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    Wind Power: A SustainableWind Power: A SustainableSolutionSolution

    Jamie EppoliteJamie Eppolite

    September 2008September 2008

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    Wind Power: A SustainableWind Power: A SustainableSolutionSolution

    StatisticsStatistics

    How does w ind energy work?How does w ind energy work? Advantages / Disadvantages of WindAdvantages / Disadvantages of Wind

    TurbinesTurbines

    AvailabilityAvailability CostCost

    DesignsDesigns

    Public OpinionPublic Opinion

    Current P rojectsCurrent P rojects

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    Wind Power: A SustainableWind Power: A SustainableSolutionSolution

    2007 : 45% growth2007 : 45% growth

    5,200 MW installed5,200 MW installed Generating 16 billion kWh (AWEA)Generating 16 billion kWh (AWEA)

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    How Does Wind Energy Work?How Does Wind Energy Work?

    WindWind

    Produced via uneven heating of theProduced via uneven heating of the

    earthearth

    Kinetic EnergyKinetic Energy

    Mechanical /Mechanical /Electrical EnergyElectrical Energy

    TurbineTurbine

    Wind turns bladeWind turns blade spins shaftspins shaftgeneratorgenerator

    http://www1.eere.energy.gov/windandhydro/wind_animhttp://www1.eere.energy.gov/windandhydro/wind_animation.htmlation.html

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    Schematic of Wind TurbineSchematic of Wind Turbine

    Yaw drive: ensures theturbine is producing themaximum amount of power by

    keeping rotor facing the wind(for horizontal axis turbines)

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    Advantages of Wind EnergyAdvantages of Wind Energy

    RenewableRenewable

    Emits no pollutantsEmits no pollutants

    No foreign dependenceNo foreign dependence

    Wind is free & plentifulWind is free & plentiful Cost effectiveCost effective

    Take up less space than conventionalTake up less space than conventionalpower plantspower plants

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    Disadvantages of Wind PowerDisadvantages of Wind Power Wind varianceWind variance

    Can be noisy (?)Can be noisy (?)

    Ugly (?)Ugly (?)

    Low capacityLow capacityfactorfactor

    Wildlife (?)Wildlife (?)

    Birds / batsBirds / bats

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    Noise (?)Noise (?)

    DependentDependent

    upon ambientupon ambientconditionsconditions

    New technologyNew technology Older = louderOlder = louder

    Higher speedsHigher speeds

    less noiseless noise Masked by soundMasked by sound

    of windof windwww.youtube.com/watch?v=JD0v9_zV2uk

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    What About the BIRDS?!What About the BIRDS?!FACTS:FACTS:

    Bird kills per MW = 1Bird kills per MW = 1--6 /6 /

    yr (AWEA)yr (AWEA) US: 16,818 MW / yrUS: 16,818 MW / yr

    ~59,000 Bird /yr killed~59,000 Bird /yr killed

    by wind turbinesby wind turbines .003% of bird kills.003% of bird kills

    Cats :Cats :

    1 billion bird1 billion bird

    deaths / yrdeaths / yr

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    BirdsBirds

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    Wind Resource MapWind Resource Map

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    Power CurvePower Curve

    Power outputPower output ff(wind(wind speed)speed)

    Power available in the wind increasesPower available in the wind increases

    eight times for every doubling ofeight times for every doubling of

    wind speedwind speed

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    Wind Speed DistributionWind Speed Distribution WeibullWeibull

    DistributionDistribution Low andLow and

    moderate windsmoderate winds

    very commonvery common

    Strong galesStrong gales --

    relatively rarerelatively rare

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    Find Power Generated byFind Power Generated by

    TurbineTurbine PowerPower

    generated:generated: Diameter ofDiameter of

    rotorsrotors

    EfficiencyEfficiency

    Betz LimitBetz Limit

    Max power = .59Max power = .59

    Hours @Hours @ windspeedwindspeed * power* power

    generated atgenerated at windspeedwindspeed = Watt= Watt

    hrshrs

    Capacity factorCapacity factor

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    Vertical AxisVertical Axis

    DarrieusDarrieus

    Always alignedAlways alignedwith wind, unlikewith wind, unlike

    horizontalhorizontal

    CentrifugalCentrifugalstressstress

    Cause wearCause wear

    More expensiveMore expensivematerialmaterial

    Rarely usedRarely used

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    Horizontal AxisHorizontal Axis

    Utilize liftUtilize lift

    Wind generatesWind generatesforceforce

    perpendicular toperpendicular to

    direction it isdirection it is

    blowingblowing

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    Public OpinionsPublic Opinions

    PrettyPretty

    What sound?What sound?

    Good source ofGood source of

    energyenergy

    UglyUgly

    NoisyNoisy

    Better forms outBetter forms out

    therethere Hurt birdsHurt birds

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    CostCost The costs for aThe costs for a

    commercial scalecommercial scalewind turbine inwind turbine in

    2007 ranged from2007 ranged from

    $1.2 million to $2.6$1.2 million to $2.6million, per MW ofmillion, per MW of

    nameplate capacitynameplate capacity

    installedinstalled

    1010--kw gridkw grid

    connectedconnectedresidential scaleresidential scale

    $55,000 to$55,000 to

    installinstall 12 cents / kWh12 cents / kWh

    with 10mph windwith 10mph wind

    speedspeed

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    Atlantic City Wind FarmAtlantic City Wind Farm

    Five 1.5 MW Turbineswww.njwind.com

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    WindShareWindShare OntarioOntario

    10MW wind farm10MW wind farm

    involves citizens as Coinvolves citizens as Co--op membersop members

    Locally ownedLocally owned Revenue for the communityRevenue for the community

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    The Future?The Future?

    This scenario is for 20% windpower by 2030 (AWEA)