retinitis pigmentosa 1

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Retinal Diseases

Retinal Detachment Acquired Macular Diseases Herditary Fundus Dystrophy Retinal Vascular Diseases Intraocular Tumours

Retinal Vein Occlusion Symptoms : The visual symptoms can vary in

severity, and are dependent on whether the central retinal vein or a branch retinal vein is involved.

Recovery from a central vein occlusion is much less likely since it affects the macula.

This problem appears equally in males and females It is more common after the age of 60.

Symptoms

Sudden onset Blurred or missing area of vision (if

a branch vein is involved) loss of central vision (if a central

vein is involved)    

Retinal Vein Occlusion 

A obstructed blood vessel, causing hemorrhages in the retina.

Swelling and ischemia (lack of oxygen) of the retina as well as glaucoma are fairly common complications.

Detection and Diagnosis by

ophthalmoscope. Fluorescein

angiography

Treatment

To treat the secondary complications.

LASER The following are common risk

factors for vein occlusion: ·Diabetes ·Hypertension ·Cardiovascular disease  

Retinal Artery Occlusion

Signs and Symptoms

Transient loss of vision prior to the artery occlusion (in some cases)

Retinal Vein Occlusion Symptoms : The visual symptoms can vary in

severity, and are dependent on whether the central retinal vein or a branch retinal vein is involved.

Recovery from a central vein occlusion is much less likely since it affects the macula.

This problem appears equally in males and females

It is more common after the age of 60.

Symptoms

Sudden onset Blurred or missing area of vision (if

a branch vein is involved) loss of central vision (if a central

vein is involved)    

Retinal Vein Occlusion 

A obstructed blood vessel, causing hemorrhages in the retina.

Swelling and ischemia (lack of oxygen) of the retina as well as glaucoma are fairly common complications.

Detection and Diagnosis by

ophthalmoscope. Fluorescein

angiography

Treatment

To treat the secondary complications.

LASER The following are common risk

factors for vein occlusion: ·Diabetes ·Hypertension ·Cardiovascular disease  

Retinal Artery Occlusion

Signs and Symptoms

Transient loss of vision prior to the artery occlusion (in some cases)

Central artery occlusion ·Sudden, painless

and complete loss of vision in one eye

Branch artery occlusion ·Sudden, painless,

partial loss of vision in one eye

Detection and Diagnosis

Artery occlusion is diagnosed by examining the retina with an ophthalmoscope.

Treatment

Unfortunately, there is no treatment that can consistently restore vision lost from an artery occlusion. However, if it is caught within the first hour and treatment is initiated immediately, recovery is possible in rare cases.

The following conditions increase the risk of vessels of the eye:

·Hypertension ·Diabetes ·High cholesterol ·Heart disease ·Arteriosclerosis ·Glaucoma  

Retinal Detachment A retinal

detachment occurs when the retina’s sensory and pigment layers separate.

There are three types of retinal detachments.

Retinal Detachment A retinal detachment occurs when the retina’s sensory and pigment layers separate. There are three types of retinal detachments.

Retinal Detachment:Vitreoretinal Traction

Dynamic traction Static Traction A:Tangential B:Anteroposterior C:Bridging

Retinal Tear and Detachment

Retinal tears commonly occur when there is traction on the retina by the vitreous gel inside the eye.

Signs and Symptoms

·Light flashes ·“Wavy,” or “watery” vision ·Veil or curtain obstructing vision ·Shower of floaters that resemble spots,

bugs, or spider webs ·Sudden decrease of vision

Detection and Diagnosis Retinal detachments are usually

found: calls the doctor’s office critical early, early treatment improve restoring

vision. thoroughly ophthalmoscopy. The macula is responsible for the

central vision. Ultrasound imaging

Treatment

The appropriate treatment depends on the type, severity and location of the detachment.

Pneumatic retinopexy scleral buckle. other types of retinal detachment

surgeries are either inappropriate or unsuccessful,

vitreous gel is removed and replaced

Treatment There are a number of ways to treat retinal detachment. The appropriate treatment depends on the type, severity and location of the detachment. Pneumatic retinopexy scleral buckle. other types of retinal detachment surgeries are either inappropriate or unsuccessful,The vitreous gel is removed and replaced with silicone oil.

What we can do What you can do… Early detection Awareness of vision ٍٍٍٍPPPPhigher-risk group nearsighted or diabetic.P Compare the vision of your eyes daily Notify your doctor immediately if notice any of the

following: An obstruction of peripheral vision (veil, shadow, or

curtain) Sudden shower of floaters Light flashes Spider webs

Retinitis pigmentosa

Diagnosed during childhood when the symptoms begin to become apparent.

  However, depending on the progression of the disease, it may not be detected until later in life.

Retinitis pigmentosa Signs and Symptoms Difficulty seeing dim

lighting Tendency to trip easily or

bump into objects when in poor lighting

Gradual loss of peripheral vision

Glare Loss of contrast sensitivity Eye fatigue (from straining

to see)  

Signs and Symptoms Difficulty seeing dim lighting Tendency to trip easily or bump into objects when in poor lighting Gradual loss of peripheral vision Glare Loss of contrast sensitivity Eye fatigue (from straining to see)  

Detection and Diagnosis

Retinitis pigmentosa is usually diagnosed before adulthood. 

often the patient complains of difficultly with night vision. 

The diagnoses by examining the retina with an ophthalmoscope

The classic sign of RP "bone-spicules.“

Electroretinography (ERG). 

Treatment There is currently no standard treatment

or therapy for retinitis pigmentosa; however, scientists have isolated several

genes responsible for the disease.  Once RP is discovered, patients and their

families are encouraged to seek genetic counseling.

Current Research 

Scientists at Johns Hopkins University are developing a micro-computer chip prosthesis called the Multiple-unit Artificial Retina Chipset (MARC).

  Once implanted in the retina, the chip transmits images to the brain that are captured from a small camera mounted on the patient's glasses. 

The chip is still in development and is not yet available for widespread use.

Doctors continue to search for treatments for RP but have yet to find a cure.

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