regulatory and standardization issues on cognitive radio

Regulatory and Standardization Issues

on Cognitive Radio based

Maritime B-VHF Communications

Eduardo Bolas, Nuno Borges de Carvalho, José Neto Vieira, Paulo Mónica de Oliveira

Eduardo Bolas

Outline

Maritime Communications

MMS Spectrum Status

CR based B-VHF – Overcoming Spectrum Scarcity

New Paradigms for Regulatory Roles

Regulatory and Standardization Issues

Concluding Remarks

Eduardo Bolas

Maritime Communications

Eduardo Bolas

Maritime B-VHF Communications System

Significant world sailing activity occurs within

40 miles from cost line

Worldwide shore-based VHF infrastructures supporting

voice and low rate services

No alternatives to SATCOM for Broadband Services

Eduardo Bolas

Maritime Mobile Service Spectrum Status

Eduardo Bolas

ITU - Radio Regulations Appendix 18

Coastal Transmitting Frequencies

Ship Transmitting Frequencies

01

(a)

60

(a)

02

(a)

61

(a)

03

(a)

62

(a)

04

(a)

63

(a)

05

(a)

64

(a)

06

(b)

65

(a)

07

(a)

66

(a)

08

(b)

67

(b)

160.625 MHz

09

(b)

68 10

(b)

69

(b)

1170

(c)

1271 13

(b)

72

(b)

73

(b)

7414 75

(c)

15

(b)

76

(c)

16

(c)

17

(b)

77

(b)

78

(a)

18

(a)

79

(a)

19

(a)

80

(a)

20

(a)

81

(a)

21

(a)

82

(a)

22

(a)

23

(a)

83

(a)

84

(a)

24

(a)

85

(a)

25

(a)

86

(a)

26

(a)

27

(a)

28

(a)

87 88

Note 1

156.275 MHz

160.950 MHz

157.425 MHz (Note 2)156.875 MHz

156.375 MHz157.375 MHz (Note 2)

Each channel is spaced by 25 kHz

*

160.900 MHz (Note 3) 161.500MHz

156.025 MHz

161.975 MHz (Note 2)

162.025 MHz (Note 2)

AIS

1

AIS

2

= one frequency channel – exclusive to maritime mobile – distress, safety and calling nn = two frequency channel nn = one frequency channel nn

Except for Channel 16 (156.80 MHz) and channel 70 (156.525 MHz) and channels 75 and 76 (which are retained as guard bands around channel 16),

None of the other channels are exclusively allocated to the MMS!

156 – 174 MHz

Eduardo Bolas

MMS Allocated Spetrum in Portugal

What about spectrum for B-VHF…?

Eduardo Bolas

Spectrum Availability & Management

Eduardo Bolas

Cognitive Radio

“A radio or system that senses its operational electromagnetic environment and can dynamically and autonomously adjust its radio operating parameters to modify system operation, such as maximize throughput, mitigate interference, facilitate interoperability, access secondary markets.”

Joseph Mitola III

Eduardo Bolas

Cognitive Radio based B-VHF Overcoming Spectrum Scarcity

Eduardo Bolas

Cognitive Radio

Existing Shore-based

VHF infrastructure

Multicarrier

Modulation Schemes

Take advantage of available technologies…

Eduardo Bolas

…to build up unavailable solutions!

Designated Spectra Spectrum Sensing

Frequency

Primary Users = Assigned Services

Secondary Users = Broadband VHF

Eduardo Bolas

It is not trivial, but…

Available Spectra

NC-OFDM Techniques

Cognitive Radio

Maturity

Impact on Incumbents

Regulatory Issues

Eduardo Bolas

…it is not impossible, as well!

Eduardo Bolas

New Paradigms for Regulatory Roles

Eduardo Bolas

Spectrum Allocation Strategy

Efficient Allocations

Fear of Harmful

Interference

Interference Prevention

Inefficient Allocations

DSA

Static

Eduardo Bolas

Spectrum Allocation Strategy

Efficient Allocations

Fear of Harmful

Interference

Interference Prevention

Inefficient Allocations

DSA

Static

Eduardo Bolas

Back to Foundations…

Current Regulatory Framework

Future Regulatory Framework

Promote

Efficient Use of

Spectrum

Enforce QoS of

Spectrum Users

Remove Barriers

throughout

Telecomms

Sector

Support

Telecomms

Business

(…)

Eduardo Bolas

Regulatory and Standardization Issues

Eduardo Bolas

Challenges...

