organizational behavior meeting-12 · 2020-04-09 · political power and political behavior are...
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Organizational Behavior
School of Communication & BusinessInspiring Creative Innovation
Meeting-12
Organizational Behavior
POWER
AND
POLITIC
Political power and political behavior areinterpreted as a bad thing
However, political power and behavior are naturalprocesses in organizations (which cannot beeliminated)
Political behavior is how power is obtained andimplemented
The Importance of Understanding Power and Politics
Definition of Power
A B
Power
The capacity that a person has (A) to influence the behavior of others (B), so that (B) is willing to do as desired by (A)
Dependency
A dependence (B) to another person (A), because (A) possesses / has something that is desired by (B)
Comparison of Leadership and Power
• Leadership Focus on achieving goals
Requires conformity of purpose with followers
Focus on downward influence
• Research Focus Leadership style and
relationships with followers
• Power Used as equipment/ tools to
reach the target
Requires follower dependency
Used to gain influence laterally and upward
• Research Focus Power tactics for obtaining
compliance.
Fundamentals of Power
Coercive power
Power is based on fear. For examplebecause he / she can: lay off, suspend,demote etc.
Reward Power
Compliance is obtained based on the abilityto provide valuable rewards. For example:salary levels, bonuses, promotions, awards,etc.
1. Formal Power / Position
Formed by individual positions in the organization;display the ability to coerce or reward, formed fromformal authority or from information control.
Legitimacy Power
Power received by a person because of his position in the structure / hierarchy of the organization
Information Power
Power that comes from the ability toaccess and control information
Expert Power
Influence based on ability or special knowledge. For example: doctors, computer experts, psychologists, etc.
Reference Power
Influence is based on the ownership of resources or the individual's preferred character. For others: idolize, respect, like, etc.
Charismatic Power
Expansion of reference power that comes from individual personalities and interpersonal relationships
2. Individual Power
Power Tactics
Power tactics:
Legitimacy
Rational persuasion
Inspirational appeals
Consultation
Exchange
Personal appeals
Ingratiation
Pressure
Coalitions
Power tactic is an individualway of translating the basicsof power into a specificaction
© 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.
Power Tactics:
• Legitimacy Based on the position of authority
• Rational persuasion Persuasion with logical arguments
• Inspirational appeals Emotionally attractive: values, needs,
expectations and inspiration
• Consultation Involve him/ them in deciding something
• Exchange Based on rewards
• Personal appeals Personal appeal: friendship, loyalty, etc.
• Ingratiation Lick: persuasion, praise, friendliness, etc.
• Pressure Warnings, threats, repeated requests, etc.
• Coalitions Make a list of support to persuade the target to
agree
Power Tactics
Power Tactics Based on Direction of Influence
Upward Influence Downward Influence Lateral Influence
Rational persuasion Rational persuasion Rational persuasion
Inspirational appeals Consultation
Pressure Ingratiation
Consultation Exchange
Ingratiation Legitimacy
Exchange Personal appeals
Legitimacy Coalitions
Power in Groups: Coalition
• Trying to increase their size togain influence.
• Look for diverse voters tosupport their goals.
• More common in organizationswith many tasks andinterdependent resources.
• More often if there is nostandardization of tasks androutines.
Coalition
A collection of individuals who join to achieve certain goals.
POLITIC
Politic
Political behavior
Activities that are not required as part of one’s formalrole in the organization, but that influence thedistribution of advantages within the organization
Legitimate Political Behavior
Normal everyday politics.
Illegal Political Behavior
Extreme political behavior that violates organizational rules
Organizational Politics:The use of power to influence decision making inorganizations
Politic
Examples of political behavior that influence decisions:
Withhold important information for decisions
Join the coalition
Giving false information
Spread rumors
Leak confidential information
Lobbying for certain interests
Factors Affecting Political Behavior
Employee Responsesto Organizational
Politics
Avoid changes:
Prevention of change
Personal protection (covering up information)
Defensive Behavior
Avoid being blamed:
• Polish
• Play safe
• Justify, to reduce responsibility
• Looking for scapegoats
• Misrepresentation (not showing the truth)
Avoiding Actions :
• Too subject to rules
• Throwing responsibility
• Silent (pretending not to know / able)
• Stall for time
• Cheat (fake support)
Impression Management (IM)
IM Techniques:
• Harmony
• Reason
• Apology
• Self promotion
• Praise
• Something fun
• Association
Impression Management:
The process by whichindividuals try to control theimpression of others aboutthemselves
IM Techniques:
• Alignment adjusts his opinion, for example: "I totally agree with you, .."
• The reason explaining something becomes difficult, for example: "I can't ......, but ... allof it turns out to be useless ..."
• Apologies the impression of regret seems to be responsible, for example: "Sorry formy report ………., Please forgive me …………."
• Self-promotion highlights the qualities of self-kindness, promotion of abilities, success(not necessarily true), underestimating shortcomings. For example: "Mr. A needs 1 year tocarry out ..... I just need 1 month ............................. .."
• Praise pleases others (licks), to be liked. For example: "You did well, I have never beenas good as you"
• Something fun please others (licks) to get approval. For example: "I have 2 concerttickets, take it, think of it as my gratitude for …………………………"
• Association enhances self-image, with associated people. For example: "Your boss is inthe same class as me ……………………. "
To make:“Mind Mapping” (Lecture Material in this Week)
Requirements
1) A maximum of 1 (one) page per topic
2) Informative (can be given a picture, color, symbol,
illustration, etc.)
3) No Cover (just write your name and NIM on the
Mind Map sheet)
4) Handwritten or printed (using Mind Map software)
5) Must not copy paste (must be individually unique)
6) Collected not more than 24 hours
7) Finalty 0.5 point per day if late collecting
Individual Task:
Program studi Administrasi Bisnis Tel-U
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