stress and the brain 1

Paul D. MacLean

An interest in the brain requires no justification other than a curiosity to know why we are here, what we are doing here, and where we are going

Chest painsBackachesUrinary frequencyMuscle spasmMemory lossPanic attacksConstipationDiarrheaInsomnia

胸口痛背痛小便頻密肌肉抽搐失憶驚慌病便秘肚瀉失眠

受壓徵兆

頭痛吞嚥問題作嘔胃灼熱胃打結頸痛慢性疲勞頭暈

HeadachesSwallowing problemsNauseaCold sweatsStomach knots NeckachesChronic fatiqueDizziness

受壓徵兆

Ulcerative colitisPeptic ulcerIrritable bowel syndromeHyperventilationAsthmaRheumotoid arthritisAllergiesSkin disorders

潰瘍性結腸炎消化性潰瘍應激性腸綜合徵換氣過度哮喘類風濕性關炎敏感皮膚問題

長期受壓

腎上腺素 (adrenaline, epinephrine)

Fight or flight ( 硬鬥或逃避 )

muscle ( 肌肉 )

metabolism新陳代謝

heart beat心跳

breathing呼吸

muscular fatiquedelay

拖延肌肉疲勞

blood supply tobladder & intestine

decrease減少血液到膀肛

及腸胃 circulation血液巡環

cortisol (hydrocortisone)可的素

carbohydrate metabolism

垂體Pituitary gland

垂體Pituitary gland

男性荷爾蒙

Pineal-Pituitary-Hypothalamus

Melatonin

體溫、口渴、肚餓、飲食、水份、平衡、睡眠、情緒。

主要壓力器官Major stress hormoneorgan

Body temperature, thirst,hunger, eatingwater, balance,sleep, emotion

Pituitary glands

垂體

vasopressin加壓素

TTH促甲狀腺激素

ACTH促腎上腺皮層

激素

ACTH促腎上腺皮層

激素

adrenal cortex腎上腺皮層

adrenaline(ephinephrine)

腎上腺素

fight

flight

fright

noradrenaline(norepinephrine)

Pituitary glands

垂體

noradrenaline(norepinephrine)

adrenaline (ephinephrine)

腎上腺素

Pituitary glands

垂體 去甲腎上腺素

胃、肛門、十二指腸Stomach, Anus,Duodenum

新陳代謝metabolism

急躁Edgy

肌肉鬆Muscle

VitaminsMineralsHormoneAntibodiesProtein

Problems:Glands HormoneImmune SystemBlood PressureUlcer腺收縮荷爾蒙減少免疫系統減弱血壓上升胃酸加增

Pituitary glands

垂體

X

ACTH促腎上腺皮層激素

glucocorticoid : cortisol

(stress hormone)糖皮質激素 : 可的素

腦細胞死亡

過多導致匍萄糖抗氧化

癌症 Cancer心臟病 Heart attack腎病 Kidney problem肝病 Liver problem

Pituitary glands垂體

(Brain cell death)

Glucose drop,antioxidation

• Hans Selye was born in Vienna in 1907. As early as his second year of medical school (1926), he began developing his now-famous theory of the influence of stress on people's ability to cope with and adapt to the pressures of injury and disease

A physician and endocrinologist, Selye also served as a professor and

director of the Institute of Experimental Medicine and Surgery at the

University of Montreal.

• He discovered that patients with a variety of ailments manifested many similar symptoms, which he ultimately attributed to their bodies' efforts to respond to the stresses of being ill. He called this collection of symptoms--this separate stress disease--stress syndrome, or the general adaptation syndrome (GAS).

四通八達

腦幹 ：專心 、不專心Reticular Activating System: Attention

http://www.ahs.uwaterloo.ca/~ranney/painanat.html

• William C. Dement (from The Promise of Sleep, 1999, p. 231)

Sleep deprivation is the most common brain impairment

http://www.driesen.com/myelination_-_cns_&_pns.htm

Myelination -- the key to brain enlargingJesse Conel, 30 年研究腦袋

48 Children with ADHD

* more health and learning problem

Omega 6

Omega 3 DHA

STRESSNormal student

Stress &Hostility

Omega 3

Tomohito Hamazaki, Toyama University, Japan

Depression

AustraliaOmega -6 Omega 3

Belgium

Omega 3 EPA

US

EPA

Depression

UK (cell red blood membrane)

3 Omega (DHA)

• Malnutrition and the Brain• Vitamin and mineral deficiencies can be caused

by: • Starvation • Poor diet • Poor absorption of vitamins and minerals • Damage to the digestive system • Infection • Alcoholism

ListeningListening AllergyAllergy Frequent coldsFrequent colds

ƒ™ÓP +∫•̊L©R C Omega 3≥Ω™o§YDHA, EPA

¨àµ£Àç?i¯ÀThiamin, Niacin, Vit B µ¥

四通八達

小腦：動作順暢、動作不順暢Cerebellum: Sensory coordination

The Brain Science General Research Center, RIKEN, and details concerning it were published in the U.S. journal

"Neuron" issued on April 23. The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN)

discovered that CRF (corticotropine discharging hormone) secreted in the brain due to stress is indispensable for motor learning of the cerebellum.

This discovery clarified for the first time in the world that this hormone participates in the motor learning of the cerebellum, and concretely indicated that motor learning is brought about by stress.

CRF is a peptide (protein having only a slight molecular weight) consisting of 41 pieces of amino acid, and it is secreted from hypothalamus, amygdaloid body and other parts of the brain in response to the stress of a loud sound, fear and anxiety.

