an overview of emerging trends in construction technologies

An Overview of Emerging Trends in construction

Industry

Ajit Sabnis [email protected]

1

The Initial Force

CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

MACRO ENTITY

CONCRETE

TECHNOLOGY

BUILDING MATERIALS

FORMWORK

CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY

EMERGING

TRENDS

REHABILITATION

ENGINEERING

2

MASONRY

PROJECT

MANAGEMENT

EMERGING TRENDS IN CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY

1.High Strength / High performance Concrete ( HSC/ HPC)

2.Self Compacting Concrete (SCC)

3.Fiber Reinforced concrete (FRC)

4.Polymer Modified Concrete (PMC)

5.High Volume Flyash Concrete (HVFC)

6.Reactive Powder Concrete (RPC)

7.Self Healing Concrete / Bacterial Concrete

8.Cement

9.Admixtures 3

HIGH STRENGTH / HIGH PERFORMANCE CONCRETE

HSC- is primarily used in critical

components.

For structures exposed to aggressive

environmental conditions, HPC

ensuring long term Durability in terms

of resistance to weathering action,

chemical attack, abrasion etc is

important.

High fluidity without segregation, Low

coefficient of Permeability, High

Dimensional Stability are some of the

important characteristics of HSC and

HPC.

Cutting section of real

size RC column using

150 MPa concrete. Steel

fiber was added in the

150 MPa concrete to

prevent early spalling of

the cover concrete.

EMERGING TRENDS IN

CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY

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EMERGING TRENDS IN

CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE (SCC)

“ A concrete that is capable of self compacting, occupies all the space

in the form without any external means like mechanical vibrations etc”

The guiding principle behind SCC is that the sedimentation velocity of

a particle is inversely proportional to the viscosity of the floating

medium in which the particle exists.

The Viscosity is greatly influenced by the powder content in the

medium. It is common practice to use substantial amount of mineral

admixture such as Flyash, GGBS to avoid thermal cracking.

The use of Self-Compacting Concrete

(SCC) in the precast industry is gaining

an increasing amount of attention due

to the many benefits that may be gained

from its properties.

5

FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE (FRC)

FRC- Fiber reinforced concrete is a type of concrete that includes

fibrous substance that increases its structural strength, durability and

ductility. FRC has minute distinct fibers that are homogeneously

dispersed in the concrete matrix and randomly oriented to give it a kind

of three dimensional stability. The improvement in concrete properties

by including these fibers depend on fiber content, shape of fiber,

aspect ratio of Fiber etc.

Depending on the type of fibers used, FRC is generally categorized as ;

Steel fiber Reinforced Concrete ( SFRC) - Synthetic Fiber Reinforced

Concrete ( SNRC) - Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete ( GFRC)

Flexural deformation ability of ductile

fiber reinforced cementitious

composite

EMERGING TRENDS IN

CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY

6

POLYMER MODIFIED CONCRETE (PMC)

In certain cases we use concrete

formulations using organic polymers or

resins to tackle the limitations offered by

the ordinary concrete.

PMC is a composite in which 10 to 15% by

weight of cement binder is replaced by a

synthetic organic binder or a polymer latex.

EMERGING TRENDS IN

CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY

AT LEFT, AN UNMODIFIED PATCH IS

EASILY DISLODGED DUE TO A LACK

OF HYDRATION DURING CURING AND

LACK OF ADHESION. AT RIGHT, A

MODIFIED PATCH AT 10% POLYMER

(PERCENT POLYMER BY WEIGHT TO

CEMENT) WOULD NOT BUDGE.

POLYMER MODIFIED

CEMENT WATER

PROOFING 7

HIGH VOLUME FLYASH CONCRETE (HVFA)

HVFA has very low water content and at least 50% of the Portland cement

mass is replaced by class C or Class F – Flyash. Sometimes due to low

WC ratio, use of Super-plasticisers are required to improve workability

criteria while placing the concrete.

HVFA has excellent workability , low heat of hydration, durability

properties.

Another important aspect of HVFA is its low electrical conductivity and

the consequent ability to resist corrosion.

