urban regeneration in greater manchester - professor steve curwell

Urban Regeneration with a focus on Greater Manchester

Professor Steve Curwell

Urban regeneration

Defined as a:

“comprehensive vision and action which leads to the resolution of urban problems and which seeks to bring about a lasting improvement in the economic, physical, social and environmental conditions of an area that has been subject to change”

(Roberts and Sykes 2000).

Main challenges• Loss of purpose• Physical decay• Complexity of

problems• Multiplicity of

stakeholders• Uncertainty of

future

Who is it for? Regeneration Stakeholders

Source: Places Matter (CABE/ RENEW)

Stakeholder is anybody who affects, or can be affected by regeneration activities.

Towards Sustainable Urban Regeneration

Issues:• Donut of decay and depopulation in most of

the northern UK post-industrial cities• Knowledge Society, Skills gap & Inter-

competitiveness• Sustainable development & sustainable

communities• Hard to reach places and communities.

Issues:

• Donut of decay and depopulation in most of the northern UK post-industrial cities

• Example: New East Manchester

Other examples e.g.: Cottbus and a number of East German cities


• New East Manchester Ltd is a partnership initiative between Manchester City Council, English Partnerships, North West Development Agency and the communities of East Manchester

• Encompassing more than 1,900ha extending from the edge of Manchester City Centre to the eastern boundary of the city, East Manchester presents an opportunity for investment and regeneration on a scale unprecedented in an English city

NEW EAST MANCHESTER LTD

• 1,900 hectares east of Manchester City Centre

• Boundaries extended in 2004 to include Gorton in the South and Newton Heath in the North

Manchester City Centre

East Manchester

REGIONAL CONTEXT

• Traditional manufacturing base – 60% employment loss 1975-85

• 13% population loss in 1990s

• Collapse in housing market

• 20% vacant properties, negative equity

• Low skills base, high crime/ poor health/ poor community and retail facilities

• Fragile economic base:

• 52% households receive benefit

• 14.2% unemployment

EAST MANCHESTER CHARACTERISTICS

DRIVERS FOR REGENERATION IN EAST MANCHESTER

• Renaissance of Manchester • Heritage assets • Commonwealth Games 2002 • Government Initiatives

NEW EAST MANCHESTER LTD ROLE

• Develop and implement the Regeneration Framework

• Lead the physical regeneration of east Manchester

• Market and promote the area

• Co-ordinate and integrate social/community and economic programmes and initiatives• New Deal for Communities Single Regeneration Budget

• Education Action Zone Health Action Zone• Surestart Sports Action Zone• Ancoats Urban Village • Housing Market Renewal Fund

• Focus mainstream public funding effectively - £150m per year

• Secure public and private sector resources to deliver the comprehensive

programme

SportcityA derelict contaminated site

SportcityMajor visitor destination

New East Manchester in 2000



Central ParkPoor business environment


Central ParkEconomic Development


BeswickHousing market collapse

BeswickHousing Renewal



Pedestrian Link to Sportcity

Underused and unsafe


Sportcity link routeGood pedestrian access


Bradford ParkPoor quality open space

Bradford ParkQuality green spaces



Gorton MonasteryCultural sites at risk

Gorton MonasteryRestored cultural icon



Ancoats MillsNeglected heritage


Ancoats MillsRestored heritage

Issues:

• Networked Knowledge Society

• Research Examples: – Intelligent cities project– SURegen Project


“The worldwide computer network - the electronic agora - subverts, displaces, and radically redefines our notions of gathering place, community, and urban life. The Net has a fundamentally different physical structure, and it operates under quite different rules from those that organize the action in the public places of traditional cities.”

