renaissance

RenaissancePeriod of rebirth in Europe

that originated in Italy and eventually spread to Northern kingdoms. The years from 1330 to 1530

were marked by humanism and

secularism.Pg 338

Humanism• Revival of the classics• Use of old Latin and learning

Aristotle, Ptolemy, Galen, et cetera

Types of Humanism: Humanism, Civic Humanism, Northern/Christian Humanism

Pg 349

Key Humanists

Italian

•Petrarch (pg 349)

•Bruni (pg 351)

•Valla (pg 352)

•Facino (pg 352)

•Mirandola (pg 352)

•Machiavelli (pg 348)

Northern

•Erasmus (pg 374)

•More (pg 375)

Secularism

Secularism

“How beautiful is youth

How fast it flies away

Youths and maids-enjoy today

Of tomorrow, nothing is certain”

Lorenzo de’ Medici

Pg 349

I. Renaissance: GeneralA.Renaissance

– Cultural Rebirth– Classical texts rediscovered and

emulated (Humanism)– Began in Italy– Northern Renaissance followed

B. High Renaissance in Italy–1450-1530*

–Rome was center of artistic innovation

–Popes commissioned paintings,

sculptures,

and architecture

C. End of Renaissance in Italy–Internal political turmoil in

Italian city-states (pg 344-346)

–Italy ravaged by foreign invaders beginning in 1494 (pg 346-347)

–French then Spanish domination

–By 1530, city-states unable to support artistic glories

Also…–Exploration and colonization Began

–Ended Mediterranean’s role of European prosperity

–Spain emerged as the most powerful

D. Northern Renaissance–Artistic, humanist, and secular

renaissance attributes spread North to France, Spain, and England

–Elizabethan Age (1558-1603) in England marked the end of the Northern Renaissance

II. Renaissance: Economic

A.Black Death • Hanseatic League (pg 339)

• Italian Recovery

B. Location: Mediterranean Sea• Helped

• Turks a problem

C. Industries• Wool

• Trade in luxuries: silk, glassware, gems

• Printing, metallurgy, mining

D. Florence: Center of Ren. until late 1400’s (pg 345)

• Wool Trade

• Medici Bankers

• Medici declined in late 1400’s

• Rome will take Florence’s place as leader

E. Internal warfare and outside involvement in late 1400’s led to decline of wealth and opportunity

F. Opening of the Atlantic in the late 1400’s and early 1500’s reduced Mediterranean Sea as center of the economic ‘trade’ world

G. Economic drain meant artistic glories could no longer be supported

III. Renaissance: Social

A.Social Classes (pg 341)• Fundamental Structure (France):

1st Estate (Clergy) 2nd Estate (Nobility) 3rd Estate (Commoner)

B. Italy experienced some ‘adaptations’

Popolo Grasso“The Fat People”

Mediocri“The Middling Sort”

Popolo Minuto“The Little People”

Ritualized EtiquetteRitualized EtiquetteDistinguished the diverse levels of society

iIllustrissima

“Nothing in the world pleases me more

than your commands”

C. Characteristics of Nobility changed:• Education important

• Certain skills and qualities expected The Courtier by Castiglione Virtú

D. Social Mobility among 3rd Estate• Money economy allowed some social

movement (guild ‘hierarchy’)

• Serfs largely free in West Europe/Italy

• ‘Patricians’ (capitalistic enterprises) consolidate wealth

E. Slavery (pg 342)• Serfs freed: want free labor…

• Ethnicity of slaves varied

• Practice grew unpopular in time

• Dark-skinned Africans were a curiosity, so many were kept as slaves well after humanitarian movements outlawed the practice

F. Renaissance family and the role of Women (pg 342-344)

• Women did not enjoy a ‘Renaissance’

• Arranged marriages for economic and political gain meant men sought ‘pleasure’ outside the home Prostitution/courtesans a necessary vice

• Women regulated to home-life and prayer On Family by Alberti

Exception to the Rule:Some women managed to find power/influence

(pg 346)

Battista SforzaIsabella d’Este

(probably the most famous)

To some degree, high dollar courtesans may be somewhat educated

IV. Renaissance: Politics

A.Constitutional Oligarchies

B. Hereditary Despots

C. Special Committees

D.Military Ethos

E. Papal States

(Pgs 344-348)

Van Eyck

Van Eyck Mystic Adoration of the Lamb

Ghent Altar Piece

Botticelli: Birth of Venus

Van Eyck

Arnolfini

Wedding

Michelangelo’s

David

Bottecelli

Leonardo daVinci