EMERGING TRENDS IN

CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY

Fly ash concrete is used in

severe exposure

applications

such as the decks and

piers of a bridge.

Ex:Tampa Bay's Sunshine

Skyway Bridge.

8

REACTIVE POWDER CONCRETE (RPC)

RPC- Reactive Powder Concrete is an ultra High strength and

high ductility composite material. It is a special concrete with its

micro structure optimized by precise gradation of all particles in

the mix to yield maximum density.

EMERGING TRENDS IN

CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY

RPC beams are similar in size to

steel beams.

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CEMENT EMERGING TRENDS IN

CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY

NANO CEMENT

Nano Cements are being developed as cements

containing well dispersed nano particles of

cement and mineral admixtures. These nano

particles would be evenly distributed among the

larger particles of mineral admixtures and with

such fine dispersion, even a lower content of

cement should be able to provide us the desired

binding of aggregates and admixture particles.

ENGINEERED CEMENT

Engineered Cement can be equated to Engineering the performance of

cement by tailoring the chemical composition and by controlling the

particle size distribution.

Further by the incorporation of mineral admixtures such as Fly ash or

GGBS in binary blends with OPC offer significant improvements in

durability properties. Ternary blends with Silica fume alter the

microstructure and density and strengthen the weak aggregate-mortar

interface zone. 10

With the explosive growth in high-rise residential construction, the

Load-Bearing Wall (LBW) system is gaining recognition. The walls and

slab are poured simultaneously when using the innovative tunnel form

construction method. Since the forms are stripped in 24 hours, the

daily cycle meets the demand of fast-track construction for repetitive

cell layouts, synonymous with many hotel and condominium projects.

EMERGING TRENDS IN FORMWORK (1)

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Extruded aluminum forms

Plastic Forms

Fiber forms

Fabric forms

Form liners

Com Shells

Inflated Forms

Or In combination of above

Note : Form-liners are normally made of Rubber / silicone /

Thermoplastic or Polystyrene to impart intricate designs

surface finishes.

NEW FORM

MATERIALS (2)

EMERGING TRENDS IN

FORMWORK

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FLY FORMS

GANG FORMS

SLIP FORMS

SUSPENDED SLAB FORMS

BEAM FORMS

JUMP FORMS

SINGLE-SIDED FORMS

CANTILEVER FORMS

ARCH FORMS

WALL AND COLUMN FORMS

TUNNEL FORMS

BRIDGE DECK FORMS

SHAFT-LINING FORMS

NEW FORM

TYPES (3)

EMERGING TRENDS IN

FORMWORK

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TYPICAL FINISH

WITH FORM LINER

TYPICAL CIRCULAR

COLUMN FORM

TYPICAL WALL

FORM

EMERGING TRENDS IN

FORMWORK

TYPICAL FORM SAMPLES (4)

Some times Form liners are

also referred as Stay-in-Place

Formwork. 14

EMERGING TRENDS IN

FORMWORK


TYPICAL ALUMINUM

SLAB FORM

WITH ADJUSTABLE

PROPS

TYPICAL ALUMINUM TABLE FORM

WITH ADJUSTABLE PROPS

15

EMERGING TRENDS IN

FORMWORK


TYPICAL ADJUSTABLE

TUNNEL FORMS

TYPICAL ADJUSTABLE

CURVED TUNNEL FORMS

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EMERGING TRENDS IN

FORMWORK

THE

ALUMINUM

WALL

FORMS.

The benefits of using aluminum forms are superior to the old

method of plywood forming for formed cast-in-place concrete.

Apart from the dimensional stability of the forms, the overall

quality of the pour seems much better with tighter tolerances.


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INSULATING CONCRETE FORMS

Homes built using an Insulating

Concrete Form (ICF) system literally

have the insulation built into the

walls as part of the structure. This

system creates walls that have a

high thermal resistance, with R-

values typically above R-17. Even

though ICF homes are constructed

using concrete, they look just like

traditional stick-built homes.

