when politics meets maps there is no right

Whenpoli*csmeetsmaps

thereisnoright

Theevolu*onofAgnos*cCartography

h9p://bigthink.com/ideas/21192

Plagiarismalert

YoushouldreadGoogle’sWorld:TheImpactof“Agnos*cCartographers”ontheState-DominatedInterna*onalLegalSystembyEthanMerel

h9ps://www.flickr.com/photos/lsuchick142/7174038140

Hasthetransi*onfrompapertodigitalmapschangedthewaythat

cartographersrepresentpoli*calboundarydisputes?

Poli*csandCartography

h9ps://www.flickr.com/photos/glynlowe/6486627249

"Putsimply,mapswhichdepictlegalbordersareneverobjec*ve,atleastnotintheindependentlyverifiable,scien*ficuseoftheword."(Merel)

Poli*calGeographyisasser*onnotphysical

observa*onBordersaremanmade,notengravedonthegroundin

perpetuityBorderschange

h9ps://www.flickr.com/photos/thegforcers/8396110846

Bordersonpapermaps

h9ps://www.flickr.com/photos/apelad/13302823524

Looknoborders1535

S*llnoborders-1569

Earlyborders1807

Anearlyborderdispute

h9ps://www.flickr.com/photos/mypubliclands/9406947868

MontBlanc1832

MontBlanc(French)1865

MontBlanc(Italy)1869 18321865

1869

PersianorArabianGulf?

h9ps://www.flickr.com/photos/nasa2explore/9449642223

PersianGulf43

PersianGulf1548

ArabianSeaca1600

ArabianSeaca1700

PersianGulf1740

ArabianGulfca1948-67

Alterna*vereali*escanco-existonpaper

TheInterna*onalMapoftheWorld

DigitalChartoftheWorld

h9ps://www.flickr.com/photos/stepaganini2/5621450410

TheFirstGoogleMapsWar

h9ps://www.flickr.com/photos/apelad/3869243973

Agnos*cCartography

h9ps://www.flickr.com/photos/jhritz/409083204

Google’sdisputeresolu*onmethodology

Theviewofgeographicallyrelevantstates

Theviewofinterna*onallyauthorita*vebodies

PrimaryLocalUsage

h9ps://www.flickr.com/photos/miikas/140407410

Mul*pleversionsofthedigitaltruth h9

ps://www.flickr.com

/photos/peaceful-jp-scenery/15495578494

28

Incorrectmapsareworsethandrugsor

counterfeitcurrency

KashmirviewedfromIndia

KashmirviewedfromoutsideofIndia

ArunachalPradeshviewedfromIndia

ArunachalPradeshviewedfromoutsideIndia

Crimea

h9ps://www.flickr.com/photos/grob7906/16248155805

CrimeafromRussia

CrimeaforUkraine

Guyana:SpanishorEnglish?

Guyana-OSM&Google

MainRoad

EssequiboCoastPublicRoad

OSMDisputeMethodology

Onthegroundrule

Directobserva*onsof:Signage

Whatpeoplecallplaces

Notonthebasisofgovernmentdeclara*ons

h9ps://www.flickr.com/photos/anantns/6765139575

Jerusalem

OSMJerusalemNameDispute

Editwarchangingthe“name”tag

DWGdecidedthenodewouldnothaveanametagun*lallpar*escouldagree

Specialistmapscanrenderoneofthelanguagetags

Requesttonotre-addanametagorcreateanewcitynodeun*lthereisagreement

h9ps://www.flickr.com/photos/almos*nfamous/2734993657/

Whathaschanged?

h9ps://www.flickr.com/photos/familymwr/4928087969

Statess*llseektoimposetheir‘truth’onmapmakers

ButnewAgnos*cCartographersmake

alterna*veviewsavailabletoaglobalaudience

h9ps://www.flickr.com/photos/funcrush/7991844351

Agnos*cCartographersendeavourtoapplyprocesstotheresolu*onofborder

andnamingdisputes

h9ps://www.flickr.com/photos/mibby23/11971530395

Changingpoli*calreali*esarerepresentedinonlinemapsalmostinstantly

h9ps://www.flickr.com/photos/d6478coke/3874771678

200disputestoresolvetoday.Wearegoingtobe

talkingaboutthisforawhile!

h9ps://www.flickr.com/photos/isfullofcrap/25611687444

That’sit!www.knowhwere.co.uk

Slidesatbit.ly/PolMapDeck

Notesatbit.ly/PolMapNotes