the art of delivering value on time
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Christophe Achouiantz (@ChrisAch)
The Art of Delivering Value
on Time
(The Art of Succeeding)
Christophe AchouiantzLean/Agile Coach
Christophe Achouiantz (@ChrisAch)
About me
Christophe Achouiantz (fr)
Lean/Agile coach– Consultant since 2007– Sogeti since 2010– Coach, Project Leader, Programmer
Twitter: @ChrisAchBlog: http://leanagileprojects.blogspot.seLinkedIn
Christophe Achouiantz (@ChrisAch)
The Art of Delivering Value on Time
1. A tale about a ’real’ project
2. Classical Techniques (to try and NOT to try)
3. Advanced techniques Helping a project to be more Effective and Efficient
Christophe Achouiantz @ChrisAch - Sogeti
Christophe Achouiantz (@ChrisAch) TM & © LUCASFILM LTD. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
A Tale about a ’Real’ Project:
The Death Star 2 Project
a long time ago, in a galaxy far, far away
Christophe Achouiantz @ChrisAch - Sogeti
Christophe Achouiantz (@ChrisAch) TM & © LUCASFILM LTD. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Huge Program/Projects!• Massive Hardware• Looks Hugely Complex• Lot of Manpower• Heavy Security, Protocols, Processes• Probably nightmarish complex Software
Systems
What is all this about?
Christophe Achouiantz @ChrisAch - Sogeti
Christophe Achouiantz (@ChrisAch) TM & © LUCASFILM LTD. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
$850,000,000,000,000,000
- Estimated Cost by The White HouseChristophe Achouiantz @ChrisAch - Sogeti
Christophe Achouiantz (@ChrisAch) TM & © LUCASFILM LTD. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
$1,215,500,000,000,000,000
- Including typicall cost overrun of 43% For IT projects, an industry study by the Standish Group
found that the average cost overrun was 43 percent (Wikipedia)
Christophe Achouiantz @ChrisAch - Sogeti
Christophe Achouiantz (@ChrisAch) TM & © LUCASFILM LTD. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Senior Executive, sent to ”fix it”
Project Manager
Team Members(Glad they are not the PM)
Christophe Achouiantz @ChrisAch - Sogeti
Christophe Achouiantz (@ChrisAch) TM & © LUCASFILM LTD. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Seek desperate solutions, that will only make things worse this late in the project…
Christophe Achouiantz @ChrisAch - Sogeti
Christophe Achouiantz (@ChrisAch) TM & © LUCASFILM LTD. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Management by Fear…Christophe Achouiantz @ChrisAch - Sogeti
Christophe Achouiantz (@ChrisAch) TM & © LUCASFILM LTD. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
How did the project get into this situation?
Christophe Achouiantz @ChrisAch - Sogeti
Christophe Achouiantz (@ChrisAch) TM & © LUCASFILM LTD. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
How did the project get into this situation?
• Complex!• But manage it as if it is not…• Everything is high prio OR prioritized between
epics (all of Epic1, then all of Epic2) • Dubious motivational methods (no one really
cares?)• Unplanned changes due to market conditions
(new due date + changes to design)• Lack of experience (design team ’disapeared’
with DS1)
Christophe Achouiantz @ChrisAch - Sogeti
Christophe Achouiantz (@ChrisAch) TM & © LUCASFILM LTD. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
What will happen now?
• Stress to get the job done in time! Overtime!• Multiple projects competing for the same
expert resources• Task-switching (actually gets less done)• Take short-cuts (technical debt++)• Everything becomes urgent! Hard to follow a
plan• Errors due to human factor (exhaustion, forced
to use underqualified resources, etc.)• Add people late makes the project later• Poor Quality!Christophe Achouiantz @ChrisAch - Sogeti
Christophe Achouiantz (@ChrisAch) TM & © LUCASFILM LTD. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
From a ”venting shaft” to a ”highway” to the highly explosive core!?
Result of Stress, Task Switching &Technical Debt!
Result:
Christophe Achouiantz @ChrisAch - Sogeti
Christophe Achouiantz (@ChrisAch) TM & © LUCASFILM LTD. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
”Delivered!” Success
“Why would we spend countless taxpayer dollars on a Death Star with a fundamental flaw that can be exploited by a one-
man starship?”- The White House
Christophe Achouiantz @ChrisAch - Sogeti
Christophe Achouiantz (@ChrisAch)
Why Do Projects Fail?
