Control
Yard PlanningYard PlanningLoading/Unloading ControlLoading/Unloading Control
Resource ManagementResource Management
e-Documents Handlinge-Documents Handling
The integrated The integrated FRETISFRETIS Terminal Terminal management system operating in management system operating in Thessaloniki portThessaloniki port
Entry/ExitControl Systems
GeographicalInformation
System
Central Management System:• Central Data Base• Interfaces for the real time
communication with the control points
Yard ManagementSystem Loading/Unloading
Control Systems
• Formal Documents Submission System• Information Dissemination System• Promotion System
Yard PlanningSystem
Yard InventorySystem
AdministrativeSupport System
CentralCentralDataBaseDataBase
EKLU2362147EKLU2362148
Invoicing Invoicing
BenefitsBenefits from ICT Applications in freight Transport operations• Traditionally monetary benefits vary by type of
application, size of fleet / freight carried, overall
environment (critical mass of other applications).
• For fleet management applications overall benefits
can vary from 5 – 20% of cost reduction for the
daily operation of the fleet (per vehicle).
• For Terminal management systems the total benefit
may result from various sources but reduction in
delays per operation (e.g. entry / exit control) can
vary from 2% to 50% of the time required.
Steps in implementing Steps in implementing ICT Applications in freight Transport1. An interested party will have to approach a
specialized service provider in IT and / or logistics
for advise and an initial feasibility study which will
calculate the expected costs and benefits of the
application for the specific application.
2. Based on this study the interested user will decide
on the scope and extend of the investment
necessary.
3. Traditionally monetary benefits may take from 3 to
10 years to accrue (i.e. after the amortization of the
investment).
Vision of an ITS system materializing : Integration, Intermodal context, Internet based, and Intelligence.
The future Freight Intelligent Transport System (Freight ITS) will incorporate Globally integrated ICT applications facilitating freight movement and data transfer.
Main challenge: increase the intelligence of freight transport operations and make it available to all players irrespective of their size.
The FUTURE …
A. The European Union Action Plan on freight / logistics; Several initiatives in the field of maritime
transport, (MoS, European ports policy, Marco Polo);
Freight-oriented rail network; Freight research agenda.
B. The National GovernmentsC. Other Organizations (UNECE, ITF, EIA, etc)D. Major Market players and the logistics
industry
Stakeholders and policy makers inStakeholders and policy makers inEuropean Freight ITSEuropean Freight ITS
More than 30 actions to be implemented over the More than 30 actions to be implemented over the coming years coming years boosting efficiency and sustainability
• Innovation, Encourage the use of ICT in freight. It outlines the vision of paperless information flows accompanying the physical shipment of goods. Also make traffic management more efficient by promoting ITS
• simplification, Paperless transfer of information on the transport of goods - create a single transport document to replace the many mode-based versions etc.
• quality, Tackle the more than 500 reported bottlenecks, which create unnecessary obstacles to the efficient flow of goods, from lack of parking spaces for trucks, to red tape.
• green corridors. Improve urban environments and create environmentally sensitive solutions along major European transport corridors.
• Updating the regulatory framework. developing standards for loading units suitable for all modes of transport. Also review the current limitations of road vehicle weights and dimensions.
The EU Freight Transport Agenda (1/5);Action Plan for Freight Transport Logistics (18 October 2007 )
The EU Freight Transport Agenda (2/5) ITS in the EU’s Transport Policy“Information systems are essential in overseeing complex transport chains involving several actors, as well as in informing transport users of available and alternative options and of possible disruptions.
Transport documents and tickets should be made electronic and multimodal, while preserving privacy of personal data. Questions of liability, dispute settlement and complaints handling across the whole transport chain should be clarified and streamlined. ICT solutions should be developed as a support for better management and integration of transport flows.”
• Objective: Shift international increase off road (12 bill. tkm/year)
• Duration: 2003 - 2010• Budget: 100 Mio€ for 2003 – 2006 (Double currently) after
Mid-term review in 2006 • Modal shift actions, Catalyst actions, Common learning
actions• Scope
▫ All segments of the international freight market▫ Services only, i.e. no RTD, no studies, no (core)
infrastructure
Marco Polo is still relatively small in spite its recent increase
The EU Freight Transport Agenda (3/5) The Marco Polo programme
Aim to :▫ improve existing or establish new viable, regular and
frequent maritime links▫ make transnational maritime links as important as
motorways and railways in the trans-European network▫ improve links with countries isolated by natural barriers▫ improve links with islands and peripheral countries ▫ Secure key infrastructure at ports ▫ Complete the Trans-European networks.
In essence the MoS is a new logistics concept aiming at the high quality integration of door-to-door supply chains, with the maritime transport mode as the workhorse – therefore a prime promoter of intermodality !
