urban regeneration in greater manchester - professor steve curwell
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Urban Regeneration with a focus on Greater Manchester
Professor Steve Curwell
Urban regeneration
Defined as a:
“comprehensive vision and action which leads to the resolution of urban problems and which seeks to bring about a lasting improvement in the economic, physical, social and environmental conditions of an area that has been subject to change”
(Roberts and Sykes 2000).
Main challenges• Loss of purpose• Physical decay• Complexity of
problems• Multiplicity of
stakeholders• Uncertainty of
future
Who is it for? Regeneration Stakeholders
Source: Places Matter (CABE/ RENEW)
Stakeholder is anybody who affects, or can be affected by regeneration activities.
Towards Sustainable Urban Regeneration
Issues:• Donut of decay and depopulation in most of
the northern UK post-industrial cities• Knowledge Society, Skills gap & Inter-
competitiveness• Sustainable development & sustainable
communities• Hard to reach places and communities.
Issues:
• Donut of decay and depopulation in most of the northern UK post-industrial cities
• Example: New East Manchester
Other examples e.g.: Cottbus and a number of East German cities
Towards Sustainable Urban Regeneration
• New East Manchester Ltd is a partnership initiative between Manchester City Council, English Partnerships, North West Development Agency and the communities of East Manchester
• Encompassing more than 1,900ha extending from the edge of Manchester City Centre to the eastern boundary of the city, East Manchester presents an opportunity for investment and regeneration on a scale unprecedented in an English city
NEW EAST MANCHESTER LTD
• 1,900 hectares east of Manchester City Centre
• Boundaries extended in 2004 to include Gorton in the South and Newton Heath in the North
Manchester City Centre
East Manchester
REGIONAL CONTEXT
• Traditional manufacturing base – 60% employment loss 1975-85
• 13% population loss in 1990s
• Collapse in housing market
• 20% vacant properties, negative equity
• Low skills base, high crime/ poor health/ poor community and retail facilities
• Fragile economic base:
• 52% households receive benefit
• 14.2% unemployment
EAST MANCHESTER CHARACTERISTICS
DRIVERS FOR REGENERATION IN EAST MANCHESTER
• Renaissance of Manchester • Heritage assets • Commonwealth Games 2002 • Government Initiatives
NEW EAST MANCHESTER LTD ROLE
• Develop and implement the Regeneration Framework
• Lead the physical regeneration of east Manchester
• Market and promote the area
• Co-ordinate and integrate social/community and economic programmes and initiatives• New Deal for Communities Single Regeneration Budget
• Education Action Zone Health Action Zone• Surestart Sports Action Zone• Ancoats Urban Village • Housing Market Renewal Fund
• Focus mainstream public funding effectively - £150m per year
• Secure public and private sector resources to deliver the comprehensive
programme
SportcityA derelict contaminated site
SportcityMajor visitor destination
New East Manchester in 2000
New East Manchester in 2008
New East Manchester in 2000
Central ParkPoor business environment
New East Manchester in 2008
Central ParkEconomic Development
New East Manchester in 2000
BeswickHousing market collapse
BeswickHousing Renewal
New East Manchester in 2008
New East Manchester in 2000
Pedestrian Link to Sportcity
Underused and unsafe
New East Manchester in 2008
Sportcity link routeGood pedestrian access
New East Manchester in 2000
Bradford ParkPoor quality open space
Bradford ParkQuality green spaces
New East Manchester in 2008
New East Manchester in 2000
Gorton MonasteryCultural sites at risk
Gorton MonasteryRestored cultural icon
New East Manchester in 2008
New East Manchester in 2000
Ancoats MillsNeglected heritage
New East Manchester in 2008
Ancoats MillsRestored heritage
Issues:
• Networked Knowledge Society
• Research Examples: – Intelligent cities project– SURegen Project
Towards Sustainable Urban Regeneration
“The worldwide computer network - the electronic agora - subverts, displaces, and radically redefines our notions of gathering place, community, and urban life. The Net has a fundamentally different physical structure, and it operates under quite different rules from those that organize the action in the public places of traditional cities.”