“The project focuses not primarily on creating value, profit and customer
satisfaction for the business, but to get the project completed on time
and on budget.”Christer Cragnell (Group CIO Swedbank)
Christophe Achouiantz @ChrisAch - Sogeti
Christophe Achouiantz (@ChrisAch)
Success!”Value Delivered on Time”
• To Deliver Value on Time means to deliver something of value to the customer, when it is needed…– not before, as it would be waste– not after, as it would be a cost and a missed opportunity
• …and with the necessary qualities to realize that value
Christophe Achouiantz @ChrisAch - Sogeti
Christophe Achouiantz (@ChrisAch)
Become an Artist to Deliver Value on Time
Today, despite an abundance of methods and processes,
60-80% of projects fail.
Therefore, to succeed is still an art!
If no method can fix it for us, we should all become better artists.
Let us learn some techniques!
Christophe Achouiantz @ChrisAch - Sogeti
Christophe Achouiantz (@ChrisAch)
Classical Techniques to Deliver Value on Time
• Techniques that usually do not help:– Change Control Boards– Add people late– Remove all constraints
• Techniques that usually help:– Intelligent Constraints– Know Why– Limit size of project– Reuse experience– Trim the tail
Christophe Achouiantz @ChrisAch - Sogeti
Christophe Achouiantz (@ChrisAch)
Use a CCB
”Changes are killing this project, we need a Change Control Board
(CCB)!”
Christophe Achouiantz @ChrisAch - Sogeti
Christophe Achouiantz (@ChrisAch)
Do Not Use a CCB
CCBs are only good for:– Making sure that the customer does not get
what is needed/wanted– Create conflicts– Focus attention on contract rather than
solution
Christophe Achouiantz @ChrisAch - Sogeti
Christophe Achouiantz (@ChrisAch)
Add People Late
”I need more men!”
Christophe Achouiantz @ChrisAch - Sogeti
Christophe Achouiantz (@ChrisAch)
Do Not Add People Late
Brooks’s Law: Adding manpower to a late software project
makes it later!
Christophe Achouiantz @ChrisAch - Sogeti
Christophe Achouiantz (@ChrisAch)
Remove Constraints
”Let’s take our time on this one. No time limit, no pressure, no
constraints!”
Christophe Achouiantz @ChrisAch - Sogeti
Christophe Achouiantz (@ChrisAch)
Duke Nukem
Christophe Achouiantz (@ChrisAch)
Do Not Remove Constraints
Student Syndrome: People will start to fully apply themselves to a task just at the last possible moment
before a deadline
Parkinson’s Law: “Work expands so as to fill the time available for its completion.”
Murphy’s Law: With sufficient time/trials, "Anything that can go wrong, will go wrong"
Christophe Achouiantz @ChrisAch - Sogeti
Christophe Achouiantz (@ChrisAch)
Set Intelligent Constraints to Drive Creativity
"Constraints shape and focus problems, and provide clear challenges to overcome as well as inspiration.
Creativity loves constraints, but they must be balanced with a healthy disregard for the impossible.“
Yahoo! CEO Marissa Mayer
An intelligent constraint informs creative action by outlining the "sandbox" within which people can play and guides that action not just by pointing out what to pursue but perhaps more importantly what to ignore.
Christophe Achouiantz @ChrisAch - Sogeti
Christophe Achouiantz (@ChrisAch)
Intelligent Constraints: Understand How Much Time you Have
Karl
Sco
tland
Christophe Achouiantz (@ChrisAch)
No Big Projects
Get rid of Big Projects! Only start small projects, or even better no project
at all!
Big Projects = Big Administration & Complexity
Christophe Achouiantz @ChrisAch - Sogeti
Christophe Achouiantz (@ChrisAch)
Reuse Experience
To deliver the rigth thing on time:• Only work with Teams that already have the
needed knowledge!
