the changing face of waste management and emerging markets andrew craig

The changing face of waste management

and emerging markets

Andrew Craig

1990s• 1990 Environmental Protection Act• 1991 Planning & Compensation Act (waste local plans)• Very cheap landfill – but increasing regulation (beginning of

end of dilute & disperse)• Making Waste Work (1995)• Environment Act establishes Environment Agency (1995/6)• Aspirational targets (25% recycling not achieved)• Waste estimated, not weighed - changes• NFFO incentive for EfW• Introduction of landfill tax (1996)• Beginning of producer responsibility (1997)• PPG10 and Regional Technical Advisory Bodies on waste

Early 2000s

• Waste Strategy 2000• Statutory recycling targets (“Best Value”)• Waste Incineration Directive (end of the old

incinerators)• Cabinet Office review establishes WRAP (2002)• Regionalisation• Landfill Directive and LATS• WasteDataFlow• PFI for waste (2003)

Later 2000s

• Waste Strategy 2007• Landfill tax escalator• National Indicators• Renewables Obligation• Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation• Courtauld Agreement & review of packaging

targets• Love Food Hate Waste

2010 Onwards• New Government, new doctrines• “localism”

– No more local authority targets?– Regions abolished (RTABs)

• End of PFI• Fiscal deficit (public sector shakedown)• Producer Responsibility (more targets for private sector)• AD• Revised Waste Framework Directive:

– Recycling Targets– Other waste streams (C&I, C&D)– End of Waste– “R1” Formula

• Better information (2010 C&I surveys)• Renewable Heat Incentive

Landfill tax escalator:

2011/12 £56/tonne2012/13 £64/tonne2013/14 £72/tonne2014/15 £80/tonne floor

Possible but unlikely:• Landfill bans

• EU fines for infraction

What these drivers will do:• “Waste management” & recycling will become less of a local

authority issue. Local authorities’ focus will be on public health, public equity – and issues of “General Interest”

• “Resources management” will become more of a private sector issue, at every level. European and world markets.

• Private sector organizations will look to resources management to meet their own needs, so:

• Information and intelligence about waste/resources will be important intellectual property (Supply chains);

DEFRA Review of Municipal Waste Component Analyses, 2008

English municipal waste composition, 2006/7

food17%

garden14%

paper17%

card6%

glass7%

metals4%

plastics10%

Other17%

sanitary3%

WEEE2%

textiles3%

English municipal waste composition, 2006/7

paper17%

card6%

sanitary3%

WEEE2%

textiles3%

Other17%

food17%

garden14%

plastics10%

metals4%

glass7%

Biowaste

Biowaste

Biowaste – driversRenewables Obligation;Renewable Heat Incentive.

Final products

Technologies

Intermediate treatment

Waste source

Bio wastes

Supply

Dem

and

Soil Greenwaste

Agricultural Bioresidual

Food PaperCard

Wood Sludge

Household

DirectIndirect

C & DC & I PublicSector

Agriculture

Direct

Sourceseparation

Dry

Mechanicalseparation

Heat treatment D.A.F.

Wet

Non - bio Bio

Composting

IVC

AD

Non IVC

Rendering Land spread ATP Recycling Land fillMass burn Vermiculture

Gasification Pyrolysis Gas / Fermentation

Waste Ag Products Electricity Heat Transport fuel New productsGas Chem IntAnimalfeed

Forest

Overview Of Potential Regional Waste to Bioethanol & Waste to Biomethane Value Chain

15

Waste [(MSW inc

food),Industrial,

Commercial]Waste wood

CollectionLogistics

e.g. Graphite

Resources, Impetus, Veolia,

SITA, Biffa

GasificationBTL

BIOETHANOL(Ineos Bio) H2 (longer

term)

SeparationAutoclaving(Graphite

Resources)

Farm Waste , Manure, other

wastes inc food

Anaerobic Digestion(Regional

Farms)

Anaerobic Digestion

(MW Plant Capacity)

BIOMETHANENational Grid

DigestateRegionalFarmers

Digestate RegionalFarmers

Gas Grid

Gas Engine

HH2 (longer term)

Synthetic Fuels

Chemicals

CHP

Transport Fuel

Ash to Building Products

Liquid Transport Fuel

Biogas

NE current activityActivity: separation and autoclaving, NIBF demonstrator facility, AD Plant Location: Gateshead, Durham, Tees ValleyLead organisations: Graphite Resources, Premier Waste, CPI, Northumbrian WaterNE proposed activityActivity: fuel production, hydrogen production, anaerobic digestion R+D, fuels/chemicals biorefinery, Bio SNG feasibility study.Location: Tees Valley, Cockle ParkLead organisations: Ineos Bio, Air Products,Sembcorp/SITA, CPI (ADDC), Newcastle University (AD), IBS Project c/o NEPIC and NEB, NEPIC Bio SNG.