William Mitchell, “City of Bits” (1994)
Networked Knowledge Society
IntelCities IST-507860
FP5 INTELCITY THEMATIC NETWORK, 01- 02, Euro 300K
1. 10 partners in 6 EU Countries2. 9 Interactive Workshops + a
major international conference – Siena, March 02
3. Consultation with stakeholders – inc 27 cities, 26 ICT companies 80+ research groups balancing SUD and ICT interests.
4. A roadmap – identifying a range of Scenarios for the Sustainable Information City + main steps for implementation
Sustainable City Visions
Knowledge Society
VisionsIntegrated Information
City VisionVision
Roadmap: www.scpm.salford.ac.uk/intelcity
Strategic Vision
IntelCities IST-507860
Where cities are today
• Importance of e-readiness to competitive advantage• Most cities have large investments in technology to manage and
deliver planning and regeneration services (legacy).• Lack of confidence in existing commercial applications -
examples of market failure in delivery of e-gov. systems • E-planning is as much about using technology to manage back
office processes as it is about public facing services.• Some ‘city planning services’ are between one part of the city
administration to another or to another public body (e.g. central or regional government) - so happen without touching the public interface.
• The common thread is data – most of which is ‘owned’ by the city, or other public bodies that is contributing in some way to the planning service(s) being delivered.
IntelCities IST-507860
e-City Vision for enhanced governance
e-City Platformenables
INTEGRATED INFORMATION PROCESSING
providing BUSINESS
INTELLIGENCE
Citizensfamily, old people, disabled people etc.
Businessescompanies, professionals, transport service, etc.
Governmentpoliticians, public services officers
Non-Governmental OrganisationsFriends of the Earth, Human rights etc.
`
Intelcities has created and integrated a set of innovative, e-government services to improve the management and planning of cities through business intelligence, leading to higher quality, more sustainable urban environments, delivered via an e-city platform
City Planning Services Set
City Management Services Set
Customers
Service data
Real-time data
Stats & trends
Spatial data
24
Issues:
• Regeneration Skills gap
• Examples:– Egan report– SURegen Project
Towards Sustainable Urban Regeneration
Key Objective – “filling” the regeneration skills gap
1. Construct a digital workspace, the RSW; and populate it with good SUR practice.
2. Evaluate and adapt a number of tools and techniques and demonstrate how they can be integrated within the RSW.
3. Investigate how the RSW can:• identify the key decisions and issues in
the regeneration process in advance of implementation;
• support stakeholders to share “what-if” scenarios in co-creation of regeneration plans;
• support communities of practice to develop capacity in integrated SUR.
RENEW NW Development of the EGAN Wheel: Components of Sustainable Communities
The Concept 1
The Regeneration Workbench
Integrated Decision Support System for Sustainable Urban Regeneration – a digital
workbench for regeneration agents and their stakeholders.
The concept 2
The motoring analogy for the functionality of the workbench:
•The windscreen displays the regeneration area;
•The dashboard shows the current status;
•The headlights light up key issues and
•The mirror shows where you have come from.
Dashboard Example 11. Make
your choices, to experiment
with the future
2. Watch the sustainability
summary change
3. Click on indicators for more detail, with
maps & graphs
5. Zoom in, call up
visuals, run animations of
the future
6. Look here for an
online tutorial and to
learn more
4. Call up charts &
analysis of the impacts of your
choices
1. Make your
choices, to experiment
with the future
2. Watch the sustainability
summary change
3. Click on indicators for more detail, with
maps & graphs
5. Zoom in, call up
visuals, run animations of
the future
6. Look here for an
online tutorial and to
learn more
4. Call up charts &
analysis of the impacts of your
choices
N.W. Quest (Manchester University)
VEPs:Linking 3D models and GIS
Dashboard Example 2
Simulate the Regeneration Process?