Did you know? The Empire State building was built, from scratch to ’done’, in 1 year. This would be impossible to do today…
Poppendieck : ”Leading Lean Software Development: Results Are not the Point”
Christophe Achouiantz @ChrisAch - Sogeti
Christophe Achouiantz (@ChrisAch)
Sofware Development is a Knowledge Creation Process
• To succeed we need premium knowledge about:– The Problem– The Solution– The Technology used– How to work together as a team– How to work with the customer– The fitness of our organization
Christophe Achouiantz @ChrisAch - Sogeti
Christophe Achouiantz (@ChrisAch)
Succeed with Experience
• So, to best succeed you should only work with:– The same type of problems– The same type of solutions– The same technology– The same team– The same customer
• If not: it is a Challenge! You are in a Complex problem (more about that in a moment).
Christophe Achouiantz @ChrisAch - Sogeti
Christophe Achouiantz (@ChrisAch)
Trim the Tail
• Get rid of the ”long tail” where there is a low value created / time spended ratio.
• This requires some planning (more on that later)
Christophe Achouiantz @ChrisAch - Sogeti
Christophe Achouiantz (@ChrisAch)
Know WHY
• Allways start with WHY! (the golden circle)– Not What, or How or Who (yet)
• Spread it to everyone, so that everyone can contribute to reaching the goal– So that everyone CARES about it!
Christophe Achouiantz @ChrisAch - Sogeti
Christophe Achouiantz (@ChrisAch)
Advanced Techniques to Deliver Value on Time
Advanced Techniques that usually help
to become more: • Effective ”Do the right thing”• Efficient ”Do the thing right”
Christophe Achouiantz @ChrisAch - Sogeti
Christophe Achouiantz (@ChrisAch)
Minimize Output, Maximize Outcome
• Effectivity Techniques– Seek Actionable Feedback– Minimize Rework– Plan to make an Impact– Flesh out details after the plan (and not the
plan efter the details)
• Efficiency Techniques– Select the Right Process– Optimize Flow
Christophe Achouiantz @ChrisAch - Sogeti
Christophe Achouiantz (@ChrisAch)
Effectivity”Do the Right Thing”
Christophe Achouiantz @ChrisAch - Sogeti
Christophe Achouiantz (@ChrisAch)
Speed Up Knowledge Creation with Actionable Feedback
• Expect & Plan for feedback!
• Feedback about:– The problem and the solution (Iterative and Incremental
Development, Paper protypes, demos, etc.)– The process (visual management)– The implementation (test in parallel)
Christophe Achouiantz @ChrisAch - Sogeti
Christophe Achouiantz (@ChrisAch)
The Financial Value of Feedback
Christophe Achouiantz – Sogeti Inspiration Day 2011
Christophe Achouiantz (@ChrisAch)
Minimize Rework
• Avoid Failure Demand
• Build quality in!– Test & Validation (validation criteria)
Christophe Achouiantz @ChrisAch - Sogeti
Christophe Achouiantz (@ChrisAch)
Make an Impact
• Identify Who (the actors) to focus on in the short term
• How to impact them (strategy)• What to do to impact them (features)
How To: Impact Mapping!
Christophe Achouiantz @ChrisAch - Sogeti
Christophe Achouiantz (@ChrisAch)
Impact Map
Gojko Adzic: ”Impact Mapping: Making a Big Impact with Software Products and Projects”
Christophe Achouiantz (@ChrisAch)
Example of Impact Map
Gojko Adzic: ”Impact Mapping: Making a Big Impact with Software Products and Projects”
Christophe Achouiantz (@ChrisAch)
Create the Right Plan
• Flesh out details after the plan (and not the plan efter the details)
• Start with an IDEA and high level requirements (a handfull). – Ex: an iPad app, with a team of 4, within one week, to help
customers choose the right sun-glasses (Norstrom inovation lab)– Intelligent Constraints!
• Specifications (the details) are unknown at the start and should be discovered with the help of feedback.
• How To: User Story Mapping!
Christophe Achouiantz @ChrisAch - Sogeti
Christophe Achouiantz (@ChrisAch)
User Story Mapping
• A technique to design a solution and create a plan to deliver it into small increments.
• Combined with Impact Mapping, allows you to design and discover a Minimum Viable Product (MVP).
• Resembles Toyota’s ”Success Assured” as well as Kickstarter’s target funding and strech goals.
