what is anatomy and physiology?. anatomy describes the structures of the body: what they are made of...

What is anatomy and physiology?

Anatomy

Describes the structures of the body:what they are made of (histology)

where they are located

associated structures

Think Form and Function

Physiology

Is the study of:functions of anatomical structures

individual and cooperative functions

The how and why

How are living things organized?

From Simple to Complex (1 of 3)

Atoms:are the smallest chemical units – periodic table

Molecules:are a group of atoms working together-h20

Organelles: are a group of molecules working together-components of a cell

From Simple to Complex (2 of 3)

Cells:are a group of organelles working together

Tissues: are a group of similar cells working together

Organs: are a group of different tissues working together

From Simple to Complex (3 of 2)

Organ systems: are a group of organs working together

Organism: is an individual

Levels of Organization

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KEY CONCEPT

Homeostasis: All body systems working together to maintain a stable internal environment Systems respond to external and internal changes to function within a normal range (body temperature, fluid balance)

KEY CONCEPT

Failure to function within a normal range results in disease

Dis-ease

Mechanisms of Regulation

Autoregulation (intrinsic):automatic response in a cell, tissue, or organ

Extrinsic regulation: responses controlled by nervous and endocrine systems

Maintaining Normal Limits

Figure 1–3

Maintaining Normal Limits

Receptor: receives the stimulus

Control center: processes the signal and sends instructions

Effector: carries out instructions

Figure 1–4

Negative Feedback

The response of the effector negates the stimulus

Positive Feedback

The response of the effector reinforces the stimulus

Figure 1–5

What are the anatomical terms used to describe body sections, regions, and relative positions?

Anatomical Landmarks

Figure 1–6

Anatomical Landmarks

Superficial characteristics: surface parts:

names

adjectives

KEY CONCEPT

Anatomical position: hands at sides, palms forward

Supine: lying down, face up

Prone: lying down, face down

Figure 1–7a

Quadrants and Regions (1 of 3)

4 abdominopelvic quadrants around umbilicus

Figure 1–7b

Quadrants and Regions (2 of 3)

9 abdominopelvic regions

Figure 1–7c

Quadrants and Regions (3 of 3)

Internal organs associated with abdominopelvic regions

Which Direction?

Figure 1–8

3 Dimensions

Figure 1–9

The Ventral Body Cavity

Coelom: divided by the diaphragm into the thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity

Figure 1–10a

Figure 1–10b

Isolating the Organs

Serous membranes: consist of parietal layer and visceral layer

Figure 1–10c

Dividing the Cavities

Thoracic cavity:divided by the mediastinum into 2 pleural cavities

SUMMARY

Structure and function in anatomy and physiologyVocabulary and anatomical termsLevels of physical organizationHomeostasis and feedbackSystems integration and equilibriumDividing and describing the bodyLocations and functions of major organ systems