what is anatomy and physiology?. anatomy describes the structures of the body: what they are made of...
TRANSCRIPT
What is anatomy and physiology?
Anatomy
Describes the structures of the body:what they are made of (histology)
where they are located
associated structures
Think Form and Function
Physiology
Is the study of:functions of anatomical structures
individual and cooperative functions
The how and why
How are living things organized?
From Simple to Complex (1 of 3)
Atoms:are the smallest chemical units – periodic table
Molecules:are a group of atoms working together-h20
Organelles: are a group of molecules working together-components of a cell
From Simple to Complex (2 of 3)
Cells:are a group of organelles working together
Tissues: are a group of similar cells working together
Organs: are a group of different tissues working together
From Simple to Complex (3 of 2)
Organ systems: are a group of organs working together
Organism: is an individual
Levels of Organization
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KEY CONCEPT
Homeostasis: All body systems working together to maintain a stable internal environment Systems respond to external and internal changes to function within a normal range (body temperature, fluid balance)
KEY CONCEPT
Failure to function within a normal range results in disease
Dis-ease
Mechanisms of Regulation
Autoregulation (intrinsic):automatic response in a cell, tissue, or organ
Extrinsic regulation: responses controlled by nervous and endocrine systems
Maintaining Normal Limits
Figure 1–3
Maintaining Normal Limits
Receptor: receives the stimulus
Control center: processes the signal and sends instructions
Effector: carries out instructions
Figure 1–4
Negative Feedback
The response of the effector negates the stimulus
Positive Feedback
The response of the effector reinforces the stimulus
Figure 1–5
What are the anatomical terms used to describe body sections, regions, and relative positions?
Anatomical Landmarks
Figure 1–6
Anatomical Landmarks
Superficial characteristics: surface parts:
names
adjectives
KEY CONCEPT
Anatomical position: hands at sides, palms forward
Supine: lying down, face up
Prone: lying down, face down
Figure 1–7a
Quadrants and Regions (1 of 3)
4 abdominopelvic quadrants around umbilicus
Figure 1–7b
Quadrants and Regions (2 of 3)
9 abdominopelvic regions
Figure 1–7c
Quadrants and Regions (3 of 3)
Internal organs associated with abdominopelvic regions
Which Direction?
Figure 1–8
3 Dimensions
Figure 1–9
The Ventral Body Cavity
Coelom: divided by the diaphragm into the thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity
Figure 1–10a
Figure 1–10b
Isolating the Organs
Serous membranes: consist of parietal layer and visceral layer
Figure 1–10c
Dividing the Cavities
Thoracic cavity:divided by the mediastinum into 2 pleural cavities
SUMMARY
Structure and function in anatomy and physiologyVocabulary and anatomical termsLevels of physical organizationHomeostasis and feedbackSystems integration and equilibriumDividing and describing the bodyLocations and functions of major organ systems