navigation. tasks pilotage and dead reckoning navigation systems and atc radar services diversion...
Post on 13-Dec-2015
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Navigation
TASKS
• Pilotage and Dead Reckoning
• Navigation Systems and ATC Radar Services
• Diversion
• Lost Procedures
Pilotage
• Flying from one visible landmark to another
• When one landmark is reached, another more distant landmark should be selected
Pilotage
• Apply wind drift correction to maintain desired ground track
• More difficult when areas lack prominent landmarks or under conditions of low visibility
Dead Reckoning• Navigating solely by means of
computations based on true airspeed, course, heading, wind direction and speed, groundspeed, and elapsed time
• It is “deduced reckoning” hence the term
Navigation Systems
• Know how to use all navigation systems in your airplane - VOR, ADF, LORAN, GPS
• Determine and control ground track on the basis of navigation instrument indications
Navigation Systems
• Communicate with ATC facilities to–Participate in VFR radar traffic
advisories
–Terminal radar programs
–Radar assistance to lost aircraft
Diversion• Reasons for diversions
–Low fuel
–Bad weather
–Pilot or passenger fatigue or illness
–Airplane system or equipment malfunction
Diversion• Procedures
–Confirm present position
–Select alternate airport and estimate a heading to put you on course
–Write down the time and turn to new heading
Diversion–Draw a new course line
–Refine your heading by pilotage and available navigation systems
–Compute groundspeed, arrival time and fuel
Lost Procedures• 5 Cs
• Climb
• Communicate
• Confess
• Comply
• Conserve
Lost Procedures• Maintain you original heading and
look for landmarks• Identify the nearest concentration of
landmarks• Use all available navigation systems
and ask for help from any ATC or FSS facility
Lost Procedures
• Plan a precautionary landing if weather conditions get worse or low on fuel
Navigation
• Time to station–Established inbound on a radial
rotate the obs 10o to the left, turn the aircraft 10o to the right
–Note the time and maintain heading until the cdi centers
Navigation–Note the time
–Time to the station is the same as the time to complete the 10o change of bearing
Time to station (min)
Note the radial you are on
Turn 90o to the left or right
Note the time elapsed between bearings
60 x Min flown between bearing change Degrees of bearing change
Distance To station (NM) TAS X Min. flown between bearing change
Degrees of bearing change
Fuel Required
Rate of fuel consumption x Min to station60
Navigation
• When a relative bearing doubles in a specific time, the time to the station is that time.
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