seattle’s turbine pumps cheryl capron cheryl capron

SeattleSeattle’’s Turbine s Turbine PumpsPumps

Cheryl Capron Cheryl Capron -- Seattle Public UtilitiesSeattle Public UtilitiesPNWSPNWS--AWWA ConferenceAWWA Conference

May 7, 2009May 7, 2009

OverviewOverview

Seattle SystemSeattle SystemTopographyTopographyConceptConceptOperational NeedsOperational NeedsThe TurbinesThe Turbines

Seattle SystemSeattle System

The Great Seattle FireThe Great Seattle Fire

Courtesy of University of Washington Libraries Digital Collection

Seattle Water Department is BornSeattle Water Department is Born

June 1889 June 1889 –– The Great Seattle Fire destroys 50 The Great Seattle Fire destroys 50 blocks of downtown Seattleblocks of downtown Seattle’’s commercial & s commercial & business district.business district.July 1889 July 1889 –– Voters authorize a bond issue to Voters authorize a bond issue to create a citycreate a city--owned waterworks system.owned waterworks system.

1875 for, 51 against1875 for, 51 against

1901 1901 –– Water is delivered from the Cedar River Water is delivered from the Cedar River to Volunteer and Lincoln Reservoirs.to Volunteer and Lincoln Reservoirs.

TopographyTopography

““Seattle has hills, and to spare. With surface Seattle has hills, and to spare. With surface elevation of Lake Youngs at 498 feet above sea elevation of Lake Youngs at 498 feet above sea level, water incoming from Cedar River is level, water incoming from Cedar River is vented by gravity into reservoirs at surface vented by gravity into reservoirs at surface elevation 430 feet, as is the reservoir on Capitol elevation 430 feet, as is the reservoir on Capitol Hill. Leo Tank on Beacon Hill is supplied by Hill. Leo Tank on Beacon Hill is supplied by gravity, off the pipelines, at elevation 480 feet. gravity, off the pipelines, at elevation 480 feet. So are reservoirs on the West Seattle hills, at So are reservoirs on the West Seattle hills, at elevation 440 feet. elevation 440 feet.

Topography (cont.)Topography (cont.)

““Hydraulic turbines placed on the lines, take Hydraulic turbines placed on the lines, take advantage of the kinetic energy of water advantage of the kinetic energy of water between elevations. Pumps connected to these between elevations. Pumps connected to these units force water to high zone towers and tanks units force water to high zone towers and tanks with overflows of 530 feet above sea level, such with overflows of 530 feet above sea level, such as Queen Anne Hill.as Queen Anne Hill.””

R.H. Calligan, Superintendent of Water, 1893R.H. Calligan, Superintendent of Water, 1893

Topography & Pressure ZonesTopography & Pressure Zones

Pressure Zone Hydraulic ProfilePressure Zone Hydraulic Profile

The ConceptThe Conceptandand

The Operational NeedsThe Operational Needs

Turbine SchematicTurbine Schematic

Operational NeedsOperational Needs

Hills & multiple pressure zonesHills & multiple pressure zones

Stable & adequate suction headStable & adequate suction headOutput varies along with gradient on pipeline supplyOutput varies along with gradient on pipeline supplyTurbine must be shut down if gradient drops too farTurbine must be shut down if gradient drops too far

Vent on supply pipelineVent on supply pipeline

Operational NeedsOperational Needs

Storage or demand for the driveStorage or demand for the drive--water, water, andandStorage or demand in the pumped zoneStorage or demand in the pumped zone

Managing demands can be challengingManaging demands can be challengingAbility to move water out of zones can extend Ability to move water out of zones can extend running timerunning time

The TurbinesThe Turbines

Lincoln Turbine Hydraulic ProfileLincoln Turbine Hydraulic Profile

502

336 326

530

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

Elev

atio

n

Lake Youngs Lincoln Turbine Lincoln Reservoir VolunteerStandpipe

21 MGD

14 MGD

7 MGD

Lincoln TurbineLincoln Turbine

1900 1900 –– two 10x12two 10x12”” Gould Triplex pumps Gould Triplex pumps connected through reducing gears to 90hp connected through reducing gears to 90hp Pelton water wheelsPelton water wheels

Lincoln Turbine 1901 Lincoln Turbine 1901 -- 19311931

Courtesy of Seattle Municipal Archives, 6910 (1929)