Christophe Achouiantz @ChrisAch - Sogeti
Christophe Achouiantz (@ChrisAch)
From Idea to Plan via User Story Mapping
Christophe Achouiantz @ChrisAch - Sogeti
Christophe Achouiantz (@ChrisAch)
Building a Car using a traditional System Development method
Stop!No time/$ left!
Brakes Engine Gears Body SuspentionInterior& Seats
Wheels & Tyres
Christophe Achouiantz (@ChrisAch)
Building a Car the Right Way
Increment
IncrementIncrement
Increment
Brakes Engine Gears Body Suspention Interior& Seats
Wheels & Tyres
Christophe Achouiantz (@ChrisAch)
Exempel -1
User Story Map
© Christophe Achouiantz, Från Krav till System
Christophe Achouiantz (@ChrisAch)
Exempel - 2
Beroende
Frågor
Validation /Tests
User StoriesTasks /Sub-Aktiviteter
Utv. TeametKundenAnvändaren
Aktiviteter
mindre ”optional”
Mer ”optional”
© Christophe Achouiantz, Från Krav till System
Christophe Achouiantz (@ChrisAch)
Exempel - 31: Structure
2: Control
3: Security
4: Data quality
5: Statistics (xtra)
6: Performance (xtra)
7: Interface (xtra)
Inkrement 1:”Basic”
Inkrement 2”Testa Kopplingar”
Inkrement 3”Säkerhet”
Inkrement 4”Kvalité”
Delmål / inkrement mål
Diskutera, klargöra, dela-upp, ändra, validera, bekräfta
Klar for Project ”Pete”
© Christophe Achouiantz, Från Krav till System
Christophe Achouiantz (@ChrisAch)
A model for usingUser Story Mapping
A System Design Workshop Invite key stakeholders (a handfull) Together, design the system by discovering details and discussing when/how to fit them in. ”Drill-down” sufficiently deep to discover and manage most of the problems. Create a visual map as a support for the discussions. Create an incremental development plan/roadmap from the visual map.
A recurring re-planning meeting Manage changes contiuously (e.g. weekly). Re-design the system (the map) to fit the changes Re-plan to accomodate the changes.
After the workshop, adapt the plan continuously to accomodate:
• The new understanding about the problem, solution, system.
• The impact of the stakeholders feedback after an increment.• Life!
Christophe Achouiantz (@ChrisAch)
Efficiency”Do the Thing Right”
Christophe Achouiantz @ChrisAch - Sogeti
Christophe Achouiantz (@ChrisAch)
Use the Right Processfor the Right Problem
Christophe Achouiantz (@ChrisAch)
Optimize the Workflow• See and Understand your Value Stream
• Identify bottlenecks, blocks, queues (waste)
• Create experiments to get rid of them
• Create policies from successfull experiments
• Go further with Kanban & Personal Kanban(set extra constraints/policies. E.g. limit Work In Progress)
Christophe Achouiantz @ChrisAch - Sogeti
Christophe Achouiantz (@ChrisAch)
Kanban Board Ex.
Christophe Achouiantz @ChrisAch - Sogeti
A Kanban Board
Christophe Achouiantz (@ChrisAch)
Techniques for the Art of Delivering Value on Time
• Set intelligent constraints• Work with small projects, or no project• Plan for experience and re-use it• Effectivity
– Seek feedback (prototypes, demos, visual management, test and validate parallel to development)
– Minimize Rework (Failure Demand)– Plan to make an Impact (Impact Mapping)– Flesh out details after the plan (User Story Mapping)
• Efficiency– Use the right process (complex or complicated?)– Optimize Flow (Kanban)
Christophe Achouiantz @ChrisAch - Sogeti
Christophe Achouiantz (@ChrisAch)
Thank You!
Christophe AchouiantzTwitter: @ChrisAchBlog: http://leanagileprojects.blogspot.se
Christophe Achouiantz (@ChrisAch)
Referenser
• Jeff PattonUser Story MappingUser Story Mapping (presentation)How you Slice it (artikel)
• Gojko Adzic• Mary & Tom Poppendieck
http://www.poppendieck.com/Bok: Leading Lean Software Development: Results Are not the Point
• Eric Ries The Lean Startup: How Today's Entrepreneurs Use Continuous Innovation to Create Radically Successful Businesses
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