Anaerobic digestion

Biogas

Combustion

Electricity and Heat

Pre-treatment e.g. Graphite

Resources, Premier Waste

Gasification

Syngas

Fuels e.g.

Ineos Bio

Chemical Feedstocks e.g. Tees

Valley

Hydrogen e.g Air Products

SNG (NEPIC

feasibility study)

Organic Residues and Waste

Combustion

Electricity and Heat

Sembcorp/ SITAWilton 11

NWL

Lignocellulosic Crops and Residues

Bio Methanol

English municipal waste composition, 2006/7

paper17%

card6%

sanitary3%

WEEE2%

textiles3%

Other17%

food17%

garden14%

plastics10%

metals4%

glass7%

Plastics

Plastics

Plastics – drivers:Producer Responsibility (Packaging Waste) Regulations 1997 (as amended)Future cost of carbon.

Total Plastic Packaging based on 2,180,764 tonnesNot recycled 1,663,923 tonnes

Estimated 2020 Packaging Levels & Recoup 2020 Recycling Estimates

Paper & CardEnglish municipal waste composition, 2006/7

sanitary3%

WEEE2%

textiles3%

Other17%

food17%

garden14%

plastics10%

metals4%

glass7%

paper17%

card6%

Paper & Card: Drivers:Producer Responsibility (packaging),Industry energy costs

Metals

English municipal waste composition, 2006/7

paper17%card

6%

sanitary3%

WEEE2%

textiles3%

Other17%

food17%

garden14%

plastics10% metals

4%glass7%

Metals

Metals – drivers:Producer Responsibility (Packaging Waste) Regulations 1997 (as amended);Industry energy costs.

English municipal waste composition, 2006/7

paper17%

card6%

sanitary3%

WEEE2%

textiles3%

Other17%

food17%

garden14%

plastics10%

metals4% glass

7%

Glass

Glass

Glass – drivers:Producer Responsibility (Packaging Waste) Regulations 1997 (as amended);Industry energy costs.

English municipal waste composition, 2006/7

paper17%card

6%

sanitary3%

WEEE2%

textiles3%

Other17%

food17%

garden14%

plastics10% metals

4%glass7%

WEEE

WEEE

WEEE – Drivers:Producer Responsibility (WEEE Directive);Key material/resource security.

What these drivers will do:• “Waste management” & recycling will become less of a local

authority issue. Local authorities’ focus will be on public health, public equity – and issues of “General Interest”

• “Resources management” will become more of a private sector issue, at every level. European and world markets.

• Private sector organizations will look to resources management to meet their own needs, so:

• Information and intelligence about waste/resources will be important intellectual property (Supply chains);

• Biowastes and, eventually, plastics will become commodities as fossil resources become more expensive and riskier, technologies improve and Government interventions have unintended consequences;

• Simple, single solutions (landfill, mass burn EfW) will become a thing of the past.

The new role of the local authority in resources management• Planning

• Local leadership

• Joined up closed loops (AD, District Heating)

The new role of the local authority in resources management• Planning

• Local leadership

• Joined up closed loops (AD, District Heating)

• Partnerships with private sector

The new role of the local authority in resources management• Planning

• Local leadership

• Joined up closed loops (AD, District Heating)

• Partnerships with private sector

• Public education

The role of the private sector

• Investment

The role of the private sector

• Investment

• Shortening value chains

• Managing carbon – more efficient resources management:– Meet Statutory targets– Reduce carbon/energy costs

• Partnerships with local authorities

The role of the private sector

• Investment

• Shortening value chains

• Managing carbon – more efficient resources management:– Meet Statutory targets– Reduce carbon/energy costs

• Partnerships with local authorities

• Public education

The role of the private sector

• Investment

• Shortening value chains

• Managing carbon – more efficient resources management:– Meet Statutory targets– Reduce carbon/energy costs

• Partnerships with local authorities

• Public education

The role of the private sector

• Investment

• Shortening value chains

• Managing carbon – more efficient resources management:– Meet Statutory targets– Reduce carbon/energy costs

• Partnerships with local authorities

• Public education

Building Critical Mass in North East England

Building Critical Mass in NE England