show me a pilot that can’t perform a given task, & i’ll show you a pilot that doesn’t:
Post on 04-Jan-2016
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SHOW ME A PILOT THAT CAN’T
PERFORM A GIVEN TASK, & I’LL SHOW YOU A PILOT THAT
DOESN’T:
KNOWUNDERSTAND
APPLYCORRELLATE
WHATHE/SHE
IS TRYING TO“ACCOMPLISH”
BYDIEGO M. ALFONSO SR.
WHAT ISAPPLIED
AERODYNAMICS?
TO BE ABLE TO CORRELATE THE EFFECTS OF THE
AERODYNAMIC FORCES ACTING ON AN AIRCRAFT.
•LEFT OF COURSE
•IFR APPROACHES
•VFR X-COUNTRY
GYROSCOPICEFFECT OF THEPROPELLER
•DEVELOPS A FEEL FOR FLYING.
•THE TWO GROUPS OF PILOTS
ALWAYS CORRECTING FOR THINGS
ALWAYS ANTICIPATING THINGS
KNOWLEDGE OF APPLIED AERODYNAMICS
PERFORMINGCHANDELLESLAZY EIGHTS
EIGHT ON PYLONSGOING THROUGH THE MOTIONS
AIRLINE PILOTS
I AM NOT ANAERODYNAMICIST
I FAILED MATH
NO FANCY EQUATIONS
THIS DISCUSSIONWILL BE
VERY BASIC.APOLOGIES AREIN ORDER FOR THEADVANCED PILOTS.
THIS DISCUSSIONIS BASED ON
SUBSONIC AIRCRAFT.
THE BASICCOMPONENT INAERODYNAMICS
AIRHAS
WEIGHT
THE AIRCRAFT DOES NOT
KNOWS WHERE THE AIR MASS
IS COMING FROM
IT ONLY KNOWSRELATIVE WIND
WEATHERVANING
IF AIRBORNEHOW MUCHRUDDER &AILERONS?
IF AIRBORNEWHICH WAY
WILL ITWEATHERVANE?
IF ON THE GROUNDWHICH WAY
WILL ITWEATHERVANE?
IF ON TAKEOFFHOW MUCHRUDDER &AILERONS?
“LIFT”
THIS DISCUSSION
ASSUMESKNOWLEDGE
OF:
•PARTS OF AN AIRFOIL•RELATIVE WIND•ANGLE OF ATTACK
AIRFOILS
•AIRPLANE WING.
•PROPELLER.
•ROTOR BLADE.
HOW ISLIFT
CREATED?
BERNOULLI'SPRINCIPLE
WHAT’S WRONGWITH THIS PICTURE?
SIR ISAAC NEWTON
LAWS OF MOTION
3.FOR EVERY
ACTION THERE IS AN EQUAL AND
OPPOSITEREACTION
WHY USEBERNOULLI'S PRINCIPLE?
AIR DEFLECTOR
AN AIRFOILIS AN
BASEBALLTENNISGOLF
INDUCED DRAG
THEINSTRUCTOR
CAN’TEXPLAIN
WHAT IS IT?
IT IS THEBYPRODUCT
OF LIFT
LIFT ACTSPERPENDICULAR
TO THE RELATIVEWIND AND THELATERAL AXIS
OF THE AIRPLANE.
“WING”
THE ANGLE BETWEENAVERAGE RELATIVE WIND
ANDTHE REMOTE FREE STREAM
IS TERMEDINDUCED ANGLE OF ATTACK
INDUCED DRAG
INCREASES AT THE WING
TIPS.
GROUNDEFFECT
ALSO KNOWN AS“T EFFECT”
WHAT IS IT?
GROUND INTERFERENCETHAT MODIFIES THE AVERAGE RELATIVE WIND AND SHIFTS THE LIFT VECTOR FORWARD AND CLOSER TO THE VERTICAL
OUT OF GROUND EFFECT
IN GROUND EFFECT
THREE FACTORS ARE AFFECTED BY GROUND EFFECT.•INDUCED RELATIVE WIND.
•DOWNWARD DEFLECTIONOF AIR.
•WING TIP VORTICES.
WHAT DOTHE AILERONS
DO?
THE RUDDERWHAT DOES
IT DO?
WHAT DO THE ELEVATORS
DO?
WHAT DOES THE HORIZONTAL
STABILAZER DO?FORWARD CG
REARWARD CG.
CENTER CG.
WHAT DO THESTABILATOR
DO?
WHAT DOES THE
ANTI-SERVO TAB DO?
THE CLIMB?
WHY APPLYING POWER FIRST
IS NOT RECOMMENDED?
WHAT HAPPENS
WHEN YOU PITCH UP?
A-MORE THAN 2,000 lbs.
B- LESS THAN 2,000 lbs.
C- JUST 2,000 lbs.
WHY DOES THE AIRPLANE
SLOWS DOWN ON A CLIMB?
RECOVERY FROM A CLIMB.
•ATTITUDE•AIRSPEED•POWER•TRIM
IF DESCENDING 60 DEGREES
BANKHOW MANY
G ’S?
OVERBANKINGTENDENCY
LEVEL TURNSSHALLOW BANK
LESS THAN APPROXIMATELY 20°MEDIUM BANK
APPROXIMATELY 20° TO 45°STEEP
45° OR MORE
CLIMBING TURNS
NOTE THEPOSITION OF
THE STICKOR YOKE WHILEIN A STEEP TURN
ADVERSEYAW
HOW TO RECOVER IF LOOSING ALTITUDE
DURING A STEEP TURN?
HOW TO RECOVER IF GAINING ALTITUDE
DURING A STEEP TURN?
WHY?
WHEN IN ADESCENDING
TURN YOU ARENOT PULLING UP,
YOU ARE MAKING A TIGHT TURN.
STALL
AERODYNAMICS
PITCH TO ANATTITUDE THAT WILL
INDUCE A STALL
STALLING AT ASHALLOW ANGLEIN RELATION TO
THE HORIZON
STALLS ARE OURBEST
FRIENDS.
WHAT IS A STALL?
AN AERODYNAMIC RELIEF VALVE
WHY NOSE DOWN FIRST
THEN POWER?
•RECOVERY:
WITHOUT POWER
“TRAINING ONLY”
WHAT HAPPENS IF YOU DON’T
RECOVER
FROM A STALL?
MANEUVERINGSPEED
VA
FACTS ABOUT
VA
WHY IS Va A SLOWER AIRSPEED
WHEN THE AIRPLANE IS
LIGHTER?
TO HAVE A GREATERANGLE OF ATTACK.
INCREASE IN WEIGHT
INCREASES STALL SPEED.
DECREASE IN WEIGHTDECREASESSTALL SPEED.
VA ISHALF THE
LOAD FACTORTIMES VS
THE LOAD FACTOR USED NOW IS 3.8, SO
HALF THE LOAD FACTOR IS 1.9.
THE EQUATION IS 1.9 X VS = VA.
AN A/C @ 3,900 #
STALLS @ 80 MPH
1.9X80MPH=152 MPH
AN A/C @3000 #
STALLS @ 65 MPH
1.9 X 65 = 123 MPH
VS FOR THIS EXAMPLEIS 80 MPH.
1.9 X 80 = 152 MPH.
SLOW FLIGHTSTALL BEFORE
EXCEEDING LOAD
FACTOR
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