Lincoln Turbine 1901 Lincoln Turbine 1901 -- 19311931

Courtesy of Seattle Municipal Archives, 6909 (1929)

Lincoln Turbine 1901 Lincoln Turbine 1901 -- 19311931

Courtesy of Seattle Municipal Archives, 6908 (1929)

Lincoln TurbineLincoln Turbine

1931 1931 –– original units replaced by a 120 hp original units replaced by a 120 hp Worthington 16Worthington 16”” turbine of the reaction type turbine of the reaction type directdirect--connected to a 12x10connected to a 12x10”” single stage double single stage double suction centrifugal pumpsuction centrifugal pump

Lincoln Turbine 1931 Lincoln Turbine 1931 -- PresentPresent

Courtesy of Seattle Municipal Archives, 131318 (2002)

Drive Pump

Green Lake TurbineGreen Lake TurbineHydraulic ProfileHydraulic Profile

430

313 326

530

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

Elev

atio

n

Maple LeafReservoir

Green LakeTurbine

RooseveltReservoir

Maple Leaf Tank

3.8 MGD

2.5 MGD

1.3 MGD

Green Lake TurbineGreen Lake Turbine

Supply Line FromIntermediate Service

Reservoir

Drive

Pump

Direct Coupling

High ServiceStorage

Low ServiceStorage

Remote Control

Ball Valve

25% - 33% offlow into station is

pumped to high service.

66% - 75% offlow into station is

discharged to low service.

To Zone

Green Lake TurbineGreen Lake Turbine

DriveDrive--water line was originally constructed as a water line was originally constructed as a conventional reservoir inlet in 1910conventional reservoir inlet in 1910

Primary reservoir inlet was moved in 1930Primary reservoir inlet was moved in 1930

50 hp DeLaval unit was installed in 1933, 50 hp DeLaval unit was installed in 1933, replacing an electric pump at a savings of $1000 replacing an electric pump at a savings of $1000 a yeara year

Green Lake TurbineGreen Lake TurbineDischarge PipingDischarge Piping

Drive

Pump To Reservoir

To

Zone

Green Lake Turbine Suction PipingGreen Lake Turbine Suction Piping

Green Lake Turbine PumpGreen Lake Turbine Pump

Green Lake Turbine DischargeGreen Lake Turbine Discharge

Courtesy of Seattle Municipal Archives, 149680

Trenton TurbinesTrenton Turbines

1935 1935 ––Trenton Pumping Plant and Trenton Trenton Pumping Plant and Trenton Standpipes enter serviceStandpipes enter service

19941994--95 95 –– Turbine #2 is overhauled after a Turbine #2 is overhauled after a screwdriver left in the reservoir outlet line screwdriver left in the reservoir outlet line during the liner installation was sucked into an during the liner installation was sucked into an impeller.impeller.

Trenton Turbine #1Trenton Turbine #1Hydraulic ProfileHydraulic Profile

502440

344 326

585

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

Elev

atio

n

Lake Youngs West SeattleReservoir

TrentonTurbines

TrentonStandpipes

Myrtle Tanks

7 MGD5.5 MGD

1.5 MGD

Trenton TurbinesTrenton Turbines

Turbine #1Turbine #17 MGD total demand7 MGD total demand1.5 MGD to upper zone1.5 MGD to upper zone5.5 MGD to lower zone5.5 MGD to lower zone

Turbine #2Turbine #221 MGD total demand21 MGD total demand4.3 MGD to upper zone4.3 MGD to upper zone16.7 MGD to lower zone16.7 MGD to lower zone

Trenton 1932Trenton 1932

Courtesy of Seattle Municipal Archives, 5493 (1932)

Trenton 1934Trenton 1934

Courtesy of Seattle Municipal Archives, 7196 (1934)

Trenton #2, 1934Trenton #2, 1934

Courtesy of Seattle Municipal Archives, 7192 (1934)

Trenton #2, 2008Trenton #2, 2008

Trenton #1, 2008Trenton #1, 2008

Suction Piping, Trenton #1Suction Piping, Trenton #1

Pump

Drive

Suction header

Suction Piping Trenton #2Suction Piping Trenton #2

Drive (1 of 2)

Pump

Suction header

Trenton DriveTrenton Drive--water Dischargewater Discharge

2-1 2-21

Header to Trenton SPs

Trenton Pump DischargeTrenton Pump Discharge

Pump discharge Pump discharge piping in piping in foreground.foreground.

