reducing ncd deaths from air pollution & eh risks...air pollution low and middle income cities...
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Reducing NCD deaths from air
pollution & EH risks
Through actions at country city and
household level
Department of Public Health
Environmental and Social Determinants of Health
Key messages for mini-campaign
2
Some 8 million NCD deaths annually are due
to environmental health risks
• Among those EH risks, Air pollution is now the biggest
• 7 million people per year die from air pollution related
diseases.
• Air pollution, traditionally thought of as an environmental
issue, has become an urgent public health crisis.
PM<10mm – Coarse
PM<2.5mm – Fine
PM<1mm – Ultrafine
Medgadget .com
Air Pollution is now the major EH risk to health
Particles smaller than 2.5mm penetrate deep into the lungs and effect the body more systematically leading to diseases like stroke, heart disease, in addition to the cancers, COPD and pneumonia/URLI.
Air pollution impacts- similar to tobacco smoke
Lungs exposed to tobacco and to Indoor air pollution
Pathology slides - Courtesy Prof. Saldiva, São Paulo, Brazil
Currently public health programmes to
reduce NCDs consider only other
major risk factors:
• Tobacco
• Physical inactivity
• Diet (fat, sugar, fiber…)
• Excess use of alcohol
One third STROKE
One third LUNG CANCER
One third COPD
One –quarter heart disease
AP Sources also cause
Physical inactivity – linked to overweight – hypertension -
diabetes
Injuries
Need to consider NCD deaths
globally due to AP
Costs: Trillions of U$ dollars
Health Sector
Response: World
Health Assembly
Resolution on Air
Pollution and Health
Work with other sectors to
prevent AP-related diseases
& obtain health co-benefits
Road Map for an
Enhanced Global
Response
adopted today
Action: implementing the road map
To equip the health sector to work with other
sectors so as to prevent AP-related diseases
& obtain health co-benefits, through:
– Expanding the knowledge base
– Monitoring and reporting
– Global leadership and coordination
– Institutional capacity strengthening
Where exposure to AP is
largest: the home and the city
Road Map for an Enhanced Global Response adopted today
Global population relying on clean and
polluting fuels from 1980 to 2014
Global access to electricity and clean
fuels from 2010 to 2012
Electri
city
Clean
Cooking
Fuels
Rural,
21% Rural,
3%
Urban,
79% Urban,
97%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Top 25 LMICs by population relying on
kerosene as main lighting fuel
Ambient Air Pollution - CITIES
8% increase in air pollution over 5 years
(WHO 2016, 3000 cities database)
Air Pollution Low and Middle Income Cities is Getting Worse
Trend in PM2.5 or PM10 based on cities available in several versions of the database, by region1.
Region Trend over the mean
period 2008-20132
Africa (Sub-Saharan) NA
America, LMI
America, HI
Eastern Mediterranean, LMI
Eastern Mediterranean, HI
Europe, LMI
Europe, HI
South-East Asia
Western Pacific, LMI
Western Pacific, HI
World3
1 Criteria for inclusion: cities with measured PM2.5 or PM10 values in the three database versions covering a period of 3 years or more, or in two versions and covering a period of 4 years or more. 2 : No more than 5% change over the five-year period; : More than 5% decrease over the five-year period; : More than 5% increase over the five-year period. 3 The mean for the World is based on weighting by regional urban population.
LMI: Low- and middle-income countries; HI: High-income; NA: Not available. Results are based on 795 cities and are to be interpreted with caution, as 1) cities included might not ensure representativeness, 2) yearly variations due for example to climatic changes can be important and 3) a 5-year comparison does not necessarily represent trends, in particular when changes are limited.
New estimates on exposure to AP and BOD for countries and the world Upcoming 2016
Improved modelling
using data integration:
Satellite sensing,
chemical transport
model and ground
measurements
Modelled AAP exposure, Iran, 2015 (draft
for country consultation)
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