OTHER FORM SAMPLES (7) EMERGING TRENDS IN

FORMWORK

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SLIP FORM SAMPLES (8) EMERGING TRENDS IN

FORMWORK

SLIP FORM – PLACER BOOM

MOUNTED ON TOP

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EMERGING TRENDS IN

FORMWORK

TYPICAL

INFLATED FORM

TYPICAL FABRIC

FORM

COMSHELL FORM

OTHER FORM SAMPLES (9)

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EMERGING TRENDS IN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY

1.Pre Engineered Buildings

2.Pre-Cast Buildings

3.Construction Equipment

4.Fast Track Construction

5.Tilt-up Construction

6.Ground Freezing

7.High Rise Buildings

8.Soundless demolition Systems

21

SCC and computerized precision color

control are revolutionizing the Precast

Industry.

Ultralite panels are being manufactured with Carbon Cast, a grid of

carbon fiber reinforcing. The resulting weight reduction generates

savings in transportation, erection, and substructure costs.

The new POST- Prestressed Open Space Truss provides a solution

for long-spans, while maintaining the shallow floor depth of a flat

plate system. This system works well for parking spaces in the lower

levels.

Hybrid construction marries the benefits of PC and CIP (Cast in Place)

for a desired result, such as seismic performance, cost savings or

schedule implications.

PRECAST CONSTRUCTION EMERGING TRENDS IN


22

PRECAST CONSTRUCTION

EASI PANELS PVT LTD- MYSORE

EMERGING TRENDS IN


PRECAST HOLLOW CAVITY RETAINING WALL

HOLLOW CAVITY WALL - EXTERNAL GRADE OF WALLING PANEL (NON LOAD BEARING).

PRECAST WALL 100 MM THICK. INSTALLED AT ONE OF

THE FACTORY IN MYSORE.

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TILT-UP CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY

The Tilt Up industry is reaching new heights with the record lift

nearing 100 feet. Production is streamlined with embedded facers

cast integrally with wall panel to greatly reduce labor

requirements with conventional brick and mortar veneer.

EMERGING TRENDS IN


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ERECTION OF STRUCTURAL STEEL X COLUMNS

AT JNS DELHI- COMMON WEALTH GAMES-2010

EMERGING TRENDS

IN CONSTRUCTION

TECHNOLOGY

Floodlights & PA

System

Membran

e Roof

New Ramp

System

Primary Roof

Structure

Existing stadia

bowl

•Largest roof over seating area in India and among the top 5 largest in the world. •70 m cantilever; 40 m height from the ground.

•First Cable Fabric Roof in India •10,000 MT of Structural Steel. •500 MT of cable structure holding the fabric – Imported from Germany.

• 55,000 Sqm Special Glass Fabric (PTFE) Roof – Imported from USA.

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EMERGING TRENDS

IN CONSTRUCTION

TECHNOLOGY

The entire construction process of the

stadium was a state of art construction. Be

it erection of V & X- shape structural

columns OR………

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EMERGING TRENDS

IN CONSTRUCTION

TECHNOLOGY

…..Cable Net Stressing or be it

the erection of Geo fabric

Membrane with Roof Manholes

and Maintenance Catwalks.

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EMERGING TRENDS

IN CONSTRUCTION

TECHNOLOGY

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EMERGING TRENDS IN


The "Super Flex Wall" is a structural

frame method newly developed by the

Takenaka Corporation, used in

combination with a core wall (the

earthquake-resistant reinforced

concrete wall penetrating through the

center of the building from the lower

part to the top floor) and a structural

control method or with a base-isolation

method. Part of the structure is

cantilevered from the central core along

the periphery of the building.

HIGH RISE BUILDINGS

EMERGING TRENDS IN

CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY GROUND FREEZING TECHNOLOGY

Ground freezing technology makes use of the

properties of artificially frozen ground. To

achieve this, freeze pipes are bored or driven

into the ground in specified intervals. A

refrigerant is passed through the freeze pipes

absorbing the heat of the surrounding ground

as it circulates.

Ground freezing technology can be applied in

the following areas:

■ Tunnel construction

■ Deep Excavations in loose soil.

