power point behavior
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Human Behavior
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Human Behavior is thecollection of behaviors exhibited by
human beings and influenced by
culture, attitudes, emotions, values,
ethics, authority, rapport, hypnosis,
persuasion, coercion and/or genetics.
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The behavior of people falls within
a range with some behavior being
common, some unusual, some
acceptable, and some outside
acceptable limits.
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Sigmund Freud(1856-1939)
Human beings are justmechanical creatures, whomhe views as prisoners ofprimitive instincts andpowers, which can barely
control.Our purpose is to control
these instincts and powers.
People as a closed system ofpsychic energy that is floatingbetween the conscious andthe unconscious part of thehuman spirit.
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The Iceberg and the Human Spirit
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Basic Drives and Motives
Descartes and Hobbes shared a mechanistic view
(they thought that some of our actions are theresults of internal and external forces, which are
not under voluntary control)
Hobes claimed that the underlying reasons for
behavior are the avoidance of pain and the quest
for pleasure.
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Theory of Instincts
Main advocate was psychologist McDougall
Instinct- is an innate biological force, which
commands the organism to behave in aparticular way.
He hypothesized that all thinking and behavior
is the result of instincts, which are fixed from
birth, but which can be adjusted by learning and
experience.
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Instinctive Drives:
McDougallfear
curiosity
aggressionreproduction
Freud
instinct to survive
instinct to avoid death
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Theory of Drives
Replaced the theory of instincts
States that a driving force originates
from a natural need, like thirst
Lack of food causes chemical changes
in the blood, which causes the needfor food, which stimulates the
organism to look for food
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Social Influences
How do we learn social roles?
-Social attitudes
-Cultural expectations-Socialization- the process through which
society influences individuals to internalize
attitudes and expectations.
When do we act so?
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Emotions
Include a wide range of observable
behaviors, expressed feelings, and changes
in the body state Are very personal states, difficult to define
or to identify except in the most obvious
instances Many aspects seem unconscious to us
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Three definitions of various aspects of
emotions:
Emotion is a feeling that is private and
subjective.
Emotion is a state of psychological arousal and
expression or display of distinctive somatic and
autonomic responses.
Emotions are actions commonly deemed,
such as defending or attacking in response to a
threat.
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Two Aspects of Behavior: Motivational state Cognitive processing
Three Basic Dimensions of Behavior:
Pleasantness/Unpleasantness
Tension/Release
Excitement/Relaxation
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Eight Basic Emotions
Joy/Sadness
Acceptance/DisgustAnger/Fear
Surprise/Anticipation
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Accidental Gestures
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Influencing Daily Behavior
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Body Language
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Examples of Body Language
(meeting people, eyes, first meeting)
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Reading BodySignals(the way you breath, shrugged shoulders, difference in
level of both shoulders)
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Implications to Education