the tudor dynasty 1485-1603. the beginning henry vii (r. 1485-1509) used diplomacy, avoided war,...

The Tudor Dynasty

1485-1603

The Beginning Henry VII (r. 1485-1509)

Used diplomacy, avoided war, & strengthened England’s interest abroad

Henry VIII (r. 1509-1547) Made England a great naval power Married 6 times Broke with Catholic Church & started the Church

of EnglandSeized monastery lands & sold to wealthy landowners

House of Commons increased its power during this reign

Edward VI (r. 1547-1553)

Only 9 years old when he became kingWas advised by Protestant leaders

Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury

England was in a time of turmoilEdward died at the age of 15

Mary I (r. 1553-1558)(Bloody Mary)Married Philip II of Spain in 1554

Met strong opposition in EnglandRestored Catholicism in 1555

Had about 300 Protestants burned at the stake for heresy

Involved England in a war with France England lost the port of Calais

Mary died childless & the throne went to her sister

Elizabeth I (r. 1558-1603) Became queen at the age of 25 Used her authority for the common good of

her people Earned the loyalty and confidence of her

subjects Her reign was one of England’s great

cultural periods. She strongly supported the arts, e.g. the

theater and Shakespeare The English language was transformed into

one of beauty, grace, vigor, and clarity

The Marriage QuestionIt was expected that Elizabeth would

marry & her husband would rule. Women were not considered able to be

good monarchsShe felt marrying a foreign prince

would endanger EnglandMarrying an English nobleman would

cause jealousies among the othersIn the end she refused to marry &

therefore would produce no heir

Think (Write), Pair, Share

Why would Elizabeth think that marrying a foreign prince would put England at risk?

Elizabeth I and Parliament Was assisted by a council of nobles

They handled much of the administrative duties They were assisted by professional, poorly paid

bureaucrats Parliament did not have the power to

initiate legislation Could plead, urge, advise, and withhold approval

Law enforcement was by justices of the peace & were volunteer positions Maintained peace, collected taxes, & kept

government informed of local conditions.

Social Policy

Social rank Queen and her court Prominent nobles from landed families Gentry

Lesser nobles, merchants, lawyers, & clergy Yeomen

Farmers with small land holdings & laborers

Economic PolicyStatute of Apprentices (1563)

Declared work as a social & moral duty Required people to live & work where

they were born Controlled the movement of labor, fixed

wages, & regulated apprenticeshipsThe Poor Laws of 1597 & 1601

Local areas responsible for their own homeless & unemployed

Ability to raise money for charity & provide work for “vagabonds”

Foreign Policy

England had no continental lands when Elizabeth began her reign

Developed a strong navyRelied on diplomacyOperated as the third balancing power

This helped prevent one country from dominating others

Elizabeth sought to solidify English ties with Scotland and Ireland

Think (Write), Pair, Share

What foreign policy strategy did England develop under Elizabeth I reign?

Elizabeth I & Mary, Queen of Scots 1560s Scotland became Protestant & an ally

of England Mary (Stuart), Queen of Scots forced to

abdicate the throne in 1567 Mary was Catholic & in line to the English throne Was accused of plotting with Catholics against

Elizabeth 1587 was executed

Elizabeth died at the age of 69 in 1603 James I (son of Mary, Queen of Scots)

became king & founder of the Stuart dynasty