William Mitchell, “City of Bits” (1994)

Networked Knowledge Society

IntelCities IST-507860

FP5 INTELCITY THEMATIC NETWORK, 01- 02, Euro 300K

1. 10 partners in 6 EU Countries2. 9 Interactive Workshops + a

major international conference – Siena, March 02

3. Consultation with stakeholders – inc 27 cities, 26 ICT companies 80+ research groups balancing SUD and ICT interests.

4. A roadmap – identifying a range of Scenarios for the Sustainable Information City + main steps for implementation

Sustainable City Visions

Knowledge Society

VisionsIntegrated Information

City VisionVision

Roadmap: www.scpm.salford.ac.uk/intelcity

Strategic Vision


Where cities are today

• Importance of e-readiness to competitive advantage• Most cities have large investments in technology to manage and

deliver planning and regeneration services (legacy).• Lack of confidence in existing commercial applications -

examples of market failure in delivery of e-gov. systems • E-planning is as much about using technology to manage back

office processes as it is about public facing services.• Some ‘city planning services’ are between one part of the city

administration to another or to another public body (e.g. central or regional government) - so happen without touching the public interface.

• The common thread is data – most of which is ‘owned’ by the city, or other public bodies that is contributing in some way to the planning service(s) being delivered.


e-City Vision for enhanced governance

e-City Platformenables

INTEGRATED INFORMATION PROCESSING

providing BUSINESS

INTELLIGENCE

Citizensfamily, old people, disabled people etc.

Businessescompanies, professionals, transport service, etc.

Governmentpoliticians, public services officers

Non-Governmental OrganisationsFriends of the Earth, Human rights etc.

`

Intelcities has created and integrated a set of innovative, e-government services to improve the management and planning of cities through business intelligence, leading to higher quality, more sustainable urban environments, delivered via an e-city platform

City Planning Services Set

City Management Services Set

Customers

Service data

Real-time data

Stats & trends

Spatial data

Issues:

• Regeneration Skills gap

• Examples:– Egan report– SURegen Project


Key Objective – “filling” the regeneration skills gap

1. Construct a digital workspace, the RSW; and populate it with good SUR practice.

2. Evaluate and adapt a number of tools and techniques and demonstrate how they can be integrated within the RSW.

3. Investigate how the RSW can:• identify the key decisions and issues in

the regeneration process in advance of implementation;

• support stakeholders to share “what-if” scenarios in co-creation of regeneration plans;

• support communities of practice to develop capacity in integrated SUR.

RENEW NW Development of the EGAN Wheel: Components of Sustainable Communities

The Concept 1

The Regeneration Workbench

Integrated Decision Support System for Sustainable Urban Regeneration – a digital

workbench for regeneration agents and their stakeholders.

The concept 2

The motoring analogy for the functionality of the workbench:

•The windscreen displays the regeneration area;

•The dashboard shows the current status;

•The headlights light up key issues and

•The mirror shows where you have come from.

Dashboard Example 11. Make

your choices, to experiment

with the future

2. Watch the sustainability

summary change

3. Click on indicators for more detail, with

maps & graphs

5. Zoom in, call up

visuals, run animations of

the future

6. Look here for an

online tutorial and to

learn more

4. Call up charts &

analysis of the impacts of your

choices

1. Make your

choices, to experiment

with the future

2. Watch the sustainability

summary change

3. Click on indicators for more detail, with

maps & graphs

5. Zoom in, call up

visuals, run animations of

the future

6. Look here for an

online tutorial and to

learn more

4. Call up charts &

analysis of the impacts of your

choices

N.W. Quest (Manchester University)

VEPs:Linking 3D models and GIS

Dashboard Example 2

Simulate the Regeneration Process?

Vivacity urban design life cycle model

Link Evaluation to Process (Source LUDA project)

Implementation

Visioning

Monitoring

Programming

Diagnosis

Data Futures IA

MCA

Data

CBA and MCA IA

Baseline Prospective Formative Retrospective

Process steps

Types of evaluation

Methods

Integrate Date (Super Output Area Data)

