subsistence vs. commercial agriculture. what makes subsistence agriculture different from commercial...
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Subsistence vs. Commercial Agriculture
What makes subsistence agriculture different from commercial agriculture?
Purpose of farming Percentage of farmers in labor force Use of machinery Relationship of farming to other business
Subsistence Agriculture Production of food primarily for
consumption by the farmer’s family Less Developed Countries
Percentage: labor intensive More than 55% farmers in LDC
Machinery? Farm Size? Relationship of farming to other business?
Subsistence Agriculture
Types of Subsistence Shifting Cultivation
The moving of planting from place to place provide crops better land
Subtropical areas Humid low latitude High temperatures with large amounts of rainfall
Amazon, Central West Africa, And Southeast Asia
Types of Subsistence Process of Shifting Cultivation
Slash and Burn Pick area surrounding settlement Clear vegetation Burn debris Rain washes nutrients into soil
Swidden- Cleared area When nutrients are depleted, let vegetation take
the land and find a new area
Types of Subsistence Pastoral Nomadism
Based on the herding of domesticated animals Extensive Agriculture- uses little inputs on vast areas of land
Low Output per area Arid and Semiarid land
North Africa, Middle East, and Central Asia Bedouins (Saudi Arabia, North Africa)
Depend on animals more than crops Trade with sedentary subsistence farmers Why do you think this is?
Types of Subsistence Pastoral Nomadism
Choice of animals Camels? Goats? Sheep?
Movement of Nomads Territoriality Transhumance- Seasonal migration of livestock
between mountains and lowland pastures
Types of Subsistence Intensive Subsistence Agriculture
Intensive Agriculture- More input of labor and materials relative per area
Labor Intensive Intertillage-the practice of planting taller, stronger crops to shelter lower, fragile ones from tropicaldownpours
East, South and Southeast Asia Small tracts of land Large labor forces
Lowland rice-Wet Rice
Commercial Agriculture Production of food primarily for sale off the farm More Developed Country
Percentage: MDC 5% farmers Machinery? Farm Size? Relationship to other businesses?
What are the different types of commercial agriculture?
Types of Commercial Agriculture Mixed Crop and Livestock Farming
Both crops and livestock Fertilizer from livestock Feed for livestock Reduces seasonal variation in income Crop rotation Corn Belt
Dairy Farming Near urban areas- Why? Milkshed- ring around a city from which milk can be
supplied w/o spoiling
Milk Cows per acre by county
Milk Production
Types of Commercial Agriculture Grain Farming
Grain-seed from various grasses, like wheat, corn, oats, barley, rice, etc…
Produced for people (not livestock) Where do you think grain farming occurs?
Winter Wheat Belt-Kansas, Colorado and Oklahoma Planted in autumn, ripe at beginning of summer
Spring wheat belt-Dakotas, Montana, and southern Saskatchewan
Planted in spring, harvested in the late summer Palouse region- Washington State
Grain
Wheat Production
Types of Commercial Agriculture Livestock Ranching
Commercial grazing of livestock over an extensive area Where do you find livestock ranching? Cattle ranching in America
Rail to major cities (Chicago) Pampas- Argentina, Southern Brazil, and Uruguay Sheep in Australia
Types of Commercial Agriculture Mediterranean Crops
Southern Europe, North Africa, and Western Asia High Moisture, mild winters, hilly Examples: Olives, grapes, fruits, vegetables,
wheat for pasta an bread
Types of Commercial Agriculture Commercial Gardening and Fruit Farming
U.S. Southeast AKA Truck farming Examples: apples, asparagus, cherries, lettuce,
mushrooms and tomatoes Migrant workers Specialty Farming
Types of Commercial Agriculture Plantation Farming
Large farm that specializes in one or two crops Tropics and Subtropics
LDCs Corporate Ownership Examples: cotton, sugarcane, coffee, rubber,
tobacco, cocoa, tea, coconuts, and palm oil
What types of commercial
agriculture do you see around here?
Why is it important for the world economy to have these multiple types of commercial agriculture?
Rank the types of agriculture from most intensive to least intensive (Extensive)
Remember! Intensive-
High inputs: Labor, Machinery, effort, etc…
Relative to area farmed High Output
Extensive Low inputs Large area Low output
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What are the two major types of Agriculture?
What are the types within Subsistence? What are the types within Commercial?
Short Presentation- Each person will get a type of agriculture You will need to:
Describe every location where this type of agriculture takes place
Map this on the board In what climate is this type mostly prevalent? Other than climate, why is this type of agriculture
here? Think historical, political, economic or cultural
reasons why
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