DriveDrive--water water discharge piping in discharge piping in background.background.

1 2

Foy TurbineFoy TurbineHydraulic ProfileHydraulic Profile

430

315 300

590

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

Elev

atio

n

Maple LeafReservoir

Foy Pump Station Discharge Foy Standpipe

7 MGD

5.5 MGD

1.5 MGD

Foy TurbineFoy Turbine

Supply Line FromIntermediate Service

Reservoir

Drive

Pump

Direct Coupling

High ServiceStorage

Remote Control

Ball Valve

25% - 33% offlow into station is

pumped to high service.

66% - 75% offlow into station is

discharged to low service.

DischargePoint

(UnknownIn 2009)

Foy Pump StationFoy Pump Station

Built 1933, initially all electric Built 1933, initially all electric By 1935, one pump replaced with turbineBy 1935, one pump replaced with turbineBy 1942 By 1942 –– electric pumps upsizedelectric pumps upsizedReport by W.A. Herrigel in 1952 indicates Foy Report by W.A. Herrigel in 1952 indicates Foy Turbine is still operationalTurbine is still operationalTurbine was likely removed when the Tolt Turbine was likely removed when the Tolt source was brought on line, around 1960source was brought on line, around 1960

Foy Electrics Foy Electrics -- 19331933

Courtesy of Seattle Municipal Archives, 8245

Foy TurbineFoy Turbine

Courtesy of Seattle Municipal Archives, 7204

Foy TurbineFoy Turbine

Courtesy of Seattle Municipal Archives, 7205

Foy TurbineFoy Turbine

Courtesy of Seattle Municipal Archives, 7206

Foy ElectricsFoy Electrics

Courtesy of Seattle Municipal Archives, 50565

Foy ElectricsFoy Electrics

Courtesy of Seattle Municipal Archives, 50567

WhatWhat’’s Inside?s Inside?

Typical LowTypical Low--Head Pump ImpellerHead Pump Impeller

Typical High Head Pump ImpellerTypical High Head Pump Impeller

Turbine Pump ImpellerTurbine Pump Impeller

Turbine Pump ImpellerTurbine Pump Impeller

Turbine Pump DiffuserTurbine Pump Diffuser

Diffuser & Impeller AssemblyDiffuser & Impeller Assembly

Turbine Impeller Turbine Impeller ––Electrical GeneratorElectrical Generator

WhatWhat’’s the Payoff?s the Payoff?

Example of SavingsExample of Savings

Trenton Turbines shut down July 2008Trenton Turbines shut down July 2008West Seattle Reservoir constructionWest Seattle Reservoir construction

Burien PS usage up an average of 35,000 Burien PS usage up an average of 35,000 kWHkWHper monthper month

Burien Burien kWHkWH charges up $1000 charges up $1000 -- $1500 per $1500 per month.month.

585 Zone Electrical Use585 Zone Electrical Use

0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

140,000

160,000

O-06 J-07 A-07 A-07 N-07 F-08 J-08 S-08 D-08 M-09 J-09

kWH

Highland Park Burien

Burien PS Burien PS kWHkWH DollarsDollars

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

$

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

2007 2008 2009

Where Do I Get One?Where Do I Get One?

Sweden, MaybeSweden, Maybe

SPU looked into replacing Lincoln Turbine with SPU looked into replacing Lincoln Turbine with 2 smaller units when the reservoir was down2 smaller units when the reservoir was down--sized. The only potential manufacturer we sized. The only potential manufacturer we found was in Sweden.found was in Sweden.Spare partsSpare parts

We make our own. Patterns are made from existing We make our own. Patterns are made from existing equipment, then parts are cast and machined. equipment, then parts are cast and machined.

Looking to the FutureLooking to the Future

CreditsCredits

University of Washington Libraries Digital University of Washington Libraries Digital CollectionCollection

City of Seattle Municipal Photo ArchivesCity of Seattle Municipal Photo Archives

Seattle Water Department History 1854:1954 Seattle Water Department History 1854:1954 Operational Data and MemorandaOperational Data and Memoranda

Mary McWilliams, published 1955Mary McWilliams, published 1955

Questions?Questions?

Cheryl CapronCheryl Caproncheryl.capron@seattle.govcheryl.capron@seattle.gov

206.386.1265206.386.1265