Very poor fine motor skills

Very poor gross motor skills

Difficulty imitating movementsTrouble with balance, sequences of movements and bilateral coordination

• Sensory Seeking • Hyper-activity • Unawareness of touch or pain, or touching others too often

or too hard (may seem aggressive) • Engaging in unsafe behaviors, such as climbing too high • Enjoying sounds that are too loud, such as TV or radio

volume

Sensory Avoiding • Responding to being touched with aggression

or withdrawal • Afraid of, or becomes sick with movement

and heights • Very cautious and unwilling to take risks

or try new things • Uncomfortable in loud or busy environments

such as sports events, malls • Very picky eater and/or overly sensitive

to food smells

四通八達

小腦：動作順暢、動作不順暢Cerebellum: Sensory coordination

Seven Emotions and Health

Happy

Anger

Worry

Think

Sad

Scared

Fear

Heart

Liver, Gall

Heart, Kidney

Lung, Spleen

Spleen, Heart

Heart, Gall

Kidney, Qi

Addictions self rejection; lack of loveAllergies who are you allergic to?Asthma over-sensitivity, smoother loveBack problem lack of supportColds confusion, small hurtsConstipation refusing to release old ideasCoughs nervousness, annoyance, criticismCramps tension, holding onDeafness What don’t you want to hear?Diabetes deep sorrow; no sweetness in life

Dr Bill Nelson’s “Mental Causation”

Earache Anger; don’t want to hearSinus problem Irritation to one personShoulder problem Burden bearing; over burdenedSkin problem Threatening the person’s securityStuttering Insecurity. Lack of self expressionThroat problem Repressed anger. Emotional hurt swallowed.Tuberculosis Selfishness. Possessiveness.

Dr Bill Nelson’s “Mental Causation”

In the beginning of my work, I matter-of-In the beginning of my work, I matter-of-factly presumed that emotions were in the factly presumed that emotions were in the head or the brain. Now I would say they head or the brain. Now I would say they are really in the body as well. They are are really in the body as well. They are expressed in the body and are part of the expressed in the body and are part of the body. I can no longer make a strong body. I can no longer make a strong distinction between the brain and the bodydistinction between the brain and the body

Candace PertCandace Pert

Matter can neither be created nor Matter can neither be created nor destroyed, and perhaps destroyed, and perhaps biological information flow biological information flow cannot just disappear at death cannot just disappear at death and must be transformed into and must be transformed into another realm. Who can another realm. Who can rationally say "impossible"?rationally say "impossible"?

Candace PertCandace Pert

"The art of medicine consists of keeping the patient amused while nature heals the disease." (Voltaire)

四通八達

大腦：執行運作、執行運作停頓Cortex: Executive

http://www.serv.net/~only1egg/index.html

Integration of Brain FunctioningIncreased Brain Wave Coherence,Neurological Efficiency, and Learning Ability

http://www.tm.org/sidhi/images/integrated-brain.gif

細胞 cells

molecules

atomselectrons

even compared to our nearest relative, the chimpanzee,with whom our deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) differs by only1 percent, the areas of association cortex are indeed severaltimes greater. It is not surprising that it is these areas ofcortex not directly allocated to controlling movement or toprocessing our senses that are the most intriguing, and at the same time the hardest to understand in terms ofexactly what they do and how they do it.

Susan Greenfield

A large part of association cortex is found at the front of the brain,the prefrontal cortex. …

in growth ; cats 3 percentchimps, 17 percenthuman being 29 percent

四通

受壓細胞變壞的三個階段Under stress: Three stages of cells degeneration

1.警告期 Alarm

2. 適應期 Adapt徵狀消失

Symptomsdisappear

病 sickness癌症 Cancer

有徵狀w/symptoms

3.消耗期Exhaustion

editor of the New England Journal of Medicine, Dr. Franz Ingelfinger, estimated that 85% of all human illnesses are curable by the body’s own healing system.

… the brain is capable of recovery and self-modificationif provided the means.

Richard M Restak

…even though the brain cannot generate new neurons,it does have a remarkable self-generating power.

Richard M Restak

強腦三環3 Rings to

Optimal Brain

腦袋營養 Brain Nutrition

飲食習慣 Eating Habit 營養補給品 Nutritional

Supplement

腦袋減壓 Brain Destress

睡眠習慣 Sleeping Habit

能量改善 Replenish Energy

強化大腦網絡Strengthening the

Neural Network

生活方式 Lifestyle個別跟進 Follow up

My feeling is that there is no scientific reasonto leave spirituality out of medicine. … I havelearned through my own late-twentieth-centuryscience is that the soul, mind, and emotionsdo play an important role in health. What we need is a larger biomedical science to integratewhat was taken out …

Dr Candance Pertat Wellness Conference

If we want to give effective service to our families and our neighbors,as we are commanded to do, we must develop ourselves toour full potential.

We need to enlarge our intellect and perfect our character. We need to become moreChrist-like.

Camilla Kimball

Much unhappiness has been suffered by those people who have never recognized that it is as necessary to make themselves into wholeand harmonious personalities as to keepthemselves clean, healthy, and financiallysolvent.

Wholeness of mind and spirit is not a quality conferred by nature or by God. It is like health and knowledge. We all have the capacity to attain it, but to achieve it depends on our own efforts.

Camillia Kimball

It needs a long, deliberate effort of the mind and theemotions and even the body. …Those who avoid learning or abandon it find that life becomes dry, but when the mind is alert,life is luxuriant.

Camilla Kimball

I love to study; I love to learn. At one time I learned for the sheer pleasure of learning. Now I do it more for the purpose of understanding God’s great creation and my role in it.

Camilla Kimball