■ Extraction of undisturbed soil samples

■ Forcing through railway underpasses

■ Soil remediation

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EMERGING TRENDS IN

CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY SOUNDLESS DEMOLITION SYSTEMS

The traditional approach to demolishing

concrete structures or reducing the size

of large rocks or boulders has typically

included the use of explosives. The

resulting explosions are associated

with the obvious risks posed by shock

waves and fly rock. These problems,

along with other detrimental side effects

of using explosives, have increased an

interest in the use of alternative

methods to demolish rock and concrete

structures. 31

EMERGING TRENDS IN


The emergence of electronics in

construction machines presents

the opportunity to re-engineer and

simplify the operator interface of

the machine. By using electronic

and electro-hydraulic control

systems, intelligent machine

functionality will dramatically

improve operator ease of use. This

change in turn will enhance

machine productivity and the

comfort and safety of the operator.

EQUIPMENT

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REINFORCEMENT

Fabrication and corrosion are the crux of most Rebar issues.

“Reinforcement Carpet” gives a unique solution to reduce shipping and

erection costs. With little waste, this innovative tool may greatly change

the speed and precision of concrete mat construction. Galvanized and

stainless clad rebar offer less expensive, but corrosion-resistant

alternatives to stainless steel rebar. The latest technology of MMFX

micro-composite steel gives a high-strength, corrosion-resistant product

with a cost-effective price.

EMERGING TRENDS IN


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EMERGING TRENDS IN BUILDING MATERIALS

• BENDABLE CONCRETE

• SELF HEALING CONCRETE

• TRANSLUCENT CONCRETE

• ELECTRIFIED WOOD

• BIO ENGINEERED BRICKS

• SENSITILES

• ELECTROCHROMIC GLASS

• LIQUID GRANITE

• CARBON FIBERS

• BIOMIMICRY SURFACES

• COMPOSITES

• ECO BRICKS

• BASALT RODS

• CONCRETE LUMBERS

• INTELLIGENT FIXTURES

• FACADES AND PANELS.

34

EMERGING TRENDS

IN BUILDING

MATERIALS LIQUID GRANITE

BENDABLE CONCRETE

TRANSLUCENT CONCRETE SENSITILES

35

EMERGING TRENDS

IN BUILDING

MATERIALS

ELECTRIFIED WOOD

FLYASH UNFIRED -ECO BRICKS

BARK SIDINGS AND SHINGLES

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EMERGING TRENDS

IN BUILDING

MATERIALS BIO ENGINEERED BRICKS

Flip A Switch And An

ELECTROCHROMIC Window

Can Change From Clear To Fully

Darkened Or Any Level Of Tint

In-between.

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SAND AND

BACTERIA FOR

HARDENING

EMERGING TRENDS REHABILITATION

ENGINEERING

RCC STRUCTURES DETERIORATE SLOWLY DUE TO:

• CYCLIC TEMPERATURE,

• VARIATIONS IN LOADING PATTERNS,

• PHYSICAL CAUSES AND

• CHEMICAL ATTACK DUE TO ENVIRONMENT, ETC.

IF NOT PAID PROPER TIMELY ATTENTION, THESE DETERIORATE

RAPIDLY AND FAIL TO MEET THE FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENT FOR

ITS DESIGNED SERVICE LIFE.

VARIOUS CAUSES OF DETERIORATION LIKE ORIGINAL

CONSTRUCTION DEFECTS, CHLORIDE INDUCED CORROSION,

CARBONATION OF CONCRETE, SULPHATE ATTACK, CRACKING DUE

TO THERMAL GRADIENT, PLASTIC SHRINKAGE CRACKS AND

FOUNDATION SETTLEMENT ETC., ARE TO BE LOOKED INTO, BEFORE

ADOPTING ANY STRATEGY.

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EMERGING TRENDS

REHABILITATION

ENGINEERING

EMERGING TRENDS IN REHABILITATION

ENGINEERING ENCOMPASS ALL THE FOLLOWING

SPHERES.

•DIAGNOSTIC DEVICES FOR DISTRESS

ASSESSMENT.

•MATERIALS FOR RETROFITTING &

REHABILITATION.

• IMPLEMENTATION TECHNIQUES

•ASSESSMENT OF PERFORMANCE OF THE

MEASURES.

