regulatory and standardization issues on cognitive radio
TRANSCRIPT
Regulatory and Standardization Issues
on Cognitive Radio based
Maritime B-VHF Communications
Eduardo Bolas, Nuno Borges de Carvalho, José Neto Vieira, Paulo Mónica de Oliveira
Eduardo Bolas
Outline
Maritime Communications
MMS Spectrum Status
CR based B-VHF – Overcoming Spectrum Scarcity
New Paradigms for Regulatory Roles
Regulatory and Standardization Issues
Concluding Remarks
Eduardo Bolas
Maritime Communications
Eduardo Bolas
Maritime B-VHF Communications System
Significant world sailing activity occurs within
40 miles from cost line
Worldwide shore-based VHF infrastructures supporting
voice and low rate services
No alternatives to SATCOM for Broadband Services
Eduardo Bolas
Maritime Mobile Service Spectrum Status
Eduardo Bolas
ITU - Radio Regulations Appendix 18
Coastal Transmitting Frequencies
Ship Transmitting Frequencies
01
(a)
60
(a)
02
(a)
61
(a)
03
(a)
62
(a)
04
(a)
63
(a)
05
(a)
64
(a)
06
(b)
65
(a)
07
(a)
66
(a)
08
(b)
67
(b)
160.625 MHz
09
(b)
68 10
(b)
69
(b)
1170
(c)
1271 13
(b)
72
(b)
73
(b)
7414 75
(c)
15
(b)
76
(c)
16
(c)
17
(b)
77
(b)
78
(a)
18
(a)
79
(a)
19
(a)
80
(a)
20
(a)
81
(a)
21
(a)
82
(a)
22
(a)
23
(a)
83
(a)
84
(a)
24
(a)
85
(a)
25
(a)
86
(a)
26
(a)
27
(a)
28
(a)
87 88
Note 1
156.275 MHz
160.950 MHz
157.425 MHz (Note 2)156.875 MHz
156.375 MHz157.375 MHz (Note 2)
Each channel is spaced by 25 kHz
*
160.900 MHz (Note 3) 161.500MHz
156.025 MHz
161.975 MHz (Note 2)
162.025 MHz (Note 2)
AIS
1
AIS
2
= one frequency channel – exclusive to maritime mobile – distress, safety and calling nn = two frequency channel nn = one frequency channel nn
Except for Channel 16 (156.80 MHz) and channel 70 (156.525 MHz) and channels 75 and 76 (which are retained as guard bands around channel 16),
None of the other channels are exclusively allocated to the MMS!
156 – 174 MHz
Eduardo Bolas
MMS Allocated Spetrum in Portugal
What about spectrum for B-VHF…?
Eduardo Bolas
Spectrum Availability & Management
Eduardo Bolas
Cognitive Radio
“A radio or system that senses its operational electromagnetic environment and can dynamically and autonomously adjust its radio operating parameters to modify system operation, such as maximize throughput, mitigate interference, facilitate interoperability, access secondary markets.”
Joseph Mitola III
Eduardo Bolas
Cognitive Radio based B-VHF Overcoming Spectrum Scarcity
Eduardo Bolas
Cognitive Radio
Existing Shore-based
VHF infrastructure
Multicarrier
Modulation Schemes
Take advantage of available technologies…
Eduardo Bolas
…to build up unavailable solutions!
Designated Spectra Spectrum Sensing
Frequency
Primary Users = Assigned Services
Secondary Users = Broadband VHF
Eduardo Bolas
It is not trivial, but…
Available Spectra
NC-OFDM Techniques
Cognitive Radio
Maturity
Impact on Incumbents
Regulatory Issues
Eduardo Bolas
…it is not impossible, as well!
Eduardo Bolas
New Paradigms for Regulatory Roles
Eduardo Bolas
Spectrum Allocation Strategy
Efficient Allocations
Fear of Harmful
Interference
Interference Prevention
Inefficient Allocations
DSA
Static
Eduardo Bolas
Spectrum Allocation Strategy
Efficient Allocations
Fear of Harmful
Interference
Interference Prevention
Inefficient Allocations
DSA
Static
Eduardo Bolas
Back to Foundations…
Current Regulatory Framework
Future Regulatory Framework
Promote
Efficient Use of
Spectrum
Enforce QoS of
Spectrum Users
Remove Barriers
throughout
Telecomms
Sector
Support
Telecomms
Business
(…)
Eduardo Bolas
Regulatory and Standardization Issues
Eduardo Bolas
Challenges...