The EU Freight Transport Agenda(4/5) Motorways of the Sea
European axes of
MoS
The EU Freight Transport Agenda(5/5)
The EU e-Maritime initiative• The EU e-Maritime initiative is intended to be a broad and all-encompassing initiative going beyond pure maritime transport services; addressing additional supports to customs, border, environmental, fishing control services and demands emphasizing the importance of the whole and the interdependence of the parts in any area of operations that is applied .
• The EU e-Maritime takes fully into account the international nature of shipping and the recommendations of the international organisations concerned with maritime safety and security (idem e-Navigation)
The EU e-Maritime components
1. The e-Maritime Strategic Framework
• Will specify a coherent view of the way Maritime Transport could operate at a future date (say 2020)
• Reflects the framework directive on the key stakeholder requirements, basic principles to ensure interoperability (standards), policies, legal, technology, human factors, ongoing developments.
• To be completed by 2012
2. The e-Maritime Support Platform
• Enabling technologies: communication, navigation and surveillance networks
• EU value adding networks: SSN, databases, e-Customs, e-Freight
• Standards, ICT and software engineering tools for interoperability and integration of data and services
• facilitating the development and deployment of e-Maritime applications
• To be completed by 2015
3. The e-Maritime reference Applications
• Demonstrating the potential benefits of e-Maritime in real life situations involving administrations and business across Europe
• Grouped in main categories of operations where benefits can be easily appreciated. Administration Domain Applications; Improved Shipping Operations; Improved Port Operations; Integration into Logistic chains; Promote seafaring profession and sea-shipping
• to be in operation by 2018
The EU e-Maritime will be implemented through:
• A framework Directive that embodies legal, organisational, and technical frameworks (including Human Factors, Change Management, Standards) that defines: The scope, context, definitions and the minimum
requirements The general rules seeking the active encouragement of best
ICT practices throughout the industry. The key application domains where competitiveness and
performance can be strengthened and enhanced The objectives, structure and mandate for policy/technical
bodies that would facilitate or undertake the development solutions and the regulatory framework to support them (through subsequent Directives).
• Subsequent Directives or soft and voluntary measures will address and link specific objectives, e.g. e-learning and improved working conditions with information management.
Related Developments
Community Vessel Traffic Monitoring and Information System Directive (2009/17/EC, amending 2002/59/EC)
Other directives on:
e-Navigation
e-Customs
e-Freight
Integrated Maritime Surveillance System - EUROSUR
A new priority: Decarbonisation Framework for Logistics
Weight of goods produced / consumed
Weight of goods transported by road
Road tonnes-lifted
Road tonne-kms
Total vehicle-kms
carbon intensity of energy
energy consumption
CO2
modal split
average handling factornumber of links
average length of haullength of links
average load on laden trips
average % empty running
Vehicle operation / fleet management
energy efficiency
Similar analyses for other modes
timing of deliveries
aggregate key parameter - lever
supply chain structure
asset utilisation
energy efficiency
carbon content of energy
modal splitmodal split
warehousing / materials handling
space / equipment use
Carbon Dioxide emissions from transport are unsustainable
“Transport accounted for close to a quarter (23.8 %) of total GHG emissions and slightly more than a quarter (27.9 %) of total CO2 emissions in the EU-27 in 2006.”
“Compared with 1990 levels, in no other sector has the growth rate of GHG emissions been as high as in transport.”
The example of the Decarbonisation Scenario for UK Road Freight in 2050
Total tonne-kms stable at 2007 level
Road share of freight tonne-kms reduced from 64% to 50%
% of truck kilometres run empty reduced from 27% to 17%
Average weight-based load factor up from 59% to 70%
40% improvement in energy efficiency
30% reduction in the carbon content of the energy
76% reduction in CO2 emissions
Combination of radical changes in key parameters required
Ignores complex inter-relationship between freight transport and other activities
McKinnon and Piecyk, 2009
March 2010
References
• Maritime Transport Policy: http://ec.europa.eu/transport/index_en.html
• Logistics: http://ec.europa.eu/transport/logistics/ • http://ec.europa.eu/transport/logistics/index_en.htm
• Customs: http://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/taxation/index_en.htm
• Integrated Maritime Policy: http://ec.europa.eu/maritimeaffairs/
• SafeSeaNet: http://www.emsa.eu.int/
• MarNIS (Maritime Navigation and Information Services): www.marnis.org
• FREIGHTWISE: http://www.freightwise.info/cms
• SKEMA: http://www.skematransport.eu/
References• Logistics: http://ec.europa.eu/transport/logistics/• FREIGHTWISE: http://www.freightwise.info/cms
• Maritime Transport Policy: http://ec.europa.eu/transport/index_en.html
• Customs: http://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/taxation/index_en.htm
http://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/customs/policy_issues/electronic_customs_initiative/index_en.htm
• Integrated Maritime Policy: http://ec.europa.eu/maritimeaffairs/
• SafeSeaNet: http://www.emsa.eu.int/
• MarNIS (Maritime Navigation and Information Services): www.marnis.org
• SKEMA: http://www.skematransport.eu/