SOA’s enable: Comparison of areas of similar size nationally Identification of pockets of deprivation below

ward level Comparisons over time as boundaries are

durable Handling some of the disclosure and privacy

issues of smaller output areas http://www.statistics.gov.uk/geography/soa.asp

http://www.statistics.gov.uk/geography/soa.asp

The consortium 2: Industrial and public sector partners

Housing market renewal, products and structures, social enterprise, participation routes, regeneration action plans and delivery, Box4 tool for community housing finance Project management, multidisciplinary design, refurbishment and restoration, planning and engineering consultancy Digital government services, Knowledge Society and regeneration, community IT development; broadband role-out and connectivity, social enterprise for IT business development, training and online services (Eastserve) Large-scale regeneration programme management, neighbourhood renewal, public-private partnerships, regeneration project implementation. East Manchester case study. Regeneration skills and training, CPD in Regeneration, Plan It (learning and training simulation tool), regeneration master classes, information sharing, partnership working, Egan Wheel, sustainable communities. Architecture & Urban Design, green space, mixed-use regeneration, multi-agency partnerships, project delivery, consultancy Social Return on Investment Tool (SROI), sustainable policy briefings, sustainability indicators, partnership working, corporate social responsibility, renewable energy, transport, climate change, waste minimisation and recycling Health and social dimensions of regeneration, provision of health and social care facilities, programme innovation, change management, community development, public-private partnerships A57 Liverpool Road case study, extensive experience of regeneration problems, early/base-line stages of regeneration process, public-private partnerships, property management, design (highway, landscape, architectural), development control House Building, housing refurbishment, sustainable construction, energy efficiency of buildings, corporate responsibility Envisage software development tool to build interoperability of software modules & data and presentation of information

Housing market renewal, products and structures, social enterprise, participation routes, regeneration action plans and delivery, Box4 tool for community housing finance Project management, multidisciplinary design, refurbishment and restoration, planning and engineering consultancy Digital government services, Knowledge Society and regeneration, community IT development; broadband role-out and connectivity, social enterprise for IT business development, training and online services (Eastserve) Large-scale regeneration programme management, neighbourhood renewal, public-private partnerships, regeneration project implementation. East Manchester case study. Regeneration skills and training, CPD in Regeneration, Plan It (learning and training simulation tool), regeneration master classes, information sharing, partnership working, Egan Wheel, sustainable communities. Architecture & Urban Design, green space, mixed-use regeneration, multi-agency partnerships, project delivery, consultancy Social Return on Investment Tool (SROI), sustainable policy briefings, sustainability indicators, partnership working, corporate social responsibility, renewable energy, transport, climate change, waste minimisation and recycling Health and social dimensions of regeneration, provision of health and social care facilities, programme innovation, change management, community development, public-private partnerships A57 Liverpool Road case study, extensive experience of regeneration problems, early/base-line stages of regeneration process, public-private partnerships, property management, design (highway, landscape, architectural), development control House Building, housing refurbishment, sustainable construction, energy efficiency of buildings, corporate responsibility Envisage software development tool to build interoperability of software modules & data and presentation of information

The consortium 1: Academic Partners

Data Modelling and Handling, Ontology Modelling, LUDA Assessment Decision Support, Unified Modelling Language (UML) and PostGIS – Vivacity, Energy Exchange model, ADMS (air pollution models), inclusive design, healthcare infrastructures, change management, Internet and VR based stakeholder engagement (VEPS) GIS-based Statistic (demographic) data repository (Vivacity) Digitally-inclusive Urban Regeneration, Sustainable Community Development, the IntelCities e-Learning platform, LUDA eCompendium, Life Long Learning, Learning Cities. NWQuest simulation tool, Public Participation GIS, Micro-MAPPAS, ISCAM, REAP, urban modelling, evaluation and participation, spatial policy analysis. Integrated Sustainability Assessment Tool (ISAT) and other sustainability appraisal tools, visual map of urban sustainability issues, evaluation results of 700+ assessment tools, whole life costing, maintenance strategies Housing Energy Simulation, thermal modelling of buildings, computer aided design and visualisation, environmental assessment, tools: IES, ECOTECT, DREAM Heritage “soft” measures, Historical Building Conservation

University of Wales Institute, Cardiff

Issues:

• Sustainable development & sustainable communities– Quadruple bottom line - EESI criteria