Transition Plan

Incumbent Harmful Protection

International Coordination Current Regulatory

Framework Future Regulatory

Framework

Eduardo Bolas

Incumbent Harmful Protection

Eduardo Bolas

QoS Assurance

Maximization of Usable Capacity Interference

Abolition Interference

Tolerance

Interference is allowed,

but…

No interference…

Trust on Regulators practices…

Trust on Secondary behavior…?!

QoS Enforcement Auditing ?

Eduardo Bolas

QoS Enforcement

Descentralized

Spectrum

Access Control

Difficut to

Register & Log

Opportunistic

Users

Identification, classification and Localization of Spectrum Users

Control Interference Levels

Assure Incumbents Rights

Conciliate Demands

Interference

is Allowed...

Metrics Definition

Equipment Certification

Eduardo Bolas

Primary’s Side…

Acceptable

Level of

Interference

Evaluation

Metrics ?

Eduardo Bolas

Secondary’s Side…

Normalization

Detection of Primary Activity

(start/stop momentums)

Sense While Use

the Spectrum

Spectrum Sensing

Evaluation Metrics ?

Sensing Periods

Between

Transmissions ?

Eduardo Bolas

Equipment Certification

Primary-Secondary Users’ Confidence

Relationships

Secondary: Guidance &

Assistance to avoid harmful interference

Primary: Demand for

Support of live operations

Regulation

Enforcement

Eduardo Bolas

Operational Caveats

a

Metrics

Thresholds

Reference Values

Common

Understanding of

Criteria for:

Operational Requirements

Spectrum Access Conditions

(Primary/Secondary) Users Relationships

Regulatory Authority Roles

Eduardo Bolas

Primary Operational Metrics

Spectrum

Sensing

Inaccuracy

Outage Probability Achievable Capacity

Raise Noise

Floor

Density of

Secondaries

Eduardo Bolas

Secondary Operational Metrics

Spectrum

Sensing

Performance

Maximum

Achievable Capacity

Primary

Services

Activity

Channel State

Estimation

Eduardo Bolas

Transition Plan

Eduardo Bolas

Spiral Development

Applied Spectrum

Co

gn

itiv

e M

atu

rity

Implement

Test Evaluate

Design

Eduardo Bolas

Where to search the opportunities?

Eduardo Bolas

Evolution on MMS

Applied Spectrum

Co

gn

itiv

e M

atu

rity

Pilot testing on “New technologies”

allocated channels (DSA on assigned bands)

MMS assigned channels for voice

(secondary data on primary voice channels)

Build a little, test a little…

Eduardo Bolas

International Coordination & Harmozization

Eduardo Bolas

ITU - Radio Regulations Article 5

None of the 156-174 MHz channels are exclusively allocated to MMS

Each National Regulatory Authority can choose which service(s) to license in the band, given that the degree of compatibility between services shall be taken into consideration to minimize harmful interference

National Regulatory Authority can allow frequency bands to be used for other services, providing that do not cause harmful interference to any service which is operating under an allocation in the Radio Regulations

Ex: FCC published (2004) framework, evolving towards DSA in large parts of spectrum

Eduardo Bolas

Concluding Remarks

Eduardo Bolas

Paradigm Shift is Inevitable…

Interest on Maritime VHF based broadband services

DSA and CR are pointed as decisive strategies to increase efficiency of electromagnetic radio spectrum usage and overcome its scarcity

Current regulatory framework it is not only inadequate for emerging radio concepts and technologies, but also a potential barrier to its deployment

No room for “big bang” approaches. It is necessary to prepare transition phases comprehensively documented, discussed and communicated

Role of Regulatory Agencies is crucial in the new dynamic and “quasi-chaotic” environment...

Regulatory and Standardization Issues

on Cognitive Radio based

Maritime B-VHF Communications

Eduardo Bolas, Nuno Borges de Carvalho, José Neto Vieira, Paulo Mónica de Oliveira

Obrigado!