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EMERGING TRENDS

REHABILITATION

ENGINEERING

IN THE DOMAIN OF DIAGNOSTIC REPAIRS

A Ground

Probing Radar

Device

Thermography

Camera

Profometer

Device for

Rebars

40

EMERGING TRENDS

REHABILITATION

ENGINEERING

IN THE DOMAIN OF TECHNIQUES

TYPICAL WRAPPING

PROCESS Bonded Pre-stressed

Laminates

41

EMERGING TRENDS

REHABILITATION

ENGINEERING

WITH THE ADVENT OF NEWER

RETROFITTING MATERIALS AND

TECHNIQUES; AND WITH THE

BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF THE

BASICS OF RETROFITTING /

REHABILITATION ENGINEERING,

WE CAN NOW FORESEE STILL

BRIGHTER DAYS IN THIS FIELD.

-Dr. CSV

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EMERGING TRENDS IN MASONRY

The Mortarless Concrete Block Building

System comprises of blocks with six

different internal configuration that form

three separate air cores when stacked in

a single thickness.

Blocks are stacked without mortar, and

the center core of the stacked blocks is

filled with grout to form a solid concrete

core that separates the other two air

cores. This grout flows around and

through each block, bonding it to the

surrounding block and forming a grid of

columns and beams that tie all of the

blocks and walls together without mortar

joints.

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EMERGING TRENDS

IN MASONRY AUTOCLAVED AERATED CONCRETE BLOCKS

AAC is well known as an environmentally

friendly construction material. In the

manufacturing process, no pollutants or

toxic by-products are produced. AAC is

also completely recyclable. Large,

precisely dimensioned elements of AAC

allow rapid construction. Their greater

dimensional accuracy requires less on-site

adjustment. The combination of large size

and dimensional accuracy allows greatly

increased productivity. Due to the light

weight of AAC, reduced equipment

demands are realized.

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Ready Mix Cement Plasters render high quality finish. It can be used

efficiently on brick, block, stone walls as well as concrete surfaces .

Benefits:

•Smooth plaster and Less curing (pre-wetting compulsory)

•Time saving and least rebound

•Light colored plaster walls with uniform quality

•Ensures Quality Plaster.

EMERGING TRENDS

IN MASONRY

SPRAY PLASTER

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WTP 5 MLD

STP 15 MLD

Elevators 63 Nos

Escalators 31 Nos

Travellators 5.20 Km

Conveyors for baggage 6.4 Km

X-Ray machines 41 Nos.

Boarding bridges 78 nos.

Flight information Displays 729 nos.

Number of Documents 735900 nos

Mails Exchanged 2485600 Nos

PTB- Building Envelope 200000 sqm

PTB-Toilet Blocks 145 Nos.

PTB- Baggage Handling per

Hour

12800 bags

PTB-Passenger boarding

bridges

78 Nos

Apron- India’s longest 640000 Sqm

EMERGING TRENDS IN PROJECT MANAGEMENT

EPC (Engineering, Procurement and

Construction) concept involves multiple

project participants performing the entire

design and construction process including

procurement of a variety of critical

components and interaction with clients and

many other stakeholders simultaneously.

The PSRM (Project Scheduling, reporting &

Monitoring) system adopted by L&T was

extensive. All activities at both macro and

micro level were designated with appropriate

weightages, S-Curves drawn for easy

monitoring.

DELHI INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT

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EMERGING TRENDS IN

PROJECT MANAGEMENT

BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING

A BIM (Building Information Modeling) is the creation of parametric, or

intelligent, 3D models instead of 2D perspective „un-intelligent‟ drawings. A BIM

operates on a digital database and any change made to this database is

reflected throughout the entire drawing. This allows everyone involved in the

building lifecycle – architects, engineers, contractors, developers, and building

owners - to sync together allowing them to view the model in different ways and

seamlessly share information.

In conclusion,

future civil engineers cannot bind themselves just to the knowledge they have accumulated within four walls of a class room. They need to keep learning the Emerging Technologies and

apply it on field.

This presentation is an humble effort to make you stand face to face with the marvels of

Emerging Construction Technologies.

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THANK YOU ALL

an overview of emerging trends in construction technologies

Education