updates on biochar issues and gasifier stove technology

Updates on Biochar Issues and Gasifier Stove Technology

Presentation toIllinois Biochar Group

5 April 2013Paul S. Anderson, PhD “Dr TLUD”

psanders@ilstu.edu Chip Energy, Goodfield, IL

Two Themes• Large TLUDs for making charcoal

in Cambodia

• Biochar research results of T. R. Preston and the LRRD, Colombia

Charcoal Production in

Large TLUD Pyrolyzers in

Cambodia

Fuel is coconut shells, that are crushed, and later loaded into large TLUD devices.

TLUD Pyrolyzers with 15 inch Inside Diameter for Fuel.

Large blower circulates the hot exhaust gases through a tunnel for drying the charcoal briquettes.

Removal of the Hot Charcoal

Extruding Briquettes,onto Drying Racks,

and in a Charcoal Stove

Acknowledgement• The following Power Point Slides were

prepared by T. R. Preston and delivered as part of his presentation to the Biochar Conference in Siem Reap, Cambodia, in March 2013.

• Dr. Preston has given permission to re-show these slides.

• His references are provided at the end.• Questions concerning this material should be

directed to Dr. Preston.

Production and use of biochar in integrated

farming systemsT R Preston

Finca Ecologica, AA48 Socorro, Colombiapreston@lrrd.org

The strategy to sequester carbon in the soil

The gasifier stove (Paul Olivier)

Biochar and biodigester effluent on growth of maize

Rodríguez et al 2009

Biochar and biodigester effluent on root growth of maize

Rodríguez et al 2009

Root development in the subsoil with and without biochar and effluent

Effect of biochar on soil pH

BiocharControl Charcoal

Biochar for Taro in Laos

Taro yield, 1st harvest 84 days

Taro 2nd harvest 112 days

Taro 3rd harvest 140 days

Predicted annual yield of Taro biomass with biochar

0 50 1000

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

Effluent N, kg N/ha

DM

yie

ld, k

g/ye

ar

Sources of biochar on low pH soil (feralite) and high pH (sandy)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Feralite SandyAb

ove

grou

und

biom

ass,

g

Sources of biochar on low pH soil (feralite) and high pH (sandy)

None

Rice h

usk

Bambo

o

Cocon

ut du

st

Suga

r can

e bag

asse

0

4

8

12

16

20Feralite Sandy

Mai

ze r

oot,

g

Biochar and nutritive value of green mustard

Chhay Ty et al 2013

0 1 2 3 4 502468

101214161820

f(x) = 0.948571428571429 x + 12.78R² = 0.958969897337742

f(x) = 0.376 x + 6.834R² = 0.992808988764045

Leaves

Biochar, kg/m2

Crud

e pr

otei

n, %

in D

M

Biochar and crude fiber in green mustard

Chhay Ty et al 2013

0 1 2 3 4 502468

1012141618

f(x) = − 1.08714285714286 x + 16.05R² = 0.95582660075757f(x) = − 0.931428571428572 x + 16.46R² = 0.92125520110957

Leaves Linear (Leaves)Stem Linear (Stem)

Biochar, kg/m2

Crud

e fib

er,

% in

DM

Growth of maize with biochar submerged in effluent

0 24 48 72 960

5

10

15

20

25

30

35 Sin efluente Con efluente

Time submerged in effluent, h

Mai

z, g

DM

in 3

5 da

ys

No effuent With effluent

Biochar in animal feed

Methane in cattle fed cassava root and forage; effect of biochar and nitrate

Biochar Nitrate Biochar + nitrate

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45Re

duct

ion

in m

etha

ne p

rodu

ctio

n,

%

Results in Kenya in re:char test plots

http://www.re-char.com/2013/01/24/the-longterm-impact-of-biochar-in-soil-season-2/

Thank you for your attentionpreston@lrrd.org

www.lrrd.orgwww.mekarn.org

References provided by T R Preston, from the first item in this listing.

Chhay Ty, Vor Sina, Khieu Borin and Preston T R 2013 Effect of different levels of biochar on the yield and nutritive value of Celery cabbage (Brassica chinensis var), Chinese cabbage (Brassica pekinensis), Mustard green (Brassica juncea) and Water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica). Livestock Research for Rural Development. Volume 25, Article #008. Retrieved , from http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd25/1/chha25008.htm

Boun Suy Tan 2010 Biochar Innovation from the UK Biochar Research Center. http://biocharinnovation.wordpress.com/wokshop-cambodia/

Husk B and Major Julie 2011 Biochar Commercial Agriculture Field Trial in Québec, Canada – Year Three: Effects of Biochar on Forage Plant Biomass Quantity, Quality and Milk Production. http://opensourceecology.org/w/images/5/55/BlueLeafBiocharForageFieldTrial-Year3Report.pdf

Huy Sokchea, Khieu Borin and Preston T R 2013 Effect of biochar from rice husks (combusted in a downdraft gasifier or a paddy rice dryer) on production of rice fertilized with biodigester effluent or urea; Livestock Research for Rural Development. Volume 25, Article #004. Retrieved , from http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd25/1/sokc25004.htm (Continued on next slide)

Phalla and Preston 2005 Co-generation of energy and feed/food in integrated farming systems for socio-economic and environmental benefits. http://wwwmekarn.org/msc2003-05/theseso5/phallacont.htm

Pham Van Luu, Duong Nguyen Khang and Preston T R 2011 Effects of biochar from gasifier and effluent from biodigester for improving soil fertility and yield of green mustard Brassica juncea (L.). Workshop on Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Livestock and Soils (Editors: Reg Preston and Sisomphone Southavong). National Institute of Animal Science, Hanoi, 14-15 November 2011. httm://www.mekarn.org/workshops/GHG-CC/luu.htm

Rodrigues L, Salazar P and Preston T R 2009. Effect of biochar and biodigester effluent on growth of maize in acid soils. Livestock Research for Rural Development. Volume 21, Article#110. http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd21/7/rodr21110.htm

Southavong S, Preston T R and Man N V 2012 Effect of biochar and charcoal with staggered application of biodigester effluent on growth of water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica). Livestock Research for Rural Development. Volume 24, Article #39. Retrieved December 17, 2012, from http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd24/2/siso24039.htm