Vivacity urban design life cycle model
Link Evaluation to Process (Source LUDA project)
Implementation
Visioning
Monitoring
Programming
Diagnosis
Data Futures IA
MCA
Data
CBA and MCA IA
Baseline Prospective Formative Retrospective
Process steps
Types of evaluation
Methods
Integrate Date (Super Output Area Data)
SOA’s enable: Comparison of areas of similar size nationally Identification of pockets of deprivation below
ward level Comparisons over time as boundaries are
durable Handling some of the disclosure and privacy
issues of smaller output areas http://www.statistics.gov.uk/geography/soa.asp
The consortium 2: Industrial and public sector partners
Housing market renewal, products and structures, social enterprise, participation routes, regeneration action plans and delivery, Box4 tool for community housing finance Project management, multidisciplinary design, refurbishment and restoration, planning and engineering consultancy Digital government services, Knowledge Society and regeneration, community IT development; broadband role-out and connectivity, social enterprise for IT business development, training and online services (Eastserve) Large-scale regeneration programme management, neighbourhood renewal, public-private partnerships, regeneration project implementation. East Manchester case study. Regeneration skills and training, CPD in Regeneration, Plan It (learning and training simulation tool), regeneration master classes, information sharing, partnership working, Egan Wheel, sustainable communities. Architecture & Urban Design, green space, mixed-use regeneration, multi-agency partnerships, project delivery, consultancy Social Return on Investment Tool (SROI), sustainable policy briefings, sustainability indicators, partnership working, corporate social responsibility, renewable energy, transport, climate change, waste minimisation and recycling Health and social dimensions of regeneration, provision of health and social care facilities, programme innovation, change management, community development, public-private partnerships A57 Liverpool Road case study, extensive experience of regeneration problems, early/base-line stages of regeneration process, public-private partnerships, property management, design (highway, landscape, architectural), development control House Building, housing refurbishment, sustainable construction, energy efficiency of buildings, corporate responsibility Envisage software development tool to build interoperability of software modules & data and presentation of information
Housing market renewal, products and structures, social enterprise, participation routes, regeneration action plans and delivery, Box4 tool for community housing finance Project management, multidisciplinary design, refurbishment and restoration, planning and engineering consultancy Digital government services, Knowledge Society and regeneration, community IT development; broadband role-out and connectivity, social enterprise for IT business development, training and online services (Eastserve) Large-scale regeneration programme management, neighbourhood renewal, public-private partnerships, regeneration project implementation. East Manchester case study. Regeneration skills and training, CPD in Regeneration, Plan It (learning and training simulation tool), regeneration master classes, information sharing, partnership working, Egan Wheel, sustainable communities. Architecture & Urban Design, green space, mixed-use regeneration, multi-agency partnerships, project delivery, consultancy Social Return on Investment Tool (SROI), sustainable policy briefings, sustainability indicators, partnership working, corporate social responsibility, renewable energy, transport, climate change, waste minimisation and recycling Health and social dimensions of regeneration, provision of health and social care facilities, programme innovation, change management, community development, public-private partnerships A57 Liverpool Road case study, extensive experience of regeneration problems, early/base-line stages of regeneration process, public-private partnerships, property management, design (highway, landscape, architectural), development control House Building, housing refurbishment, sustainable construction, energy efficiency of buildings, corporate responsibility Envisage software development tool to build interoperability of software modules & data and presentation of information
The consortium 1: Academic Partners