• Example: NEM


Metrolink: 8 Stops, 8 Places

Excellence of Educational Offer

Creating Working Communities

2700 New Jobs

30% Tree Canopy Target50,000 New Trees

District Energy

- Significant improvement in public perceptions

- Reduction in petty crime

- 7 Parks improved and 17 Community Gardens created

- Completion of Sportcity

- Transfer and improvement of 3,000 properties to Eastlands Homes

- 3,500 new homes built and many more underway

- 4,500 properties improved

- 2 new health centres and 7 new Children’s Centres

- Over £80m invested in 3 secondary schools and a new Academy

- More than doubling the number of secondary schools pupils achieving 5 GCSE A* - C to over 50%

- Educational attainment gap between east Manchester schools and City average has closed

- 3,000 jobs created or safeguarded

- 180,000 sq m of new commercial floor space built

- New transport gateway at Central Park

KEY ACHIEVEMENTS 2000 - 2007

LUDA Framework

A. Evaluation Step B. Stakeholders C. Sustainability Issues D. Spatial E. Time scale

1. Diagnosis

2. Visioning

3. Predicting

4. Implementing

5. Monitoring

1. Policy makers

City administrators

Local authorities

Government agencies

NGO’s

Research institutions

2. Private enterprise

Property developers

Building & infrastructure owners

Banks & other financial backers

3. Planners

Town planners

Urban designers

Consultants

Development control officers

4. Service providers

Transport & utility service providers

Facilities managers

Marketing officers

Health and safety officers

Insurers

5. Citizens

1. Urban

Infrastructure

Land use

Urban design

Buildings

2. Economic

Employment

Inward investment

Commercial activity

Land & property values

3. Social

Income

Health

Education

Safety & Security

Community

4. Environmental

Air quality

Water quality

Energy consumption

Waste management

Bio-diversity

1. Global

2. National

3. Urban region

4. City

5. District

6. Neighbourhood

7. Estate

8. Building

1. Long-term >20 years

2. Mid-term 5 – 20 years

3. Short-term <5 years

Elected officials

Entrepreneurs

Hard to reach spaces and communities:

E.G.; Chapel Street, Salford


“There is nothing in a caterpillar that tells you it’s

going to be a butterfly.”

R. Buckminster Fuller


Introduction

CSURC Development Framework Area

North Chapel Street Conservation Area

South Chapel Street

GLENN HOWELLS ARCHITECTS

Chapel Street Elevation Study

Existing Street View


“MORE SALFORD” “Less Anywhere”

• “Transform Chapel Street into a vibrant tree lined street, which will form the focal point for the regeneration area”

• “Enhance the existing architectural setting”

• “Create an attractive urban neighbourhood, with a focus on family housing” • “High quality, contemporary buildings”


Preferred Proposed Masterplan


Chapel Street South

Locally Listed Buildings Study

Location Plan

Location Aerial

1234

1 - Ye Olde Nelson

3 – 301 Chapel Street

2 - 289 Chapel Street

4 – The Bell Tower


Ye Olde Nelson

Front elevation visible along full length of Chapel Street

High quality buildings opposite

Ye Olde Nelson

Poor quality neighbouring buildings

Gap sites surrounding building

Site Constraints Existing Condition


Chapel Street Elevation Study

Cathedral Square

CABE model for sustainable communities

Source: Places Matter (CABE/ RENEW)

Building for Life Criteria

20 criteria under four heads:

Environment and community

Character

Streets, parking and pedestrianisation

Design and construction

Building for Life is run by CABE and the Home Builders Federation with the Civic Trust, Design for Homes, English Partnerships and the Housing Corporation.

http://www.cabe.org.uk/

http://www.hbf.co.uk/

http://www.civictrust.org.uk/

http://www.designforhomes.org/

http://www.englishpartnerships.co.uk/

http://www.housingcorp.gov.uk/

Thanks:

Sean McGonigle, NEM

Dave Carter, MDDA

Peter Baker, Central Salford URC

The teams from the Intelligent Cities and SURegen projects

CABE

Gorton Monastery

Contact details: [email protected]

SURregen: [email protected]

urban regeneration in greater manchester - professor steve curwell

Education

communities of east

heritage new east manchester

unsafe new east manchester

number of east german

regeneration framework

regeneration activities

sustainable information

city of bits