Transition Plan
Incumbent Harmful Protection
International Coordination Current Regulatory
Framework Future Regulatory
Framework
Eduardo Bolas
Incumbent Harmful Protection
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QoS Assurance
Maximization of Usable Capacity Interference
Abolition Interference
Tolerance
Interference is allowed,
but…
No interference…
Trust on Regulators practices…
Trust on Secondary behavior…?!
QoS Enforcement Auditing ?
Eduardo Bolas
QoS Enforcement
Descentralized
Spectrum
Access Control
Difficut to
Register & Log
Opportunistic
Users
Identification, classification and Localization of Spectrum Users
Control Interference Levels
Assure Incumbents Rights
Conciliate Demands
Interference
is Allowed...
Metrics Definition
Equipment Certification
Eduardo Bolas
Primary’s Side…
Acceptable
Level of
Interference
Evaluation
Metrics ?
Eduardo Bolas
Secondary’s Side…
Normalization
Detection of Primary Activity
(start/stop momentums)
Sense While Use
the Spectrum
Spectrum Sensing
Evaluation Metrics ?
Sensing Periods
Between
Transmissions ?
Eduardo Bolas
Equipment Certification
Primary-Secondary Users’ Confidence
Relationships
Secondary: Guidance &
Assistance to avoid harmful interference
Primary: Demand for
Support of live operations
Regulation
Enforcement
Eduardo Bolas
Operational Caveats
a
Metrics
Thresholds
Reference Values
Common
Understanding of
Criteria for:
Operational Requirements
Spectrum Access Conditions
(Primary/Secondary) Users Relationships
Regulatory Authority Roles
Eduardo Bolas
Primary Operational Metrics
Spectrum
Sensing
Inaccuracy
Outage Probability Achievable Capacity
Raise Noise
Floor
Density of
Secondaries
Eduardo Bolas
Secondary Operational Metrics
Spectrum
Sensing
Performance
Maximum
Achievable Capacity
Primary
Services
Activity
Channel State
Estimation
Eduardo Bolas
Transition Plan
Eduardo Bolas
Spiral Development
Applied Spectrum
Co
gn
itiv
e M
atu
rity
Implement
Test Evaluate
Design
Eduardo Bolas
Where to search the opportunities?
Eduardo Bolas
Evolution on MMS
Applied Spectrum
Co
gn
itiv
e M
atu
rity
Pilot testing on “New technologies”
allocated channels (DSA on assigned bands)
MMS assigned channels for voice
(secondary data on primary voice channels)
Build a little, test a little…
Eduardo Bolas
International Coordination & Harmozization
Eduardo Bolas
ITU - Radio Regulations Article 5
None of the 156-174 MHz channels are exclusively allocated to MMS
Each National Regulatory Authority can choose which service(s) to license in the band, given that the degree of compatibility between services shall be taken into consideration to minimize harmful interference
National Regulatory Authority can allow frequency bands to be used for other services, providing that do not cause harmful interference to any service which is operating under an allocation in the Radio Regulations
Ex: FCC published (2004) framework, evolving towards DSA in large parts of spectrum
Eduardo Bolas
Concluding Remarks
Eduardo Bolas
Paradigm Shift is Inevitable…
Interest on Maritime VHF based broadband services
DSA and CR are pointed as decisive strategies to increase efficiency of electromagnetic radio spectrum usage and overcome its scarcity
Current regulatory framework it is not only inadequate for emerging radio concepts and technologies, but also a potential barrier to its deployment
No room for “big bang” approaches. It is necessary to prepare transition phases comprehensively documented, discussed and communicated
Role of Regulatory Agencies is crucial in the new dynamic and “quasi-chaotic” environment...
Regulatory and Standardization Issues
on Cognitive Radio based
Maritime B-VHF Communications
Eduardo Bolas, Nuno Borges de Carvalho, José Neto Vieira, Paulo Mónica de Oliveira
Obrigado!