product analysis tea

Product analysis - TEA

Presented by,V. Pradeep Pravin Kumar(11AD29)

R. Sasipriya(11AD36)

Tea processing methods

Two methods:

• CTC (Crush, Tear and Curl)

- Tea prepared is used for tea bags

Orthodox method:

- Includes withering, drying etc

Tea processingPLUCKING

• Tea leaves are plucked twice in a year usually during early spring and early summer seasons• Hand picking – high quality, machine picking – low quality

WITHERING

• To remove excess water by putting tea leaves either under sun or cool breeze• Leaves lose quarter of their weight and leaf proteins are broken down into amino acids

DISRUPTION

• Tea leaves are bruised or torn to promote oxidation• It also releases some of the leaf juices which may change the taste profile of the tea

OXIDATION

• Tea leaves are left on their own in a climate controlled room where they turn progressively darker• Oxidation determines the tea color, strength, briskness and taste(Oolong – 5% -to 40%, black – 100%)

FIXATION

• To stop the tea leaf oxidation at a desired level• Tea leaves are heated moderately to deactivate their oxidative enzymes

YELLOWING

• (Unique to yellow tea) Tea leaves are lightly heated in a closed container so that the leaves turn yellow• The leaves are sweltered for 6-8 hours which help in chemical reactions of amino acids

ROLLING

• The damp tea leaves are rolled into strips to make some essential oils and juice to ooze out• They are then rolled into other shapes

DRYING

• Drying is done by panning, sunning, air drying or baking• Baking is commonly used and is very important for green tea

AGING

• Second fermentation is done to make the tea reach their drinking potential• Flavored teas are manufactured in this stage by spraying the tea with aromas and flavours

Types of tea and their processing

Composition of tea• Polyphenols – has antioxidizing properties

o Nonoxidized tea like green tea – has more catechins(simple flavanoids),

oxidized tea – different forms of flavanoids like theaflavins and thearubigins

• Tannins – polyphenol molecules

• Nonoxidized tea – rich in vitamin A, B and C, oxidized tea – has only less

vitamins

• Minerals in tea are

o fluor (prevents cavities action)

o Selenium (prevents heart diseases)

o Zinc (fights indigestions and skin infections)

• Carotene in tea - help reduce cholesterol and BP

• Glycosides - prevent blood sugar increase

• Caffeine

Why is tea good for health???• Antioxidants in green tea increase body’s ability to burn fat

as fuel and thus aids weight loss

• Drinking tea can help reduce the risk of heart attack

• Antioxidants in tea helps in protecting against cancer

• Drinking tea reduces the risk of Parkinson’s disease

• Tea could keep waist circumference in check!!!!!

• Green tea has been found to increase the bone mineral

density and strength

Some bad effects of drinking tea• Drinking more tea can cause osteofluorosis (because of fluorides)

• Drinking tea often can cause alzheimer’s disease (because of

aluminium)

• Drinking tea in large quantities can cause insomnia

• Tea contains “oxalate” that is harmful to kidneys and can result in

stone formation

• Drinking tea very hot can cause esophageal cancer

• Drinking tea hot can affect teeth and gums’ health

Milk tea – good or bad???

• According to a study conducted at University of Berlin:

o Milk protein called caseins reduces the efficiency of tea

compound called catechin (which protects heart from diseases)

o Adding 50 gms of milk per cup of tea reduces insulin activity

by 90%

o Adding milk reduces the antioxidant properties of tea

Common adulterants and tests to identify the adulterants

• Added color – by spreading tea leaves on wet filter paper,

added colors can be identified

• Iron flakes – Iron flakes if present can be identified by

spreading magnet over a sample of tea powder

• Leather flakes – An odour of burnt leather will be emitted if a

sample is spread over burning paper ball

• Coal tar dye - On a moistened white blotting paper scatter a

little amount of the sample. Remove the sample and examine

the paper after 5min. Colored spots indicate the use of the coal

tar dye

Popular tea brands in Indian market• Tata tea• Society tea• Duncan’s double diamond tea• Brooke bond red label tea• Taj Mahal tea• Wagh Bakri tea• Lipton tea• Tetley tea• Marvel tea• Pataka tea

Popular brands in our market

Criteria for grading

• Sourcing of tea leaves (15) • Health and nutrition levels of the product (25)• Quality (25) - process - Ingredients and additives• Sustainability of the operations (15) - energy consumption• CSR activities by the company (20)

Sourcing of tea leaves• Own plantations• Sustainable sourcing

Chakra go ld

8

Red label

10

3 Roses

10

Taj Mahal

10

Lipton

14

AVT

7

-own plantations but not sustainable

- sourcing from all over the world, moving towards sustainable sourcing

- sourcing from all over the world, moving towards sustainable sourcing

- global sourcing, moving towards sustainability

- Mostly from own sustainable plantations

- Own plantations and primarily through auctions

Health and nutrition levels of the product

Taj Mahal tea Tajmahal tea

Health and nutrition levels of the product (Contd.,)

Chakra go ld

0

Red label

0

3 Roses

0

Taj Mahal

0

Lipton

0

AVT

0

Didn’t mention the nutrition facts in the pack

Quality

• Process• Ingredients and additives

Chakra go ld

13

Red label

17

3 Roses

17

Taj Mahal

19

Lipton

22

AVT

10

-in house process- There are complaints that colors are added

- better taste and strength

-better color, strength and flavor

-high quality leaves are used- Best among other HUL tea

-Sustainable sourcing improves quality

-Low quality tea powder used

Sustainability in the operationsChakra gold

5

Red label

12

3 Roses

12

Taj Mahal

12

Lipton

14

AVT

5

- No evident sustainable practices

•Has reduced water consumption in its plants.•Has reduced Green house gas emissions by 15% in its plants•Has adopted plastic recycling in its plants

- No evident sustainable practices

CSR ActivitiesChakra gold

(13)

Red label

(16)

3 Roses

(16)

Taj Mahal

(16)

Lipton

(16)

AVT

(18)

• Tata Global Beverages operates the General Hospital in Munnar

• In 2011, more than 16% of the tea sourced from India for Unilever's brands was from sustainable sources.

• By 2015 they aim to have the tea in all Lipton tea bags sourced from Rainforest Alliance Certified™ estates.

• By 2020 100% of Unilever's tea, including loose tea, will be sustainably sourced.

• Project Shakti

• Cleaning of weeds and waste materials from the Bhavani river banks

• Support 30,000 small and marginal farmers with technology to improve their net farm returns

• Eye Clinic: 40,000 school children were screened

• Free weekly medical check-up and assistance provided to the rural community by doctors

Total RankingFactors Chakra

goldRed label 3 Roses Taj Mahal Lipton AVT

sourcing 8 10 10 10 14 7

Nutrition

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quality13 17 17 19 22 10

sustainability5 12 12 12 14 5

Csr activities 13 16 16 16 16 18

Total(75) 39 45 55 57 66 40

Thank You