Data Modelling and Handling, Ontology Modelling, LUDA Assessment Decision Support, Unified Modelling Language (UML) and PostGIS – Vivacity, Energy Exchange model, ADMS (air pollution models), inclusive design, healthcare infrastructures, change management, Internet and VR based stakeholder engagement (VEPS) GIS-based Statistic (demographic) data repository (Vivacity) Digitally-inclusive Urban Regeneration, Sustainable Community Development, the IntelCities e-Learning platform, LUDA eCompendium, Life Long Learning, Learning Cities. NWQuest simulation tool, Public Participation GIS, Micro-MAPPAS, ISCAM, REAP, urban modelling, evaluation and participation, spatial policy analysis. Integrated Sustainability Assessment Tool (ISAT) and other sustainability appraisal tools, visual map of urban sustainability issues, evaluation results of 700+ assessment tools, whole life costing, maintenance strategies Housing Energy Simulation, thermal modelling of buildings, computer aided design and visualisation, environmental assessment, tools: IES, ECOTECT, DREAM Heritage “soft” measures, Historical Building Conservation
University of Wales Institute, Cardiff
Issues:
• Sustainable development & sustainable communities– Quadruple bottom line - EESI criteria
• Example: NEM
Towards Sustainable Urban Regeneration
Metrolink: 8 Stops, 8 Places
Excellence of Educational Offer
Creating Working Communities
2700 New Jobs
30% Tree Canopy Target50,000 New Trees
District Energy
- Significant improvement in public perceptions
- Reduction in petty crime
- 7 Parks improved and 17 Community Gardens created
- Completion of Sportcity
- Transfer and improvement of 3,000 properties to Eastlands Homes
- 3,500 new homes built and many more underway
- 4,500 properties improved
- 2 new health centres and 7 new Children’s Centres
- Over £80m invested in 3 secondary schools and a new Academy
- More than doubling the number of secondary schools pupils achieving 5 GCSE A* - C to over 50%
- Educational attainment gap between east Manchester schools and City average has closed
- 3,000 jobs created or safeguarded
- 180,000 sq m of new commercial floor space built
- New transport gateway at Central Park
KEY ACHIEVEMENTS 2000 - 2007
LUDA Framework
A. Evaluation Step B. Stakeholders C. Sustainability Issues D. Spatial E. Time scale
1. Diagnosis
2. Visioning
3. Predicting
4. Implementing
5. Monitoring
1. Policy makers
City administrators
Local authorities
Government agencies
NGO’s
Research institutions
2. Private enterprise
Property developers
Building & infrastructure owners
Banks & other financial backers
3. Planners
Town planners
Urban designers
Consultants
Development control officers
4. Service providers
Transport & utility service providers
Facilities managers
Marketing officers
Health and safety officers
Insurers
5. Citizens
1. Urban
Infrastructure
Land use
Urban design
Buildings
2. Economic
Employment
Inward investment
Commercial activity
Land & property values
3. Social
Income
Health
Education
Safety & Security
Community
4. Environmental
Air quality
Water quality
Energy consumption
Waste management
Bio-diversity
1. Global
2. National
3. Urban region
4. City
5. District
6. Neighbourhood
7. Estate
8. Building
1. Long-term >20 years
2. Mid-term 5 – 20 years
3. Short-term <5 years
Elected officials
Entrepreneurs
Hard to reach spaces and communities:
E.G.; Chapel Street, Salford
Towards Sustainable Urban Regeneration
“There is nothing in a caterpillar that tells you it’s
going to be a butterfly.”
R. Buckminster Fuller
Towards Sustainable Urban Regeneration
Introduction
CSURC Development Framework Area
North Chapel Street Conservation Area
South Chapel Street
GLENN HOWELLS ARCHITECTS
Chapel Street Elevation Study
Existing Street View
GLENN HOWELLS ARCHITECTS
“MORE SALFORD” “Less Anywhere”
• “Transform Chapel Street into a vibrant tree lined street, which will form the focal point for the regeneration area”
• “Enhance the existing architectural setting”
• “Create an attractive urban neighbourhood, with a focus on family housing” • “High quality, contemporary buildings”
GLENN HOWELLS ARCHITECTS
Preferred Proposed Masterplan
GLENN HOWELLS ARCHITECTS
Chapel Street South
Locally Listed Buildings Study
Location Plan
Location Aerial
1234
1 - Ye Olde Nelson
3 – 301 Chapel Street
2 - 289 Chapel Street
4 – The Bell Tower
GLENN HOWELLS ARCHITECTS
Ye Olde Nelson
Front elevation visible along full length of Chapel Street
High quality buildings opposite
Ye Olde Nelson
Poor quality neighbouring buildings
Gap sites surrounding building
Site Constraints Existing Condition
GLENN HOWELLS ARCHITECTS
Chapel Street Elevation Study
Cathedral Square
CABE model for sustainable communities
Source: Places Matter (CABE/ RENEW)
Building for Life Criteria
20 criteria under four heads:
Environment and community
Character
Streets, parking and pedestrianisation
Design and construction
Building for Life is run by CABE and the Home Builders Federation with the Civic Trust, Design for Homes, English Partnerships and the Housing Corporation.
Thanks:
Sean McGonigle, NEM
Dave Carter, MDDA
Peter Baker, Central Salford URC
The teams from the Intelligent Cities and SURegen projects
CABE
Gorton Monastery
Contact details: s.r.curwell@salford.ac.uk
SURregen: m.wallwork@salford.ac.uk
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